• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
• /
• v.9
• /
• pp.77-99
• /
• 2002

As current business environment is experiencing radical changes, interest in brands has increased theoretically and practically. The growing interest in brands creates the need for brand equity measurement and management models that help companies manage and fortify brands continuously. Given the situation, this study analyzes effects of brand equity on purchasing behavior of consumers. Outcomes of this study can be employed as integrated brand management system in order to satisfy corporate needs for systematic brand management. This model has been developed in an effort to transcend varied limitations of other previous studies and existing models. Consequently, the practical value of this model is highly expected. Beyond the mere concept of brand for establishing differentiated position against competitors, contents of the study cover extended forms of brand equity and brand performance. This model has been tested through practical applications of fifteen brands from three product categories. Despite several disparities among the categories, the study has revealed that the overall market performance of the brands is correlated with the brand power and other factors in the model. As the importance of brands is growing, brand management is an essential step for power branding. And brand management requires extensive brand diagnosis. The practical results of this study indicate that companies should put an emphasis on brand-oriented management as core strategy of their business.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.83-103
• /
• 2016

This paper examines the characteristics of structural change in the international agro-food trade network with a global trend of the FTA diffusion. By focusing on the centralities and the community structure to identify the agro-food trade network, we use the social network analysis and the trade data contained of 07, 08, 20, and 21 at the 2-digit HS product level among 45 countries over the last 15 years. The main analytical results are as follows: 1) Not only has intra trade network intensified more than inter-regional trade, but also, there is no doubt that inter-regioanl trade by linking has steadily increased. 2) EU countires have the high indices of centrality, which have already been highly integrated. 3) Intraregional agro-food trade network for fresh vegetables and processed food sector in Asia is shown to be strongly integrated. This finding suggests that the processes of economic integration will help strengthen the trade network for agro-food in a culturally homogeneous region. 4) The case of Korea's participation in the RCEP and TPP, Korea's power in the agro-food network tends to be reinforced, especially in the processed food sector. Overall, there is a need for establishment of spatial strategies and policies across the different regions for Mega FTAs.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.59-74
• /
• 2013

The weakness of current water quality monitoring system was reviewed to manage Nakdong river's water quality. The current monitoring system has sampling periods lasting for a week to 10 days, but these-SAMpling periods may not accurately measure the real level of water quality. Therefore, daily sampling and analysis of water samples for nine factors was performed from May 1st 2011 to Sep. 30st 2011 to check the water quality changes at three-SAMpling points, Munsanri (the upper side of Kangjung-Koryung weir), Kangchang (the outlet of the Kumho River) and Samunjin (the lower side of Kangjung-Koryung weir). As demonstrated by the results, concentrations of all nine factors dramatically changed on a daily basis, so daily sampling and analysis of water quality samples may be needed instead of weekly sampling and analysis of water quality samples to ensure the proper management of the Nakdong River's water quality. However, daily observations for all water sampling points are not possible because costs and labors are limited, so that new methods which could support the current monitoring system should be developed.

• ALGAE
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.263-275
• /
• 2020

Water temperature is known to affect the growth and feeding of marine dinoflagellates. Each dinoflagellate species grows well at a certain optimal temperature but dies at very cold and hot temperatures. Thus, changes in water temperatures driven by global warming and extremely high or low temperatures can affect the distribution of dinoflagellates. Yihiella yeosuensis is a mixotrophic dinoflagellate that can feed on only the cryptophyte Teleaulax amphioxeia and the chlorophyte Pyramimonas sp. Furthermore, it grows fast mixotrophically but rarely grows photosynthetically. We explored the direct and indirect effects of water temperature on the growth and ingestion rates of Y. yeosuensis feeding on T. amphioxeia and the growth rates of T. amphioxeia and Pyramimonas sp. under 7 different water temperatures (5-35℃). Both the autotrophic and mixotrophic growth rates of Y. yeosuensis on T. amphioxeia were significantly affected by temperature. Under the mixotrophic and autotrophic conditions, Y. yeosuensis survived at 10-25℃, but died at 5℃ and ≥30℃. The maximum mixotrophic growth rate of Y. yeosuensis on T. amphioxeia (1.16 d^-1) was achieved at 25℃, whereas the maximum autotrophic growth rate (0.16 d^-1) was achieved at 15℃. The maximum ingestion rate of Y. yeosuensis on T. amphioxeia (0.24 ng C predator^-1 d^-1) was achieved at 25℃. The cells of T. amphioxeia survived at 10-25℃, but died at 5 and ≥30℃. The cells of Pyramimonas sp. survived at 5-25℃, but died at 30℃. The maximum growth rate of T. amphioxeia (0.72 d^-1) and Pyramimonas sp. (0.75 d^-1) was achieved at 25℃. The abundance of Y. yeosuensis is expected to be high at 25℃, at which its two prey species have their highest growth rates, whereas Y. yeosuensis is expected to be rare or absent at 5℃ or ≥30℃ at which its two prey species do not survive or grow. Therefore, temperature can directly or indirectly affect the population dynamics and distribution of Y. yeosuensis.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.279-287
• /
• 2011

This research surveyed the effect of endogenous gibberellins (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA) and sugar contents on bulb development and secondary growth in the southern type of garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. Sangdongmaneul and cv. Namdomaneul of Korea. Sangdongmaneul and Namdomaneul showed endogenouse GA, ABA, JA and sugar contents were significantly different in patterns with different cultivar. GA and JA contents of southern type of garlic reached maximum before bulb differentiation and then their contents were decreased. On the other hand, ABA contents gradually increased from bulbing (leaf sheath: 6.58-18.59 $ng{\cdot}g^{-1}$ DW) start. GA contents in Sangdongmaneul and Namdomaneul were not significantly different from each other. These results revealed that GA contents were not affected by secondary growth of garlic. While JA contents (33.0-76.16 $ng{\cdot}g^{-1}$ DW) of Namdomaneul were higher than Sandongmaneul so our results suggest that JA suppressed development of secondary growth of garlic. Total sugar contents of Sandongmaneul and Namdomaneul were not significantly different but total sugar contents were gradually increased after bulb differentiation in Sandongmaneul and Namdomaneul.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.513-518
• /
• 2008

