• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2022

Recently, our society and environment has changed rapidly due to the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus. In this rapidly changing environment, companies fulfill their social responsibilities and require non-financial elements of transparent management activities. ESG has become one of the non-financial factors, and interest of ESG management is increasing worldwide. In this paper, we examine the importance of ESG concept and ESG management performance and the correlation with companies, and examine the necessity of ESG management for companies in the future. The literature reviews are conducted on CU which is currently best practicing ESG management through various secondary data. Also, we used interview articles so that reflect the rich voice of the distribution industry. In addition, after examining ESG characteristics through examples of global companies, we looked at BGF Retail's CU convenience store ESG activities, which is a leader in ESG management, in distribution industry. CU was divided into all sectors of E, S, and G, and all sectors were actively engaged in activities and flexibly coping with changing environments and social needs. In particular, it was confirmed that CU's environmental management, which focuses the most, achieved successful results due to the increase in actual consumption of customers. ESG management activities at CU convenience stores are currently ongoing and future tasks. As a leading company in ESG management in the current industry, it is meaningful to understand the process of growing into a company that shares concerns, efforts, and practical activities and fulfills social responsibility. Through this study, the changes and growth of CU and domestic companies to ESG and sustainable management are expected in the futures.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.313-322
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• 2022

The number of architects who adopt BIM(Building Information Modeling) as the design method are gradually increasing because of its productivity and efficiency. Climate Change and Global Warming lead to legislation of new energy regulations and strengthen existing ones. The current architectural design methods (2D CAD) take a lot of time and effort to verify energy codes and are hard to adjust according to the design changes. The purpose of this study is to show the effectiveness of the BIM in building envelop energy modeling of the housing project. In the process of design method change, We could contribute to increasing productivity and efficiency in building energy verification through BIM because the updated value could be calculated simultaneously without information omission or recalculation process. The procedure for the study is as follows. Using BIM of the Goldin at Essex Crosing Housing Project by Revit 2011 as a case model, this study analyze the criteria for energy plan to conform to the energy code in NYC. The result value from the setting of the Revit model is compared with the reference value required by the NYC Energy Code. Finally, the data from BIM are entered into COMckeck, the energy verification program provided by U.S. Department of Energy, to check whether the building envelope energy performance conforms to NYC Energy Code.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.400-414
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• 2021

Under high-level radioactive waste repository conditions, bentonite as an engineered barrier material undergoes thermal, hydrological, mechanical, and chemical processes. We report the applications of X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) imaging technique on the characterization and analysis of bentonite over the past decade to provide a reference of the utilization of this technique and the recent research trends. This overview of the X-ray CT technique applications includes the characterization of the bentonite either in pellets or powder form. X-ray imaging has provided a means to extract grain information at the microscale and identify crack networks responsible for the pellets' heterogeneity. Regarding samples of pellets-powder mixtures under hydration, X-ray CT allowed the identification and monitoring of heterogeneous zones throughout the test. Some results showed how zones with pellets only swell faster compared to others composed of pellets and powder. Moreover, the behavior of fissures between grains and bentonite matrix was observed to change under drying and hydrating conditions, tending to close during the former and open during the latter. The development of specializing software has allowed obtaining strain fields from a sequence of images. In more recent works, X-ray CT technique has served to estimate the dry density, water content, and particle displacement at different testing times. Also, when temperature was added to the hydration process of a sample, CT technology offered a way to observe localized and global density changes over time.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.27-46
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• 2022

Today, public libraries are contributing deeply to our society by strengthening their ability and services to identify and respond to users' needs through various programs. However, it is difficult to find a study that analyzed the research status of public library programs or changes over time. Therefore, for the purpose of systematically grasping research trends in the field of overseas public library programs, an intellectual structure analysis based on keyword profiling was performed. Specifically, subject terms analysis, network analysis and cluster analysis, and analysis by period/year were performed based on the controlled keywords (subject terms) of journal articles papers searched in the LISTA database. As a result, first, it was found that 9 subjects corresponding to all global/hot/local topics are leading the research in the field of overseas public library programs. Second, five research areas in the field of overseas public library programs(cultural programs, outreach programs, activity programs, public services, community) could be visualized and clearly identified. Third, research in the field of overseas public library programs began in earnest in the late 1990s and was active from the mid-2000s to the early 2010s, and after that, it was found to be somewhat stagnant until recently. This study is the result of specifically identifying research trends on programs that recently emerged as a major task of public libraries, and can be used as basic data and prior knowledge to explore the development direction of public library programs in the future.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.151-164
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• 2022

