• 자원환경지질
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 1981

Blake Plateau 상(上)의 망간단괴(團塊)는 주(主)로 미정질(微晶質) 내지(乃至) 은미정질(隱微晶質) 토도로카이트와 소량(少量)의 석영(石英), 점토(粘土), 탄산염광물(炭酸鹽鑛物) 및 필 립사이트로 구성(構成)되어 있다. 망간단괴(團塊)는 그 단면(斷面)에서 동심엔층상(同心円層狀), 내핵(內核), 부정합(不整合), 열극충전(裂隙充塡) 등(等)의 육안적(肉眼的) 구조(構造)를 가지고 있고 현미경하(顯微鏡下)에서는 교질상(膠質狀), 비편상(碑片狀) 및 다이아제네시스 구조(構造)가 관찰(觀察)된다. 어떤 기원(起源)의 단괴(團塊)의 조직(組織)에 대(對)하여도 적용(適用)될 수 있는 새로운 교질상(膠質狀) 조직분류(組織分類) 방안(方案)을 발견(發見)하여 체계화(體系化)하였다. 즉(卽) 호상조직(縞狀組織), 혹모양조직(組織) 및 구상조직(球狀組織)의 교질상물질(膠質狀物質)의 3가지 기본(基本) 조직단위(組織單位)가 존재(存在)한다는 것이 밝혀졌으며, 이의 체계적(體系的)인 세분(細分)으로 모든 망간단괴(團塊)의 조직(組織)의 체계적(體系的)인 기술(記述)과 연구(硏究)가 가능(可能)하게 되었다. 3가지 기본(基本) 조직단위(組織單位)의 존재(存在)는 망간 단괴성장(團塊成長)에 있어서 적어도 3가지 주성장방식(主成長方式)이 존재(存在)한다는 것을 지시(指示)해준다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.355-359
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• 1987

(Type A, B 및 C)으로 분류되며, 이들 미끼구조들은 단일 단괴에서도 혼합구조로서 흔히 산출된다. 각 유형은 상이한 화학성분과 구성광물 및 결정도를 나타내며 이 중 A형은 조립질 조직을 갖고있고 다른 유형에 비해 결정도가 높은 Todorokite로 주로 구성되고 Mn의 함량도 놀은 반면에 B와 C형은 중간 내지는 세립질 조직을 갖고 있다$(Mn=30.6\%)$. 또한 A형은 상대적으로 빠른 성장속도를 나타내며, 보트리오이드 사이의 공극에서 Smectite와 규질화석이 나타난다. 이러한 특징은 A형 구조를 갖는 미세한 층(microlayer)의 성인이 해저에서의 열수작용과 관련된 것으로 생각되며, 열수용액은 주변 단열대와 해저확장대로부터 공급된 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.50-61
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• 1999

한국산 개미취속(Aster) 및 근연의 17분류군을 대상으로 잎의 외부형태학적 형질 및 광학현미경과 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 해부학적 형질을 조사하여 이들의 분류학적 가치를 파악하였다. 잎의 외부형태학적 형질에서 엽형은 타원형, 주걱형, 피침형, 선형, 난상삼각형의 5유형으로 동일분류군내에서는 일정하였으며, 분류군간에는 몇가지 유형으로 뚜렷히 구분되었으므로 분류군의 식별형질로 유용하였다. 엽연의 거치는 전연, 예거치, 치아상거치, 결각상거치의 4유형으로 구분되었으나 일부 분류군들에서 개체간에 변이가 나타나므로 이들 식별형질로는 선별적으로 적용되어야 할 것으로 사료되었다. 해부학적형질에서 표피세포의 크기와 형태, 기공의 크기와 단위면적당 분포수, 표면의 cuticle 침적양상은 분류군 간에 뚜렷한 차이점을 보이지 않으나, 기공의 표면존재여부, 기공의 크기, 단위면적당 기공의 분포수, 표피세포의 크기에 의해 일부 분류군들이 구분되었다. 모용은 형태와 모용표면의 무늬양상 및 구성세포의 배열 등에 의해 단열성 과립상 원추형, 단열성 평활상 원추형, 단열성 평활상 사상형, 구형, 2열성 낭상 두상형의 5유형으로 구분되었으며, 동일분류군내에서 다양한 생육환경에도 불구하고 기본적인 형태가 동일함으로 좋은 식별 형질로 판단되었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.53-69
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• 2015

