• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2012

To determine the status of Korean molluscs infection and relation with climate change of Korean peninsula, references were reviewed. Wild animals serve as intermediate, reservoirs and paratenic hosts to zoonotic parasites of human beings. Trematode are common parasites of molluscs and almost all trematodes infect mollusks as the first host in the life cycle, and most have a complex life cycle involving other hosts. The significance of auxiliary hosts to the ecology of the parasite has not been proper discussion. There is increasing concern as to the impact of climate change on the epidermiology of many parasitic diseases. A total of 21 species for snail transmitted parasites from Korean molluscs has been reviewed. Among them, 15 species was aquatic mollusks and 6 species for marine mollusks. Maximum infections belonged to Semisulcospira livertina had 11 kind of parasite pathogenic organisms, including Paragonimus westermani, Metagonimus yokogawai, Centrocestus armatus, Notocotylus magniovatus, Centrocestus formosanus, incerte cercaria, nipponensis cercaria, Yoshidae cercaria, cristata cercaria, innominatum cercaria and Metagonimus sp. And 11 in Parafossarulus manchouricus including Clonorchis sinensis, Asymphylodora japonica, Cyathocotyle orientalis, Exorchis oviformis, Notocotylus attenuatus, Echinochasmus japonicus, Loxogenes liberum, Cercariae of Loxogenes liberum Type I, Cercariae of Loxogenes liberum Type II, Furcocercus cercariae (Family Sanguincolidae) and Cercaria of Mucobucaris, 10 in Semisulcospira sp. including Paragonimus westermani, Metagonimus yokogawai, Centrocestus armatus, Echinochasmus redioduplicatus, Notocotylus magniovatus, Cercaria incerte, Cercaria nipponensis, Cercaria yoshidae, paludinarum cercaria and Metagonimus sp., 7 in Koreanomelania globus including Pseudexorchis major, Cercaria of parapleurolophocercous type, Metagonimus sp. (A & B), Cercaria nipponensis, Cercaria inserta and Cercaria yoshidae. Also, Tapes philippinarum have 3 pathogenic organisms including Cercariae tapidis, Cercariae furcocercus and Parvatrema sp. In particular, under climatic extremes such as floods and drought, aquatic molluscs may play a more prominent role in parasite transmission in the future.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.540-547
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• 2015

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, affecting approximately 5% of children. However, the neural mechanisms underlying its development and treatment are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we report that an ADHD mouse model, which harbors a deletion in the Git1 locus, exhibits severe astrocytosis in the globus pallidus (GP) and thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), which send modulatory GABAergic inputs to the thalamus. A moderate level of astrocytosis was displayed in other regions of the basal ganglia pathway, including the ventrobasal thalamus and cortex, but not in other brain regions, such as the caudate putamen, basolateral amygdala, and hippocampal CA1. This basal ganglia circuit-selective astrocytosis was detected in both in adult (2-3 months old) and juvenile (4 weeks old) $Git1^{\check{s}/\check{s}}$ mice, suggesting a developmental origin. Astrocytes play an active role in the developing synaptic circuit; therefore, we performed an immunohistochemical analysis of synaptic markers. We detected increased and decreased levels of GABA and parvalbumin (PV), respectively, in the GP. This suggests that astrocytosis may alter synaptic transmission in the basal ganglia. Intriguingly, increased GABA expression colocalized with the astrocyte marker, GFAP, indicative of an astrocytic origin. Collectively, these results suggest that defects in basal ganglia circuitry, leading to impaired inhibitory modulation of the thalamus, are neural correlates for the ADHD-associated behavioral manifestations in $Git1^{\check{s}/\check{s}}$ mice.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.380-385
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• 2012

