• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권spc1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2004

• BMB Reports
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2013

Pattern recognition receptors are known to participate in the activation of Prophenoloxidase system. In this study, a 1,3-${\beta}$-D-glucan recognition protein was detected for the first time in Antheraea pernyi larvae (Ap-${\beta}GRP$). Ap-${\beta}GRP$ was purified to 99.9% homogeneity from the hemolymph using traditional chromatographic methods. Ap-${\beta}GRP$ specifically bind 1,3-${\beta}$-D-glucan and yeast, but not E. coli or M. luteus. The 1,3-${\beta}$-D-glucan dependent phenoloxidase (PO) activity of the hemolymph inhibited by anti-Ap-${\beta}GRP$ antibody could be recovered by addition of purified Ap-${\beta}GRP$. These results demonstrate that Ap-${\beta}GRP$ acts as a biosensor of 1,3-${\beta}$-Dglucan to trigger the Prophenoloxidase system. A trace mount of 1,3-${\beta}$-D-glucan or Ap-${\beta}GRP$ alone was unable to trigger the proPO system, but they both did. Ap-${\beta}GRP$ was specifically degraded following the activation of proPO with 1,3-${\beta}$-Dglucan. These results indicate the variation in the amount of Ap-${\beta}GRP$ after specific immune challenge in A. pernyi hemolymph is an important regulation mechanism to immune response.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.641-649
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the yield of bio-ethanol produced by separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) with the pretreated rapeseed straw (RS) using crude enzyme of Cellulomonas flavigena and Saccharomyces cereviase. Crude enzyme of C. flavigena showed enzymatic activity of 14.02 U/mL for CMC 133.40 U/mL, for xylan 15.21 U/mL, for locust gum and 15.73 U/mL for rapeseed straw at pH 5.0 and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively. The hemicellulose contents of RS was estimated to compromise 36.62% of glucan, 43.20% of XMG (xylan + mannan + galactan), and 2.73% of arabinan by HPLC analysis. The recovering ratio of rapeseed straw were investigated to remain only glucan 75.2% after 1% $H_2SO_4$ pretreatment, glucan 45.44% and XMG 32.13% after NaOH, glucan 44.75% and XMG 5.47% after $NH_4OH$, and glucan 41.29% and XMG 41.04% after hot water. Glucan in the pretreatments of RS was saccharified to glucose of 45.42 - 64.81% by crude enzyme of C. flavigena while XMG was made into to xylose + mannose + galactose of 58.46 - 78.59%. Moreover, about 52.88 - 58.06 % of bio-ethanol were obtained from four kinds of saccharified solutions by SHF using S. cerevisiae. Furthermore, NaOH pretreatment was determined to show the highest mass balance, in which 21.22 g of bio-ethanol was produced from 100 g of RS. Conclusively, the utilization of NaOH pretreatment and crude enzyme of Cellulomonas flavigena was estimated to be the best efficient saccharification process for the production of bio-ethanol with rapeseed straw by SHF.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2000

버섯에서 추출되는 생리활성물질얀 ${\beta}$-glucan은 탁월한 항암 효과를 갖는 물질이다. 특히 Agaricus blazei에 $\beta$-glucan이 많이 포함되어 있는 것으로 보고되어져 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 마이 크로웨이브를 사용하여 아가리쿠스버섯으로부터 ${\beta}$-glucan을 추 출하는 공정의 추출효율을 극대화하는 것으로, 다양한 추출시간 과 마이크로웨이브 출력을 이용하여 최적 운전조건을 결정하였 다. 최적 마이크로웨이브의 최적 출력은 200, 500, 650 watt의 경우에서 실험하여 결정하였다. 추출물질의 구조와 농도 분석은 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy와 infrared spectroscopy 를 이용하여 수행하였다 본 실험 결과로 마이크로웨이브를 이 용한 추출의 다당류 수율이 전통적 인 열수추출방법보다 향상됨을 확인하였고, 소량의 용매와 짧은 추출 시간으로 향상된 수율을 얻을 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.576-583
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• 2006

The alkali-soluble glucan of the yeast cell wall contains $\beta-(1,3)-$ and (1,6)-D-linkages and is known to systemically enhance the immune system. In the previous study [6], in order to isolate cell wall mutants, a wild-type strain was mutagenized by exposure to ultraviolet light, and the mutants were then selected via treatment with laminarinase $(endo-\beta-(1,3)-D-glucanase)$. The mass of alkali- and water-soluble glucans produced by the mutant was measured to be 33.8 mg/g of the dry mass of the yeast cell. Our results showed that the mutants generated the amount of alkali-soluble glucan 10-fold higher than that generated by the wild-type. Structural analysis showed that the alkali-soluble glucan from the mutants was associated with a higher degree of $\beta-(1,6)-D-linkage$ than was observed in conjunction with the wild-type. Yeast cell wall $\beta-glucan$ was shown to interact with macrophages via receptors, thereby inducing the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha $(TNF-\alpha)$ and nitric oxide. Alkali-soluble $\beta-glucans$, both from water-soluble and water-insoluble glucan, exhibited a higher degree of macrophage activity with regard to both the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha $(TNF-\alpha)$ and nitric oxide and direct phagocytosis, than did the positive control ($1{\mu}g$ of lipopolysaccharide).

