• 정신신체의학
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.3-12
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• 1998

Objective : The sensation of dysphagia, heartburn, globus hystericus, and functional dyspepsia are common symptoms of the functional upper gut disorders. This study was designed to investigate quantity of perceived stress, depression, and anxiety in the patients with functional upper gut symptoms whose esopahgeal manometry(EM) and gatroesophageal reflux (GERT) test were normal. Methods : A total of 38 patients who complained of the symptoms had been tested with 24-hour ambulatory EM and conventional GERT in our gastrointestinal clinic. Thirty patients whose tests had been normal(patients group) were assessed with Symptom Checklist-90-Revision(SCL-90-R), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), and Spielberger Stait-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) and compared with 30 patients(control group) without functional upper gut symtpoms in the hepatobiliary clinic. The two groups were also assessed by quantity of perceived stress during the last year through self-report. Results: 1) These patients tended to be predominently female, older, and possessed a lower education than control group. 79% of 38 patients who had been tested were normal. 2) Compared to the control group, the patients had significantly higher mean scores on four subscales(somatization, depression, anxiety, and positive symptom distress index). 3) The patient group had significantly more perceived stress than the control group. 4) The patients group had significantly higher levels of depression than the control gorup, but there was not any significant difference in the STAI. 5) There were significant positive correlations between the BDI score and the STAI-trait, the STAI-stait and the STAI-trait, the quantity of perceived stress and the STAI-trait. Conlusion : The patients with functional upper gut symptoms displayed more, psychological distress, sornatization, anxiety, and deperssion. Among them, patients had higer depression than control group. Functional upper gut symtoms could be more appropriately viewed as somatic symptoms of depression. These findings suggest that such patients need to have psychiatric intervention and treatment.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.401-410
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was intended to review the research trends of treating neuropsychiatric diseases and symptoms with Traditional Chinese Medicine containing Haematitum. Methods: Articles were obtained through the CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) by searching with 'Haematitum' as the main key word, and supportive words related with neuropsychiatric diseases and symptoms were selected. There were 61 articles related to clinical fields, which were then classified according to study design. Results: The 61 articles were categorized into the following types of study design: 3 randomized controlled trials, 1 quasi-randomized trial, 3 simple-designed clinical trials, and 54 case studies. Decoctions containing Haematitum were used to treat diseases and symptoms such as vertigo, headache, stroke, epilepsy, neurosis, globus hystericus, fishbilepoisoning, insomnia, mania, post-traumatic brain syndrome, and kinesia. All articles reported a good rate of effectiveness. There was no poor responsiveness regarding the effects of Haematitum in 9 studies, but it was not mentioned in the other 52 studies. Decoctions self-prepared by the authors were used in 28 studies. Modified Seonbokdeja-tang, modified Banhabeakchulcheonma-tang, modified Ondam-tang were used in that order of frequency. The daily dosage of Haematitum provided was 0.2~6 g in powder, and 9~60 g in decoction. Conclusions: Decoctions containing Haematitum are used restrictively in the neuropsychiatric clinical scene. While there were no reports of poor responsiveness of the effects of Haematitum, more research is needed to confirm its clinical stability.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1010-1015
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• 2008

최근 RFID 시스템의 채택이 다양한 분야에서 빠르게 진행되고 있다. 그러나 RFID 시스템의 대중화를 위해서는 RFID 태그의 정보를 무단으로 획득함으로써 발생할 수 있는 프라이버시 침해 문제를 해결해야 한다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해서 기존 연구들 중에서 가장 안전한 M. Ohkubo 등의 Hash-Chain 기법이 있다. 그러나 이 기법은 태그를 판별할 때 엄청난 태그 수의 증가로 인해 막대한 계산 능력을 요구하는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 프라이버시 보호를 유지하면서 태그 판별 시간을 절감하기 위해서 그리드 환경으로 이식하는 방법을 제안하고, 각 노드 별로 SP를 m/k개로 균등하게 분할하는 균등분할 알고리즘을 적용한 태그 판별 처리 모델을 제안한다. 제안 모델을 그리드 환경에서 동시에 수행한다면 이상적인 경우 태그를 판별하는 시간은 1/k로 감소한다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.166-174
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• 2019