Plants and birds have symbiotic relationship as the birds eat the fruits and disperse its seeds from the different places. Because Brown-eared Bulbul eats various fruits, We investigated the fruits consumed by Brown-eared Bulbul and the distribution of these seeds. Surveys were conducted at several area throughout Jeju Island at least twice a month from 2013 to 2014. We identified the fruits consumed by Brown-eared Bulbul through observation, pictures and interviews from the local residents. Results showed that this species consumed fruits from 82 plant species, belonging to 38 plant families. Thirty nine percent(39%) of these plant species belong to the Rosaceae, Lauraceae, Moraceae, Aquifoliaceae and Vitaceae and 33 species were classified as warm-temperate and subtropical plant which is 40% of the total plant species consumed. Two feeding types, which were gulper type and pecking type were observed for the Brown-eared Bulbul. It was also observed that this species preferred eating fruits of gulping type compared to that of pecking type. The average size of the fruits consumed through gulping was $8.92{\pm}3.41mm$ while it was $45.25{\pm}26.67mm$ for the pecker type. This bird species also consumed more fruits with globular shape compared to those of fruits with ellipse shape. For the fruit color, red and black-colored fruits were more preferred than yellow-colored fruits by Brown-eared Bulbul. Eaten frequency varied from 0.04 to 0.58 and the 10 fruits species were eaten frequently by Brown-eared Bulbul. This study would provide information for the role of Brown-eared Bulbul in the ecosystem as a seed dispersal agent.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2011

Purpose: Globular adiponectin (gAd) is a type of adipocytokine, which is mainly produced by adipose tissue. It has been reported that gAd acts as a pro- as well as an anti-inflammatory factor. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 are pro-inflammatory cytokines. To investigate the role of gAd on periodontal tissues, the expression of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and the effect of gAd on the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 were investigated in periodontal ligament (PDL) and gingival fibroblasts. Methods: PDL and gingival fibroblasts were cultured from human periodontal tissues. gAd derived from Escherichia coli and murine myeloma cells were used. The expression of AdipoR1 was estimated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot The expression of cytokines was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: PDL and gingival fibroblasts expressed both mRNA and protein of AdipoR1. gAd derived from E. coli increased the production of IL-6 and IL-8, but polymyxin B, an inhibitor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), inhibited IL-6 and IL-8 production induced by gAd in both types of cells. gAd derived from murine myeloma cells did not induce IL-6 and IL-8 production in those cells. gAd derived from E. coli contained higher levels of LPS than gAd derived from murine myeloma cells. LPS increased production of IL-6 and IL-8 in PDL and gingival fibroblasts, but pretreatment of cells with gAd derived from murine myeloma cells did not inhibit LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 expression. Conclusions: Our results suggest that PDL and gingival fibroblasts express AdipoR1 and that gAd does not act as a modulator of IL-6 and IL-8 expression in PDL and gingival fibroblasts.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2001

Entomogenous fungi의 수집된 14균주를 대상으로 종내 그룹의 상호 유연관계를 분석하고자 자실체 및 불완전세대의 형태적, 배양적 특징 관찰과 RAPD 검정을 실시하였다. Paecilomyces tenuipes는 수 없이 많은 흰색 분생포자가 자실체에 불어 눈꽃모양을 나타냈으며, 곤봉형 phialides위에 구형 또는 타원형의 분생포자가 연쇄상을 이루었다. Cordyceps militaris는 담황색 자실체가 방망이 모양으로 번데기에서 형성되었으며, 불완전세대는 Verticillium으로 단생의 phialides에 구형의 분생포자가 Acremonium-type으로 부착되어 있었다. Beauveria bassiana는 자루에서 여러마디가 이어지며, 각 마디에서 1개씩 분생포자가 붙어있는 zigzag type이었다. 또한 이들의 배양에 적합한 배지는 PDA, SDAY이며, 평면과 단면구조로 Paecilomyces는 벨벳과 평탄, Cordyceps는 양모상과 중앙융기로 생육하였고, Beauveria는 벨벳에 밀가루를 뿌린 모양이었다. URP primer를 이용한 rDNA의 RAPD분석 결과 증폭된 산물의 크기는 100bp에서 2.0kb사이로 genomic DNA fragment는 $10{\sim}14$개이었다. UPGMA 분석에 의한 dendrogram 작성 결과 다양한 유전적 분화를 나타내었으며, 2개의 군으로 그룹화 하였다. P. tenuipes 그룹의 $94.8{\sim}100%$, C. militaris와 C. scarabaeicola, B. bassiana 그룹은 $54.3{\sim}$100%의 상동성을 보였다. 또한 완전세대의 자실체를 형성하는 C. militaris 그룹은 불완전세대인 P. tenuipes와 B. bassiana보다 종내의 변화의 폭이 컸으며, 종내의 세분화가 이루어졌다.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1994

멜론의 배발생 캘러스의 유도와 식물체 재분화 시스템을 확립하기 위해서 자엽과 배축의 절편을 여러 농도의 2,4-D 와 BA가 첨가된 MS 기본배지에 치상하여 관찰한 결과, 초기배양에서는 4 mg/L 2,4-D와 1 mg/L BA 그리고 2 mg/L 2,4-D+O.1 mg/L BA가 첨가된 배지에서 연한 노란색의 배발생 캘러스가 형성되었고, 위의 조건에서 형성된 캘러스로부터 배발생 캘러스는 0.5와 1 mg/L 2,4-D가 첨가된 동일배지에서 약 75%가 형성되었다. 그리고 생장조절제를 첨가하지 않은 기본배지에서 대부분의 체세포배는 식물체로 재분화되었으며, 두개의 자엽을 갖춘 정상적인 체세포배보다 비정상적인 나팔형의 자엽을 가진 것이 3배 높은 빈도로 나타났다. 이러한 체세포배들은 MS 기본배지에서 식물체로 발아되었으며 생육상에서 생장하여 견실한 열매를 맺었다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2015

