• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.462-472
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the quality characteristics of Brassica juncea cultivated in Jeongseon (BJJ), South Korea. We analyzed the nutritional components and antioxidant activity of BJJ. As a result of the free sugar analysis, the contents of glucose and fructose in BJJ were $0.29{\pm}0.02g/100g$ and $0.10{\pm}0.00g/100g$, respectively. The major fatty acids were palmitic acid, octadecenoic acid and stearic acid. The palmitic acid was the highest at 31.22% of all fatty acids. The major minerals were identified as Ca, P, K, Mg and Na. The contents of vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin C and vitamin E in BJJ were $0.02{\pm}0.00mg/100g$, $0.087{\pm}0.01mg/100g$, $0.02{\pm}0.00mg/100g$, $0.56{\pm}0.06mg/100g$ and $0.20{\pm}0.03mg\;{\alpha}-TE/100g$, respectively. As a result of the free amino acid analysis, total amino acid contents in BJJ were $2,801.21{\pm}115.38mg/100g$. L-proline content was the highest ($744.30{\pm}119.06mg/100g$) in BJJ. BJJ extract inhibits reactive oxygen species production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Also, BJJ extract exhibits a protective effect on oxidative stress in $H_2O_2$-induced human dermal fibroblast. These results indicate that BJJ comprises various valuable nutrients which can be used as functional food ingredients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1725-1733
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• 2019

Objective: Evaluate the partial replacement of soybean meal with different protein sources in piglet feed during the nursery phase in terms of digestibility of feed, nitrogen balance, growth performance and blood parameters. Methods: Experiment I involved 24 crossbred entire male pigs with an initial body weight (BW) of $18.28{\pm}0.7kg$ and used a randomized complete block design consisting of 3 treatments (fish meal, FM; soybean protein concentrate, SPC; and soybean meal, SBM) and 8 replicates, with 1 pig per experimental unit. Experiment II involved 1,843 crossbred male and female pigs with an initial BW of $6.79{\pm}0.90kg$ and was based on a completely randomized design with a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement (2 sexes and 3 protein sources) and 13 replicates. Results: The results of Exp. I indicate effects (p<0.05) of dietary protein sources on digestible protein (FM, 17.84%; SPC, 16.72%, and SBM, 18.13%) and on total nitrogen excretion (TNE, $g/kg\;BW^{0.75}/d$) in which pigs fed with SBM-based feed had TNE values that were 5.36% and 3.72% greater than SPC and FM, respectively. In the Exp. II, there was difference (p<0.01) between sexes in the pre-starter I and starter phases, and total period in average daily feed intake (ADFI), which were greater in females, and between the protein sources, ADFI, final weight and daily weight gain. For urea in the pre-starter II and starter phases and glucose in the pre-starter II phase, there was a difference (p<0.05) between protein sources and between sexes, in starter phase in urea concentrations (females: 57.11 mg/dL and males: 50.60 mg/dL). Conclusion: The use of SBM as only protein source influences larger TNE ($g/kg\;BW^{0.75}/d$), reduces the growth performance of piglets and increases plasma urea concentrations in prestarter II phase.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.249-258
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• 2019