Objective : Globus pallidus interna (GPi) is acknowledged as an essential treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Nonetheless, the neurotransmitter study about its results is undiscovered. The goal of this research was to examine influences of entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) stimulation, identical to human GPi, in no-lesioned (NL) rat and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-HD)-lesioned rat on glutamate change in the striatum. Methods : Extracellular glutamate level changes in striatum of NL category, NL with deep brain stimulation (DBS) category, 6-HD category, and 6-HD with DBS category were examined using microdialysis and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivities in substantia nigra and striatum of the four categories were also analyzed. Results : Extracellular glutamate levels in the striatum of NL with DBS category and 6-HD with DBS category were significantly increased by EPN stimulation compared to those in the NL category and 6-HD category. EPN stimulation had no significant effect on the expression of TH in NL or 6-HD category. Conclusion : Clinical results of GPi DBS are not only limited to direct inhibitory outflow to thalamus. They also include extensive alteration within basal ganglia.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.91-95
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• 2023

Psychogenic dysphagia is a deglutition disorder characterized by a fear of swallowing, with no structural or functional causes. This report presents the case of a young male patient who had severe malnutrition due to psychogenic dysphagia and was provided visual biofeedback using fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). A healthy 25-year-old man presented to our clinic with a complaint of throat discomfort when swallowing that had started 6 months prior. As the symptoms worsened, he became fearful of food spreading to his lungs after swallowing and the development of respiratory difficulties. His food intake gradually decreased, resulting in a weight loss of 20 kg within 2 months. Evaluation of organic and other functional causes of dysphagia was performed, but no abnormalities were detected. The sensation of a lump in his throat, fear of swallowing, and anxiety were transformed into somatic symptoms. The patient was diagnosed with psychogenic dysphagia. After visual biofeedback by a physician who performed FEES, the patient resumed eating normally and increased his food intake. If routine tests do not reveal structural or functional causes of dysphagia, assessment of a psychogenic swallowing disorder should be considered. FEES can help in the diagnosis and management of psychogenic dysphagia.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.69-82
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• 1987