Background: Manganese (Mn) has been found to increase the signal intensity of the globus pallidus (GP) on T1-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI). We performed this study in order to determine the features of liver disease that correlate with pallidal signal intensities. Methods: We assessed blood Mn levels and pallidal signals in T1-weighted MRI in 49 patients with liver cirrhosis and 23 healthy controls. Results: Increased signal intensity in the GP was observed in 30 of 49 (61.2%) patients with liver cirrhosis, with the pallidal index (PI) in patients with Child-Pugh classes B and C differing significantly from the PI in controls. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that blood Mn concentrations and Child-Pugh scores in cirrhotics were significantly associated with increased PI after controlling for other confounders (p<0.05 each). Conclusions: Pallidal signals on T1-weighted MRI are mainly observed in advanced liver cirrhosis. The present study suggests that advanced liver cirrhosis may be a human model for manganism.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.287-289
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• 2011

Thalamoperforating artery aneurysms are rarely reported in the literature. We report an extremely rare case of ruptured distal anterior thalamoperforating artery aneurysm which was treated by endovascular obliteration in a patient with occlusion of both the internal carotid arteries (ICAs) : A 72-year-old woman presented with severe headache and loss of consciousness. Initial level of consciousness at the time of admission was drowsy and the Glasgow Coma Scale score was 14. Brain computed tomography (CT) scan was performed which revealed intracerebral hemorrhage in right basal ganglia, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and intraventricular hemorrhage. The location of the aneurysm was identified as within the globus pallidus on CT angiogram. Conventional cerebral angiogram demonstrated occlusion of both the ICAs just distal to the fetal type of posterior communicating artery and the aneurysm was arising from right anterior thalamoperforating artery (ATPA). A microcatheter was navigated into ATPA and the ATPA proximal to aneurysm was embolized with 20% glue. Post-procedural ICA angiogram demonstrated no contrast filling of the aneurysm sac. The patient was discharged without any neurologic deficit. Endovascular treatment of ATPA aneurysm is probably a more feasible and safe treatment modality than surgical clipping because of the deep seated location of aneurysm and the possibility of brain retraction injury during surgical operation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.137-142
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• 2008

In this paper, we describe TIGRIS Grid MPI Service, which is 4he WS-Resource Framework (WSRF) based services to enable an MPI job to be executed on Grid environments. It covers heterogeneous compute resources and diverse MPI libraries. The main functionalities are as follows. First, it allows an MPI user to seamlessly launch a job without knowing how to use the specific MPI library. Secondly, it executes an MPI job on the cross-site resources by supporting the Grid-enabled MPI library such as MPICH-G2. Thirdly, it enables the user to launch a job using the source code without compiling. The service is implemented on top of the services of Globus Toolkit. We provide the user interface as a web portal and CLI(Command Line Interface).

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2005

This paper describes the main characteristics of Grid Services based on OGSA and a Grid service for aggregating service data element(SDE)s. In order to build a Grid Service, it needs to consider a systematic building approach from the high-level software architecture that represents the main system components and their interactions. The purpose of this paper is to design and implement an extended service data aggregator service in which SDE is a basic unit for collecting resource information. A GT3 based service data aggregator service is extended to apply the multiple collections based storage scheme for maintaining persistently SDEs with a XML DBMS Xindice. To provide efficient aggregating service for service data elements, which is running under wide area environment like Internet, the aggregator service is asynchronously operated by notification mechanism.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.85-98
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• 2007

In distributed computing paradigm, mobile surrogate systems have not gained wide acceptance because of security concerns that have not been suitably addressed yet. Currently even the widely used Grid middleware, Globus, does not have a host authentication mechanism, which makes it hard to provide high performance Grid computing capabilities to mobile clients. In this paper, a mobile Grid service framework is designed and implemented in order to provide Grid services to mobile host such as PDA. The surrogate host-based system allows mobile hosts to be provided with Grid services while moving. The implemented mobile Grid services system has been applied to mobile healthcare system which utilizes Grid computing for ECG signal processing. The presented system framework can be used as a secure enterprise mobile healthcare system for hospital physicians.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2 s.70
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• pp.13-21
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• 2007