우리나라 강원도 동해안 해수욕장 주변 토양의 야생효모들의 종 분포특성을 알아보고자 하조대와 경포대 해수욕장, 경포호수 주변 토양들로부터 야생효모들을 분리, 동정하였고, 이들 중 국내 미기록 효모들을 선별하여 이들의 균학적 특성과 생리활성 등을 조사하였다. 하조대 해수욕장 주변 토양 30점 시료들로부터 22종, 27균주의 야생효모들을 분리, 동정하였고 경포대 해수욕장과 경포호수 주변 토양 45점에서 Aureobasidium melanogenum JR 3-13을 포함하는 39종 55균주의 야생효모들을 분리하였다. 이들 두 해수욕장에서 분리한 야생효모들 중 Cyberlindnera culbertsonii HJ31-1, Dothichiza pithyophila HJ22-4, Metschnikowia bicuspidata HJ16-1, Sakaguchia cladiensis HJ14-1, Aureobasidium melanogenum JR3-1, Diutina siamensis JR37-5, Metschnikowia colchici JR2-2, Pseudozyma pruni JR13-2, Sporophora toruliformis JR24-1과 Candida gelsemii DC35-1등 10균주들이 국내 미기록 효모들로 최종 선별되었다. 이들은 대부분 구형으로 출아법으로 영양증식을 하였고 Cyberlindnera culbertsonii HJ31-1, Metschnikowia bicuspidata HJ16-1, Sakaguchia cladiensis HJ14-1, Aureobasidium melanogenum JR3-1, Metschnikowia colchici JR2-2, Pseudozyma pruni JR13-2과 Sporophora toruliformis JR24-1등은 자낭포자를 형성하였다. Aureobasidium melanogenum JR3-1 등 4종의 미기록 효모들은 vitamin을 함유하지 않은 YPD 배지에서도 생육하였고 Cyberlindnera culbertsonii HJ31-1외에 9균주들이 20% 포도당을 함유한 YPD 배지에서 생육하는 내당성 효모들이었다. 이들 국내 미기록 야생효모들의 무세포추출물들중 Diutina siamensis JR37-5균주가 30.9%의 가장 높은 tyrosinase 저해활성을 나타내었고 Aureobasidium melanogenum JR3-1 균주도 20.3%의 tyrosinase 저해활성을 보였다.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1999년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.11-11
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• 1999

;It has been reported that suspension-cultured rice cells grown on mixed carbon sources of glucose (GIc) and acetate exhibited diauxic growth in which acetate was the preferred carbon source (Lee and Lee, 1996). Carrot (Daucus carota L.) suspension cells, showing a diauxic growth very similar to that of rice cells, were used to delineate the mechanisms underlying this preferential use of acetate over GIc. Uptakes of both GIc and 3-0-methylglucose (3-0MG), a non-metabolizable GIc analogue, were similarly inhibited when acetate or butylate, weak acids which are capable of transporting protons into the cytosol, were present in the uptake assay mixture containing cells harvested during the GIc-utilizing second growth phase. Inhibition of GIc uptake by these weak acids was similar when equivalent experiments were carried out with isolated plasma membranes. It was further shown that Glc uptake, which requires a proper proton gradient across the plasma membranes, was inhibited during the first growth phase by acetate-mediated alkalization of growth medium and/or simultaneous acidification of cytosol. This study strongly suggests that Glc utilization in plant cells is inhibited by co-presenting carbon source(s) which can alter the proton gradient across the plasma membrane. We further examined diauxic growth in culture containing GIc and malate. Unlike the case in the culture with GIc and acetate, carrot cells used GIc first. Malate was utilized only after Glc is depleted from medium. These results indicate that GIc can be a preferred or less-preferred carbon source depending on the competing carbon source. It was noted that malate was not directly taken up by cells. Instead it was converted extracellularly into fumarate which was subsequently transported into cells. During the malate-growth phase malate uptake was negligible, and fumarate uptake was active and pH-sensitive. It was shown that fumarase released into medium was responsible for the extracellular conversion of malate into fumarate. An immunoblot experiments showed that fumarase antibody raised against Arabidopsis fumarase provided positive signals only in medium in malate culture, not in fumarate or GIc cultures. This study demonstrates the first example in that fumarase, a mitochondria marker enzyme, can be present in places other than mitochondria.ndria.

• 폴리머
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 바이오매스 기반 나일론 6,5 공중합체를 제조하기 위하여 단량체인 ${\varepsilon}$-caprolactam과 2-piperidone을 glucose로부터 발효공정으로 제조된 lysine과 5-aminovaleric acid로부터 각각 제조하였다. 이들을 potassium tertbutoxide를 촉매로 하고 acetyl-2-caprolactam과 이산화탄소를 개시제로 사용하여 $40^{\circ}C$에서 음이온 개환 중합 방법을 이용하여 나일론 6,5 공중합체를 제조하였다. 제조된 바이오 나일론 6,5 공중합체의 특성을 여러 가지 기기분석 방법으로 분석하였다. 이때 얻어진 고분자의 점도분자량($M_{\eta}$)은 최대 30000 g/mol 정도였으며, 중합 수율은 50% 이상이었다. 이들은 모두 semi-crystalline 고분자로 밝혀졌다. 열 특성 분석 결과 용융온도는 약 $165^{\circ}C$ 정도로 분해온도 $250^{\circ}C$와 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 이들 고분자들은 우수한 가공성과 응용성을 지닐 것으로 예상된다.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2003