금강 상류 지역 주민들에 Metagonimus속 흡충이 만연되어 있음은 1980년이래 보고되어 있으나 아직도 그 흡충의 종(種)이 확정되지 못한 상태이다. 본 연구는 다슬기에서 유출된 cercaria, 어류에 기생된 피낭유충 및 실험적 종숙주에서 검출된 성충의 형태와 생태 등을 검토하였고 그 결과를 다음과 같이 요약한다. 1. 금강 상류 수통리, 무주삼거리 및 소천리 앞의 금강천에서 1,730개의 다슬기(Semisulcospira globus)를 채집하여 cercaria의 자연유출율과 종을 동정한 바 7.2%의 cercaria양성율과 5종을 동정하였고, 그 중에서 Metagonimus속 cercaria가 3.7%로 가장 많았다. 2. Metagonimus속 cercaria를 방출하는 다슬기의 수조에 금붕어와 같이 10일간 사육하고 그 후60일까지 금부어에서 피낭유충형성 실태를 관찰하였던 바 금붕어 105마리중 22.9%의 감염율을 보였고 비늘(13/3%)과 지느러미(86.7%)에 피낭유충이 형성되었으며 그 수는 적었다. 3. 대청호와 금강상류에서 채집한 어류에서 Metagonimus속 피낭유충의 기생 실태를 조사한 바 끄리는 전수가 감염되었고 어체당 피낭유충의 감염수(250~2,400개)도 가장 많았다. 갈겨니, 피라미, 모래무지 등도 상류산은 100% 감염되어 있었으나 대청호산은 기생율이 낮았고 각 어체별 피낭유충의 기생수도 적었다. 잉어와 붕어는 피낭유충의 기생율과 기생수도 매우 적었다. 어종별로 분리한 피낭유층은 형태학적 차이는 없었으며, 어체내의 기생부위는 섬진강산 은어를 제외하고 비늘에서만 검출도었다. 4. 끄리와 피라미 유래의 피낭유충은 흰쥐에 개에, 갈겨니, 모래무지, 금붕어 유래이 피낭유충은 흰주에만 각각 감염시켜 그 성충의 회수율과 종숙주 소장 부위별로 기생율을 관찰하였다. 개에서는 충체의 회수율(63.3~65.8%)이 대단히 높았으나 쥐는 어종별 피낭 유충원(源)에 따라 큰 차이(3.5~31.6%)를 보였다. 성충은 흰주의 소장 중.하부에 분포되어 있었고 소장상부에 기생된 충체를 발견할 수 없었다. 실험적으로 감염시킨 금붕어의 피낭유충도 동일한 결과이었으나 섬진강산 은어 유래의 피낭유충 감염 흰쥐는 그 소장 상부에도 성충이 분포(9.2%)로 되어 있었다. 개에서는 소장상부에 소수(5.4~10.2%) 분포되어 있었으나 소장 중부(57.7~81.9%)와 하부(7.9~36.9%)에 많았다. 5. 성충의 형태는 그 크기가 개와 흰주 숙주에 따른 차이가 있었으나 동일 숙주에서는 어종별 피낭유충에 따라 차이가 없었다. 모든 성충의 구흡반은 복흡반보다 작았다. 채 후부에 위치한 두 정소(精巢)는 전후로 약간 떨어져 비스듬히 기울어져 있었고 자궁은 두 정소 사이를 지나 전방에 위치한 정소를 한 바퀴 돌아서 상행하였고 난황선은 충체의 후부 정소 중간까지 분포되어 있었다. 6. 충란의 크기는 평균 $29.1{\times}17.3{\mu}m$였다. 이상의 결과를 종합컨대 금강 유역에 분포되어 있는 Metagonimus 흡충은 제등(1984a)가 주장하는 Metagonimus yokogawai, Miyata형으로 동정하였다.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2003

Welders working in a confined space, like in the shipbuilding industry, are at risk of being exposed to high concentrations of welding fumes and developing pneumoconiosis or other welding-fume exposure related diseases. Among such diseases, manganism resulting from welding-fume exposure remains a controversial issue, as the movement of manganese into specific brain regions has not been clearly established. Accordingly, to investigate the distribution of manganese in the brain after welding-fume exposure, male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to welding fumes generated from manual metal arc stainless steel (MMA-SS) at concentrations of $63.6{\pm}4.1$ $mg/m^3$ (low dose, containing 1.6 $mg/m^3$ Mn) and $107.1{\pm}6.3$ $mg/m^3$ (high dose, containing 3.5 $mg/m^3$ Mn) total suspended particulates for 2 hrs per day, in an inhalation chamber over a 60-day period. Blood, brain, lungs and liver samples were collected after 2 hr, 15, 30, and 60 days of exposure and the tissues analyzed for their manganese concentrations using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Although dose- and time-dependent increases in the manganese concentrations were found in the lungs and livers of the rats exposed for 60 days, only slight manganese increases were observed in the blood during this period. Major statistically significant increases in the brain manganese concentrations were detected in the cerebellum after 15 days of exposure and up until 60 days. Slight increases in the manganese concentrations were also found in the substantia nigra, basal ganglia (caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus), temporal cortex, and frontal cortex, thereby indicating that the pharmacokinetics and distribution of manganese inhaled from welding fumes would appear to be different from those resulting from manganese-only exposure.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2000