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2016

본 연구는 ${\beta}$-glucan이 첨가된 사료첨가제 (이뮨글루$^{TM}$) 급이시 전복의 비특이 면역력의 증강 효과와 전염성 질병 감염 시 생존율의 변화를 확인하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 참전복 치패와 성패를 대상으로 이뮨글루$^{TM}$ 0, 0.1, 1%가 함유된 사료를 14일간 급이 하면서 면역력, 정균력, 생존율 등을 조사하였다. 조사 결과 이뮨글루$^{TM}$가 함유된 사료를 급이한 전복의 치패와 성패의 식세포작용이 증가하였으며 전복폐사 원인균인 Vibrio alginolyticus에 대한 정균력과 생존율이 상승하였다. 반면 염증량을 나타내는 NO량 역시 증가하였다. 따라서 ${\beta}$-glucan이 첨가된 사료첨가제 이뮨글루$^{TM}$는 전복 사육 시 전복의 면역력을 높이고 폐사율을 낮추는데 유용한 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2008

The object of this trial was to investigate the effect of dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation on the performance and immunological response of broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty 1-day old male broilers ($39{\pm}1g$) were separated into six treatments which were given six different feeds containing 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 mg/kg dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation. On days 21 and 42, body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversation rate were recorded as measures of growth performance. The levels of key cytokines in the immuno-regulating pathway: interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon $\gamma$(IFN-$\gamma$, tumor necrosis factor $\alpha$(TNF-$\alpha$, and the concentrations of signal molecules: peripheral blood plasma globulin, serum Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and intestinal secretary Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), were measured as indices of the immune response to determine suitable levels of dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation. The results indicated that performance was elevated quadratically with dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation. Maximal growth performance and an enhanced immunological response were obtained at a supplemented level of 50 mg/kg.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.361-365
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• 2005

This study was conducted to obtain the acute information of the oral dose toxicity of Polycan - originated from Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001 (half of the dry material is -1,3/1,6-glucans), a UV induced mutant of A. pullulans, having various pharmacological effects, in male and female mice. In order to calculate $50\%$ lethal dose $(LD_{50})$, approximate LD and target organs, test article was administered twice by oral gavage to male and female ICR mice at total 1000, 500 and 250mg/kg. The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored during 14 days after dosing. As the results, we could not find any mortalities, clinical signs, changes in the body weight and gross findings. The results obtained in this study suggest that the Polycan is non-toxic in mice and is therefore likely to be safe for clinical use. The L050 and approximate $(LD_{50})$ in mice after single oral dose of Polycan were considered over 1000 mg/kg, respectively.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.238-243
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• 1999

보리로부터 전분을 분리하는 공정을 개발하기 위해 blending 처리, ${eta}$-glucanase 처리 및 alkali 처리를 병행한 최적조건을 검토하였다. Blending 처리에 의한 전처리 효과를 조사한 결과 blending 처리를 6회 했을 경우에 전분수율이 29.7%로 나타냈으며 단백질 3.2%, 지방0.7%, 섬유소 0.4%, 회분 0.4%, ${eta}$-glucan 2.8%를 함유한 전분을 분리하였다 단백질과 ${eta}$-glucan의 용출효과를 조사하기 위해 $eta$-glucanase 처리의 최적조건을 검토한 결과 ${eta}$-glucanase 첨가량 60,000 unit, 맥분과 물의 양1/2, 반응온도 $45^{\circ}C$, pH6.5, 침지 6시간 때에 효과적인 용출을 보였다. 전분의 수율증대와 순도를 높이기 위해 0.2% NaOH 용액을 사용한 alkali 처리조건을 조사한 결과 침지 2시간 때에 전분함량은 ${eta}$-glucanase 처리 후의 전분함량과 비교하여 볼 때 25%가 증가한 76.7%(w/w)로 나타났으며 단백질 0.2%, ${eta}$-glucan 0.1%의 최종 전분을 분리하였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.376-380
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• 2002

항암, 항콜레스테롤, 항산화 및 면역증강 효과와 피부재생 효과 등 여러 가지 생리활성이 밝혀지고 있는 $\beta$-1,3/1,6-글루칸은 크게 식물성 유래, 효모 및 곰팡이 유래, 버섯 유래의 것으로 등으로 분류할 수 있다. 풀루란을 생산하는 Aureobasidum pullulans ATCC 42023에 자외선을 조사하여 얻은 변이주인 Aureobasidum puiluian SM-2001 균주가 생산하여 체외로 분비하는 고분자 중합체를 핵자기 공명분석기로 분석한 결과, $\beta$-1,3- 및 $\beta$-1,6- 결합이 서로 혼재되어 있는 $\beta$-1,3/1,6-글루칸의 전형적인 구조임을 확인하였으며, 평균 분자량은 2.6$\times$$10^{5}$ 임을 확인하였다. 또한, $\beta$-1,3/1,6-글루칸의 생산에 최적인 탄소원이 설탕임을 확인하였으며, 0.5% (w/v)의 설탕을 탄소원으로 사용하였을 경우 약 50%의 변환율로 $\beta$-1,3/l,6-글루칸을 생산할 수 있었다. 이는 생물공학적인 방법으로 $\beta$-1,3/l,6-글루칸의 생산을 의미하며 저렴한 생산비로 대량 생산할 수 있는 방법의 개발을 의미한다한다