The research of global-scale mass redistribution and it changed by Earth gravity filed variation observations, including Earth's oblateness $J_2$(also called low degree spherical harmonic coefficient $C_{20}$), is in continuous progress. Recently, the comparative analysis of geodetic observation SLR can be made by the development of GRACE and other time-variable gravity measurements. In this study, $C_{20}$ time series changes in the value of comparative analysis was got by GRACE monthly Gravity filed model (CSR RL04) for the period April 2002 to May 2008. And comparative analysis the harmonic coefficients of $C_{20}$ was obtained from SLR observations. Signal analysis for two time-series data was made by wavelet transform, CWT(continuous wavelet transform), XWT(cross wavelet transform) and WTC(wavelet coherence) methods. The results indicate that GRACE and SLR values for $C_{20}$ had both decreasing trend, as well as SLR data represent the annual frequencies, and GRACE was semiannual variations. In addition, the results of GRACE and SLR had a strong correlation with the XWT and WTC in an annual cycle.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.830-837
• /
• 2020

Objectives: This study reports a case of a 66-year-old Korean female with stubborn pruritus and assesses the effectiveness of Korean medical treatment. Methods: A patient was treated with acupuncture, electro-acupuncture, and herbal medicine. We evaluated the improvement in symptoms by changes in global assessment (G/A) and sleep quality. Results: After Korean medical treatment, improvements were observed in G/A, and sleep quality. Skin and excretions turned blue to green, with no abnormal findings on the examination. Conclusions: This study suggests that Korean medical treatment is effective in treating stubborn pruritus caused by prurigo. Further studies are needed.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.197-202
• /
• 2008

In our previous publication we compared the gene expression profiles on hepatotoxicants exposure to assess the comparability between in vivo and in vitro test systems. We investigated global gene expression from both mouse liver and mouse hepatic cell line treated with thioacetamide (TAA) and identified several common genes. In this study, we selected genes to validate them as potential biomarkers for hepatotoxicity on the relevance of in vitro and in vivo system. Three up-regulated, aquaporin 8 (Aqp8), glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1), succinate-CoA ligase, GDP-forming, alpha subunit (Suclg1) and two down-regulated, DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog subfamily C member 5 (Dnajc5) and tumor protein D52 (Tpd52) genes were tested for their effects in vitro. For characterization of gene function, short interfering RNA (siRNA) for each gene was synthesized and transfected in mouse hepatic cell line, BNL CL.2. Cell viability, mRNA expression level and morphological alterations were investigated. We confirmed siRNA transfection against selected five genes induced down-regulation of respective mRNA expression. siRNA transfection in general decreased cell viability in different degrees and induced morphological changes such as membrane thickening and alterations of intracellular structures. This suggests that these genes could be associated with TAA-induced toxicity. Furthermore, these genes may be used in the investigation of hepatotoxicity for better understanding of its mechanism.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.326-335
• /
• 2015

Citrus is an economically important fruit tree with the largest amount of fruit production in the world. It provides important nutrition such as vitamin C and other health-promoting compounds including its unique flavonoids for human health. However, it is classified into the most difficult crops to develop new cultivars through conventional breeding approaches due to its long juvenility and some unique reproductive biological features such as gamete sterility, nucellar embryony, and high level of heterozygosity. Due to global warming and changes in consumer trends, establishing a systematic and efficient breeding programs is highly required for sustainable production of high quality fruits and diversification of cultivars. Recently, reference genome sequences of sweet orange and clementine mandarin have been released. Based on the reference whole-genome sequences, comparative genomics, reference-guided resequencing, and genotyping-by-sequencing for various citrus cultivars and crosses could be performed for the advance of functional genomics and development of traits-related molecular markers. In addition, a full understanding of gene function and gene co-expression networks can be provided through combined analysis of various transcriptome data. Analytic information on whole-genome and transcriptome will provide massive data on polymorphic molecular markers such as SNP, INDEL, and SSR, suggesting that it is possible to construct integrated maps and high-density genetic maps as well as physical maps. In the near future, integrated maps will be useful for map-based precise cloning of genes that are specific to citrus with major agronomic traits to facilitate rapid and efficient marker-assisted selection.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.21 no.spc
• /
• pp.28-38
• /
• 2019

Climate change on the Korean peninsula is progressing faster than the global average. For example, typhoons, extreme rainfall, heavy snow, cold, and heatwave that are occurring frequently. North Korea is particularly vulnerable to climate change-related natural disasters such as flooding and flooding due to long-term food shortages, energy shortages, and reckless deforestation and development. In addition, North Korea is classified as an unmeasured area due to political and social influences, making it difficult to obtain sufficient hydrologic data for hydrological analysis. Also, as interest in climate change has increased, studies on climate change have been actively conducted on the Korean Peninsula in various repair facilities and disaster countermeasures, but there are no cases of research on North Korea. Therefore, this study selects watershed characteristic variables that are easy to acquire in order to apply localization model to North Korea where it is difficult to obtain observed hydrologic data and estimates parameters based on meteorological and topographical characteristics of 16 dam basins in South Korea. Was calculated. In addition, as a result of reviewing the applicability of the parameter estimation equations calculated for the fifty thousand, Gangneungnamdaecheon, Namgang dam, and Yeonggang basins, the applicability of the parameter estimation equations to North Korea was very high.