According to the "2021 Trade Statistics" released by the Korea Customs Service, the number of domestic export companies has decreased by 2,400 since COVID-19, and the number of importers has increased by 10,000. Exporting companies are making a great contribution to the economic development of Korea along with the creation of domestic jobs. At a time when the logistics environment changes rapidly, there are insufficient papers analyzing the impact of eco-friendly logistics strategies of domestic exporters on logistics performance. In order for exporting companies to continue to have global competitiveness and improve logistics performance, it is necessary to analyze the impact of eco-friendly logistics strategies on the logistics performance of exporting companies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of eco-friendly logistics strategies of domestic export companies on logistics performance. The eco-friendly logistics strategy is divided into an internal strategy and a supply chain management strategy. As a result of the analysis, it was analyzed that the internal strategy has a positive effect on the logistics performance of exporting companies, and the supply chain management strategy has a positive effect on the logistics performance of exporting companies. As such, it was analyzed that the eco-friendly logistics strategy of exporting companies is an important resource for companies and serves as the basis for improving the logistics performance of companies.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.671-680
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to suggest the direction of the funeral culture industry suitable for the age of longevity and well-aging through a study on changes in the perception of funeral culture among the elderly. The survey of this paper was conducted by Gallup Korea, and the survey method was a 1:1 individual interview using a structured questionnaire. The survey was conducted from October 1 to October 25, 2021, targeting 127 elderly people over the age of 65 living in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi-do. The number of valid subjects was 110, and the sampling method used was allocation by sex/age/income level/religion. As a result of the study, as for the change in the perception of funeral culture among the elderly, women preferred cremation to men (p=0.034). It was investigated that the level of income (p=0.004) and religious status (p=0.020) had an effect on funerals while alive. According to the presence or absence of thoughts about death, there was a significant difference in the membership of the mutual aid product (p=0.008) and the intention to return to a religious organization (p=0.004) when a memorial service was held. The results of this study are expected to be usefully utilized in presenting the direction and policy of the funeral culture industry suitable for the age of well-aging in the future.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.110-131
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper investigates the implications for facilitating trade in the products of Industry 4.0. To identify the issues caused by the conflicts of policy objectives such as applying the tariff concession under the ITA and imposing the export control, by exploring the case of classification of drones. Design/methodology - We adopted a single case study method to gain a deeper understanding of the complex and multifaceted issues of Customs classification in the context of facilitating trade in the products of Industry 4.0. This study employs the case of drones to explore how these issues of Customs classification affect trade facilitation. We ensured the internal validity of the study by confirming the pattern of the results with the existing theories. Findings - Our main findings can be summarised as follows: the intrinsic nature of the products that converge several technologies causes issues in the classification. The inconsistency in product classification delays customs clearance by hindering the Customs risk-management system that pinpoints products subject to controls. To address the issues, therefore, we proposed fundamental reforms of Customs to empower themselves with management roles. Facilitating trade in the products of Industry 4.0 requires more enhanced Customs capability. Therefore, the reforms should include comprehensive capacity-building activities, such as changes in staff-trainings, promotion system, organisation and culture. Customs also need roles in robust designing of cooperative systems to compensate for the lacks of controls and to ensure concrete risk management for expedited Customs procedures. As well, by equipping the Single Window of Customs with crucial control functions of other ministries, Customs need to support the cooperation. The role of harmonising various preaudits of other ministries with its own is another essential role that ensures predictability of clearance procedure. Originality/value - There are scanty studies in the field of knowledge about what obstacles exist and what solution is available in the course of transforming to 'Industry 4.0'. In filling out the gap of knowledge, this paper is of academic significance in that it applies the research theory on trade facilitation for the specific cases of classification of the product of Industry 4.0 to verify its effectiveness and to extend the subject of the studies to the scope of Industry 4.0. It also has practical significance in that the results have provided implications for reforms of Customs procedures to facilitate trade in the products of Industry 4.0.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.333-345
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• 2021