Objectives : The lipolytic effects of catecholamines in adipose tissue are mediated by members of adrenergic receptors. This study was conducted to examine the effects of ${\beta}2-AR$ Gln27Glu (Q27E) polymorphism on obesity indices and risk among obesity clinic patients. Methods : 532 subjects, 38 men and 494 women, who attended a weight loss program in a local obesity clinic were analyzed. Height, weight, BMI, WHR and obesity index were measured or calculated. Body composition was measured by bio-impedance analysis. Genotype of ${\beta}2-AR$ polymorphism in codon 27 was analyzed by PCR-RFLP method. Serum concentrations of fasting glucose, total and HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride were determined by autobiochemical analyzer. Results: The Genotype distributions of ${\beta}2-AR$ gene were QQ type 81.3%, QE type 17.9% and EE type 8%. Therefore, the frequency of E allele of ${\beta}2-AR$ gene was 0.170 in the total subjects. The frequency of the ${\beta}2-AR$ variant genotype(QE+EE) was significantly higher in obese group($BMI{\geqq}25$) compared with non-obese group(p=0.027). Weight was significantly higher in variant(QE+EE) type compared with normal(QQ) type in total subjects(p=0.001), male(p=0.022) and female(p=0.013). BMI, obesity index and WHR were also significantly higher in QE+EE type. Body fat man was significantly higher in QE+EE type in total subjects(p=0.005) and female(p=0.027). When forward stepwise regression analysis was used to create a model of risk predictors of obesity($BMI{\geqq}25$), QE+EE type of ${\beta}2-AR$ gene was found to be a significant risk factor for obesity (p=0.042, ORs 1.597). Conclusions: QE+EE genotype of ${\beta}2-AR$ was associated with increased obesity indices and might be a significant risk factor for obesity.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2019

Purpose: Osmolar gap (OG) has been used for decades to screen for toxic alcohol levels. However, its reliability may vary due to several reasons. We validated the estimated ethanol concentration formula for patients with suspected poisoning and who visited the emergency department. We examined discrepancies in the ethanol level and patient characteristics by applying this formula when it was used to screen for intoxication due to toxic levels of alcohol. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 153 emergency department cases to determine the measured levels of toxic ethanol ingestion and we calculated alcohol ingestion using a formula based on serum osmolality. Those patients who were subjected to simultaneous measurements of osmolality, sodium, urea, glucose, and ethanol were included in this study. Patients with exposure to other toxic alcohols (methanol, ethylene glycol, or isopropanol) or poisons that affect osmolality were excluded. OG (the measured-calculated serum osmolality) was used to determine the calculated ethanol concentration. Results: Among the 153 included cases, 114 had normal OGs (OG≤14 mOsm/kg), and 39 cases had elevated OGs (OG>14). The mean difference between the measured and estimated (calculated ethanol using OG) ethanol concentration was -9.8 mg/dL. The 95% limits of agreement were -121.1 and 101.5 mg/dL, and the correlation coefficient R was 0.7037. For the four subgroups stratified by comorbidities and poisoning, the correlation coefficients R were 0.692, 0.588, 0.835, and 0.412, respectively, and the mean differences in measurement between the measured and calculated ethanol levels were -2.4 mg/dL, -48.8 mg/dL, 9.4 mg/dL, and -4.7 mg/dL, respectively. The equation plots had wide limits of agreement. Conclusion: We found that there were some discrepancies between OGs and the calculated ethanol concentrations. Addition of a correction factor for unmeasured osmoles to the equation of the calculated serum osmolality would help mitigate these discrepancies.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.407-413
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• 2011