Purpose: The selective laser melting (SLM) process for dentistry, which is one of the additive manufacturing technologies (AM) allows for rapid production of a three-dimensional model with complex shape by directly melting metal powder. This process generates detailed items of a three-dimensional model shape through consolidation of a thin powder layer by utilizing both selective melting and laser beam simultaneously. In regard to SLM process, Fe-base powder, Ti-6AI-4V powder, AI-base powder, etc. have been researched. It is believed that the aforementioned technologies will be widely utilized in manufacturing metal parts using metal powder of raw material. This study chose Ni-Cr-Mo metal powder in order to manufacture metal powder materials that would be used in the selective laser melting for dentistry. Methods: This study manufactured metal powder using mechanical alloying technique (MA) among those metal powder manufacturing techniques. Moreover, this study aimed to utilize the metal powder manufactured after observing the characteristics of powder as preliminary data of Ni-Cr-Mo metal powder. This study could obtain the following conclusions within the experimental limitations. Results: As a result of mechanically alloying Ni-Cr-Mo powder over time, its mean particle size was $66.93{\mu}m$ $54.4{\mu}m$ and $45.39{\mu}m$ at 10h, 20h and 30h, respectively. The gtain form of metal powder by mechanical alloying technique was a sponge-like shape of irregular plate; however, the gtain form manufactured by high-pressure water aromization process had the following three types: globular type, chain type and oval type. Conclusion: This study found $37.65{\mu}m$ as the mean particle size of Ni-Cr-Mo metal powder, which was manufactured using water atomization technique under the following conditions: water atomization flux of 300 liter/min, hydraulic pressure of $400kgf/cm^2$ and injection angle of $45^{\circ}$. This study confirmed that the grain form of powder (solid particle form) would vary depending on the manufacturing process.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.118-126
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• 1974

Mulberry plants cultivated in mid-Korea were studied on the growth habitat, canopy type, productive structure and vertical light intensity in relation to the quality of mulberry leaves for sericulture. The growth in length of new branch of summer cut mulberry in spring was vigorous on the uppermost of old shoot. Numbers of leaves on a branch were barely 4 leaves on lower than 20th branch from base, but those were 13 leaves on higher than 24th branch. Area of leaves completely expanded was broad on high branch, but narrow on low one. The form of canopy, the type of productive structure and the vertical light distribution depend upon varieties of cultivated mulberry plants were classified according to characteristic of each variety in two groups, respectively; globular and columnar form in canopy, broad leaves and narrow leaves types in productive structure, and seriously obstructured the light and fairly transmitted the light into lower leaf stratum invertical light distribution. Out of varieties of mulberry investigated, Suwon No. 4 and Rosang were belong to the former characters, but Illchiroe and Kaeryangsubun were to the latters. The values of leaf dry matter index and dry matter production produced by leaves were increased in direct proportion to the height of leaf stratum; the leaf dry matter index of the uppermost leaf was twice as much that of the lowest, and the dry matter production by the highest leaf was 17 times compared with that by the lowest leaf. It is assumed that the meagre leaves occurred in the lower leaf stratum of Suwon No. 4 and Rosang were caused to diminished the dry matter index and dry matter production in the under leaves of plant, which were affected by receiving the weak light.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.170-178
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• 2014

Using the Gleeble test, the effects of [Mn/S] ratios and the presence of sulfides on the high-temperature fracture morphology of heavy-section steel castings were analysed via the observations of the microstructures. The specimens for which the [Mn/S] ratio was in the range of 60~80 showed a ductile fracture morphology with an area reduction of more than 60%, while some specimens with similar [Mn/S] ratios showed a brittle fracture morphology with an area reduction of 0.0% due to the liquidation of sulfides at the grain boundary. The fracture morphology was classified into three types in the Gleeble high-temperature tensile test specimens. The first type showed dimple formation at the grain boundary, the formation of globular MnS sulfides, and plastic deformation of sulfides at an elevated temperature, indicating a needle-point type of ductile fracture with area reductions of 96.0~97.8%. The second type was a knife-edge type brittle fracture with an area reduction of 0.0% due to the film-type liquidation of sulfides at the grain boundary, band-type liquidation, and the liquidation of a terraced nipple pattern. The third type was the typical ductile fracture with an area reduction of 31.3~81.0%, in accordance with the mixture of dimples with in the grains and terraced nipple pattern at the grain boundary.