Authors evaluated alterations of observable metabolite ratios between the cerebral lesion and the contralateral region related to the clinical symptomatic side in levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease (PD) and investigated correlation between age in patients with PD and metabolite ratios of the lesion. Patients with levodopa-treated PD (n = 54) and age-matched normal controls (n = 15) underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) examinations using a stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) pulse sequence that provided 2$\times$2$\times$2 cm3 volume of interest in the selected regions of substantia nigra (SN) and putamed-globus pallidus (PG). To evaluate dependence of metabolite ratios on age, we divided into two groups (i.e., younger and older age). We quantitatively measured N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), choline-containing compounds (Cho), inositols (Ins), and the sum of glutamate (Glx) and GABA levels and obtained proton metabolite ratios relative to Cr using a Marquart algorithm. Compared with the contralateral region, a significant neuronal laterality of the NAA/Cr ratio in the lesion of SN related to the clinical symptomatic side was established (P = 0.01), but was not established in the lesion of PG (P = 0.24). Also, Cho/Cr ratio tended toward significance in the lesion of SN (P = 0.07) and was statistically significant in the lesion of PG(P = 0.01). Compared with that in the younger age group, NAA/Cr ratio in the older age was decreased in the lesion of SN (P = 0.02), while NAA/Cr ratio was not statistically significant in the lesion of PG ( P = 0.21). Significant metabolic alterations of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios might be closely related with functional changes of neuropathological process in SN and PG of levodopa treated PD and could be a valuable finding for evaluation of the PD. A trend of NAA/Cr reduction, being statistically significant in older patients, could be indicative of more pronounced neuronal damage in the SN of the progressive PD.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.434-441
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• 2009

This study was conducted to compare the biological activities of 7 melania snails from the family Pleuroceridae (Semisulcospira coreana, Koreanomelania nodifila, Semisulcospira forticosta, Koreoleptoxis globus ovalis, Semisulcospira libertina, Semisulcospira tegulata and Semisulcospira gottschei) in Korea. Among the 7 species, S. coreana, Korean. nodifila, S. forticosta and S. gottschei showed over 80% cytotoxicities on three cancer cell lines (SNU-1, A549 and Hep 3B) compared to the non-treatment, whereas S. libertina and S. tegulata showed almost no growth inhibition activities on the same cancer cell lines. In relation to ACE inhibition activity, only S. coreana, Korean. nodifila, and S. forticosta showed over 60% ACE inhibition activities, whereas other melania snails exhibited inhibition activities of lower than 25%. DPPH radical scavenging activities were also determined, and used to categories melania snails into three groups based on Duncan's multiple range test at P<0.05. The amount of TNF-${\alpha}$ produced by in vitro mouse peritoneal macrophage was determined according to bioactivity on L-929 cells. Three melania snails, S. coreana, Korean. nodifila and S. gottschei, exhibited 95.2%, 89.7% and 93.7% cell death(%) on L-929 cells, respectively. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitory activity was also obtained in the extract of S. coreana (31.9%) and Korean. nodifila (28.1%), showing that these extracts can be used as supplemental dietary health foods. In conclusion, we believe that the extracts of melania snails should be given due consideration in functional health food development.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2003

PURPOSE - To investigate neurometabolism from the brain destructive lesions and striatal putamen-pallidus regions to the clinically worst side in patients with Parkinson's disease after stereotactic functional neurosurgery. METHODS - Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ($^1$H MRS), fifteen patients (7 males and 8 females; mean age 56.5 years; age range 43-67 years) with Parkinson's disease (PD) were studied to measure N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), choline-containing compounds (Cho) and lactate (Lac) levels on the neurosurgical lesions of thalamus, globus pallidus and striatal putamen-pallidus regions in a brain. RESULTS - Brain destructive lesion and striatal putamen-pallidus region in PD compared with controls were highly and significantly related to NAA/Cho ratios reduction, respectively (P =0.002, P =0.04), but showed no difference from the same regions of PD prior to neurosergery (P =0.06, P =0.77). Increased lactate peaks at 1.3 ppm were present in all the cerebral lesions, and these resonances were confirmed at a long TE =136 ms, indicating that these signals distinguished from lipids. CONCLUSIONS - Our results suggest that NAA/Cho ratios may provide as a neurometabolite marker for neurochemical changes in brain surgical lesion, and the ratios might be related to functional change of neuropathophysiological status in the striatal putamen-pallidus region of PD. Increase of lactate signals, being remarkable in surgical lesions, could be consistent with a common consequence of surgical necrosis. Therefore, MR spectroscopy could be a sensitive diagnostic tool in monitoring neurometabolic changes in PD with neurosurgical treatment.