허브의 일종인 B. sarmienti를 이용하여 숙취 해소 음료를 개발하고 그에 따른 알콜 대사 및 항산화 효소에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 알코올을 섭취한 쥐에 B. sarmienti 음료군(BSP)을 투여 한 경우 타사 제품군인 PC 그리고 B. sarmienti만을 제외한 음료군인 NBS보다 더 뛰어난 알코올 분해능 및 ADH, ALDH에서도 뛰어난 활성을 보였다. 또한 생화학적 검사를 통해 안전성을 확인하였으며, ALP, ALT 그리고 AST에서도 PC군에 비해 유의적인 감소 효과를 보였다. 항산화 활성 및 효소계에 있어서도 BSP군에서는 GSH에서는 CO군에 비해 효소의 함량은 높으나, 다른 군에 비해 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았으며, TBARS에는 다른 군에 비해 함량이 감소됨을 알 수 있었으나 뚜렷한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 그러나 GST, CAT 그리고 SOD 효소에 있어서는 CO군에 비해 유의적인 효소 활성이 감소되었음을 알 수 있었다. 이상과 같은 결과를 토대로 B. sarmienti 추출물이 첨가된 음료는 뛰어난 숙취 해소 및 간세포의 손상을 보호하는 음료로서 이용 가능하리라 기대 된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.907-915
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• 2011

전주지역의 모주는 막걸리에 인삼, 칡, 감초, 계피, 대추, 생강 등 생약재와 흑설탕을 넣고 일정시간 교반 가열한 후 여과해서 만드는 해장술 개념의 저농도 알코올성 음료이다. 기호성이 높은 모주 개발을 위한 정보를 제공할 목적으로, 전주 시내의 음식점에서 판매되는 전주모주 22종의 이화학적, 관능적 특성을 평가하였다. 이화학적 분석치의 평균값은 수분 91.28%, 알코올 1.09%, pH 4.25, 총산 0.27%, 환원당 40.68 mg/mL, 당도 13.75 $^{\circ}Bx$, 점도 11.19 cP이었다. 유기산 중 lactic acid, malic acid, citric acid 함량이 다른 3종의 유기산에 비해 높게 나타났으며, 유리당 중 sucrose 함량이 glucose, fructose 함량보다 월등히 높게 나타났다. 유리아미노산 함량은 175.3 mg%로 모주의 주원료인 탁주에 비해 적은 편으로 이는 모주 제조과정 중에 가열에 따른 갈변반응의 기질로서 탁주의 유리아미노산이 이용되었기 때문으로 사료된다. 관능검사 결과, 전체적인 기호도가 비교적 높은 모주는 총산 함량이 0.15~0.25%로 낮을 뿐만 아니라, 당도는 10.6~13.4 $^{\circ}Bx$, 점도는 5.73~9.57 cP 범위의 모주이었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.485-491
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• 2012

복숭아를 이용한 고부가가치 제품의 개발을 위하여 복숭아의 냉풍 및 적외선 건조 방법에 따른 품종별 건조 복숭아의 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 건조 방법에 따른 품종별('천홍', '유명') pH 및 가용성 고형분 함량은 전반적으로 적외선 건조에서 냉풍 건조 보다 높게 나타났으며, '천홍' 품종보다 '유명' 품종에서 pH 및 가용성 고형분 함량이 높은값을 나타내었다. 색도는 L과 ${\Delta}E$ value은 적외선 건조에서 높게 나타났고, 반면에 a, b value는 냉풍건조에서 높은 값을 보였다. 유리당 분석결과 조성은 sucrose > fructose > glucose 순이었고, 그 함량은 sucrose에서 50.71 mg/100 g으로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 적외선 건조가 냉풍 건조에 비해 전반적으로 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 유기산은 품종 및 건조 방법에 상관없이 oxailic acid, malic acid, citric acid가 동정되었으며, 그 중 citric acid 함량이 6.17 mg / 100 g으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 무기질은 모든 조건에 상관없이 K의 함량이 높게 나타났으며, 그 조성은 K > Mg > Ca > Na > Fe > Zn > Cu > Al의 순으로 나타났다. 전반적으로 적외선보다 냉풍 건조에서 높게 나타났고, '천홍'보다 '유명' 품종에서 함량이 높게 나타났다. 관능검사 결과 외관과 맛은 적외선 건조에서 높게 평가되었고, 색도와 조직감에서는 냉풍 건조에서 높게 평가되었다. 또한 NaCl로 전처리하였을 때 기호성이 높게 평가되어 건조와 함께 전처리를 병용하면 건조 과실의 기호성 향상에 기여할 것으로 생각된다. 이상의 결과에서 적외선 건조 방법으로 제조한 건조 복숭아의 품질이 전반적으로 우수하다고 판단되며, 건조 복숭아 제조 방법으로 적합할 것이라 사료된다.