Objective : Halitosis, or bad breath, is a common concern for many people. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical characteristics of halitosis patients and correlation with their various associated elements. Methods: We surveyed 169 halitosis patients by reviewing questionnaires from the Halitosis Clinic in the Hospital of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University from January 2004 to March 2006. The questionnaires contained various items including sex, age, history of smoking and alcohol intake, duration of symptoms in a week, time and condition of severe halitosis, suggestive origin of halitosis, taste abnormality, oral hygiene, self-assessed halitosis severity, dry mouth, postnasal drip, tonsillolith, globus pharyngeus, reflux sensation, too much gas and Winkel tongue coating index. Volatile sulfur compounds were measured with a $Halimeter^{\circledR}$. Results : The halitosis patients actively carried out management methods such as non-smoking, moderation in drink, teeth brushing and tongue scraping in order to decrease their oral malodor. Tongue coating significantly affected the $Halimeter^{\circledR}$ reading score, and tongue coating and dry mouth significantly affected self-assessed halitosis severity. Conclusions: Our results suggest that tongue coating and dry mouth should be treated to improve satisfaction in halitosis patients.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.147-150
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• 2002

인터넷 기반의 컴퓨팅 환경이 발전함에 따라 자원과 정보의 공유를 위한 그리드 컴퓨팅이 나타나게 되었다. 그리드 컴퓨팅에서는 그리드 응용 수행시 프로그램과 데이터간의 위치가 다르고 분산되어 있는 경우가 많다. 현재 그리드 미들웨어 시장 표준인 글로버스 툴킷(Globus Toolkit$^{TM}$)에서 사용하는 GASS와 같은 그리드 I/O 시스템들이 원격에 있는 관련 데이터들을 로컬 시스템의 데이터에 접근하는 것처럼 처리하는 것을 지원한다. 그러나 GASS(Global Access to Secondary Storage)에서는 원격지의 파일 시스템의 접근시 URL을 이용하는데, 그리드 환경에서의 I/O을 위한 파일 시스템은 복수의 파일 형태로 분산되어있기 때문에 하나의 그리드 응용을 수행할 때 URL 을 동적으로 바꿔저야 하는 문제점을 갖고 있다. 본 논문에서는 URL 보다 상위 개념의 주소 체계인 URI 을 도입하고 이를 RSL과 연계하여 분산 환경의 그리드 I/O에서도 간을 주소 형태로 I/O 처리가 가능하는 등 효율적인 그리드 I/O를 위한 GASS 개선 방안을 제시 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.131-134
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• 2002

초고속 네트워크에 연동된 고성능 컴퓨터 자원들을 효과적으로 활용하려는 그리드 컴퓨팅 연구는 네트워크를 통한 기존의 단순한 정보 공유보다 정보 및 자원의 공유를 더욱 더 밀접하게 결합시키는 것을 가능하게 한다. 이상적인 그리드 컴퓨팅 환경을 구축하기 위해서는 무엇보다도 그리드 환경에 속한 자원들의 정보를 통합적으로 관리 및 서비스하는 것이 무엇보다도 그리드 정보 서비스가 중요하다. 그리드 정보서비스의 역할은 그리드 사용자가 필요한 자원 및 그에 대한 정보를 쉽게 찾을 수 있도록 다양한 검색 기능을 제공하는 것 이외에도, 전세계에 분산된 자원들의 최신 정보를 빠르게 서비스하도록 하여야 한다. 이를 위해서는 그리드 환경의 특성을 고려하여 효율적인 그리드 정보 서비스 아키텍쳐를 구성하는 것이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 그리드 미들웨어인 글로버스 툴킷(Globus $Toolkit^{TM}$)내에 포함된 그리드 정보 서비스를 기반으로 자원 정보의 적응형 캐슁 기법을 이용하여 그리드 정보 서비스 아키텍쳐를 재구성한다. 이를 통해 자원 정보의 일관성을 향상시키면서 기존의 그리드 정보 서비스의 빠른 응답 속도를 제공할 수 있다.