Amid the rapidly changing logistics environment and demand changes in the post-corona-19 era, the importance of the cold chain logistics sector is being highlighted. The scope of cold chain is not limited to food, but is expanding to various fields such as pharmaceuticals, semiconductors, and flowers. The demand on the storage and transportation of corona vaccines is rapidly increasing. The rapid increase in domestic low-temperature facility construction and renovation may lead to the saturation of the cold chain related industry in the future and slow growth. In preparation for this, it is necessary to accumulate infrastructure know-how using IT technologies, and to consider entering into the UN procurement market as a potential niche market, by taking advantage of Korea's recent global status. The demand for cold chain in the UN procurement market is increasing mainly in underdeveloped countries, and it is expected to continue to grow. In this paper, the capabilities of domestic cold chain related companies were analyzed, domestic and overseas cold chain logistics market trends and overseas market entry status were investigated. An in-depth survey was conducted to present strategies for domestic cold chain logistics related companies to enter the UN procurement market.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.741-750
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• 2022

Objective : In March 2020, World Health Organization declared a global pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The disease caused by this virus is called COVID-19. Due to its high contagiousness, many changes have occurred in overall areas of our daily life including hospital use by patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on volume of spine surgery in South Korea using the National Health Insurance database and compare it with the volume of a homologous period before the pandemic. Methods : Data of related to spine surgery from January 2019 to April 2021 were obtained from the National Health Insurance and Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. Primary outcomes were total number of patients, rate of patients per 100000 population, and total number of procedures. The number of patients by hospital size was also analyzed. Results : COVID-19 outbreaks occurred in South Korea in March, August, and December of 2020. Compared to the previous year, the total number of patients who underwent spinal surgery showed a decrease for 2-3 months after the first and second outbreaks. However, it showed an increasing trend after the third outbreak. The same pattern was observed in terms of the ratio of the number of patients per 100000 population. Between 2019 and 2021, the mean number of spine surgeries per month tended to increase. Mean annual medical expenses increased over the years (p=0.001). When the number of spine surgeries was analyzed by hospital size, proportion of tertiary general hospital in 2021 increased compared to those in 2019 and 2020 (vs. 2019, p=0.012; vs. 2020, p=0.016). The proportion of general hospital was significantly decreased in 2020 compared to that in 2019 (p=0.037). Conclusion : After the COVID-19 outbreak, patients tended to postpone spinal surgery temporarily. The number of spinal surgeries decreased for 2-3 months after the first and second outbreaks. However, as the ability to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic at the hospital and society-wide level gradually increased, the number of spine surgeries did not decrease after the third outbreak in December 2020. In addition, the annual number of spine surgeries continued to increase. However, it should be noted that patients tend to be increasingly concentrated in tertiary hospitals for spinal surgery.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2022

Purpose: The globalization of the Korean restaurant franchise industry differs from the business performance of enhancing the brand image and customers' intention to revisit depending on the degree of localization marketing. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the extent to which the localization marketing activities of overseas Korean restaurant franchise companies affect the customer's perception. This study aims to investigate the effects of localization marketing (Localized Menu, Localized Price, Localized Service Experience, Localized Promotion, Localized Physical Environment) of Korean restaurant franchise companies on customer revisit intention. Research design, data, and methodology: For this study, 150 questionnaires using local Korean restaurants in Beijing, China, were analyzed using SPSS Ver.21 and AMOS Ver.22. Result: It was confirmed that the localized menu, localized service experience, and localized physical environment all affect the intention to revisit customers. Based on these verification results, if overseas franchises fully recognize localization marketing, which is an important factor for local business success, and establish localization strategies, they can gain an edge in competition with local Korean restaurants or restaurant franchises founded by locals. There may be a higher probability that However, it was found that localization price and localization promotion had no mediating effect of brand image between revisit intention and revisit intention. It was found that it had no effect on the degree of inquiry and had a negative effect. Conclusions: Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been many changes in the domestic and overseas food service industry over the past two years. Therefore, in future research, it is necessary to study the localization of overseas Korean restaurant franchise companies that are more multidimensionally subdivided. Various measures of customized localization marketing for optimal regional characteristics should be developed and applied to enhance customer revisiting and brand image of Korean restaurant franchise companies entering overseas. In the future, this study will be meaningful data for the establishment of localization marketing (Localized Menu, Localized Price, Localized Service Experience, Localized Promotion, Localized Physical Environment) strategies for Korean restaurant franchise companies that consider overseas expansion or have already entered.