• 감성과학
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.101-112
• /
• 2016

제품은 사용된 소재에 따라 이미지가 달라지며 전달되는 감성 또한 다르게 느껴지기 때문에 적절한 소재의 선정은 매우 중요하다. 세라믹 제품의 표면에 사용되는 소재는 유약과 소지가 있으며 각각이 가진 속성뿐만 아니라 둘의 조합에 따라서도 표면의 촉감과 색상이 달라진다. 본 연구에서는 감성어휘를 통한 평가 방법을 활용하여 세라믹 표면에 대한 시 촉각적 감성을 알아보고 시각을 활용한 촉감 감성과 촉각을 활용한 촉감 감성을 비교하고자 한다. 국내외 유명 세라믹 제품 기업의 홈페이지에 나타난 제품의 마케팅 어휘 중 감성과 관련된 어휘를 중심으로 수집하여 총 13개의 대표어휘를 선정하였으며 소재의 색상 및 균일도, 광택의 유무에 따라 3개의 유약과 4개의 소지를 조합하여 총 12개의 자극물을 제작하였다. 촉각을 활용한 실험에서는 응답자(그룹T)가 제시된 자극물을 문지르기, 만지기, 들어보기의 행동을 거쳐 감성을 평가하였다. 시각을 활용한 실험에서는 촉감 평가에서 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않은 자극물 3개를 제외한 9개로 평가를 진행하였으며 응답자(그룹V)는 촉각을 활용하지 않고 눈으로 보는 행동만으로 감성을 평가하였다. 촉각을 활용한 감성평가(그룹T)에서 가장 높은 감성 수치를 보인 표면은 백자와 투명유의 조합에 대한 '순수한' 감성이었으며 가장 낮은 감성 수치를 보인 표면은 흑토와 투명유의 조합에 대한 '순수한' 감성으로 나타났다. 한편 시각을 활용한 감성평가(그룹V)에서 가장 높은 감성 수치를 보인 표면도 그룹T와 마찬가지로 백자와 투명유의 조합에 대한 '순수한' 감성으로 나타났으며 가장 낮은 감성 수치를 보인 표면은 흑토와 청자유의 조합에 대한 '캐주얼한' 감성으로 나타났다. 두 그룹의 비교결과 촉각을 통한 감성과 시각을 통한 감성이 모두 유사하게 나타나지는 않으나, '예술적인', '고급스러운', '감각적인', '낭만적인', '신비로운' 감성에서는 시각을 활용하여 촉각을 통한 감성 경험이 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.372-378
• /
• 2009

The coloring agents $Cr_2O_3$ and $CrCl_3$ were manipulated in this study to synthesize ZnO-$Al_2O_3-Cr_2O_3$ system pigments by changing their mixing ratio. The addition of varying amounts of mineralizer was also tested to obtain better color development of the pink pigment. In the synthesis of ZnO- $Al(OH)_3-Cr_2O_3-CrCl_3$ pigments, the best composition is $Cr_2O_3$-0.1 mole and $CrCl_3$-0.2 mole when $Cr_2O_3$ is partially substituted with $CrCl_3$ to synthesize them. Among the $ZnAl_{1.6-x}Cr_{0.2+x}O_4$ compositions to which a mineralizer was not added, ZnO-1mole, $Al(OH)_3$-1.7 mole, $Cr_2O_3$-0.075 mole, and $CrCl_3$-0.15 mole showed a desirable pink hue. The measurements of pigments $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$, were $L^*$ 81.81, $a^*$ 16.65 and $b^*$ 0.45, and when the synthesized pigments were applied to a zinc glaze, the measurements were $L^*$ 60.41, $a^*$ 28.39, and $b^*$ 16.97. When adding a mineralizer, a 2 wt% addition resulted in the most favorable pink color. The composition for the most favorable result that included a mineralizer was $Al(OH)_3$-1.8 mole, $Cr_2O_3$-0.05 mole, and $CrCl_3$-0.1 mole, and the calcination temperature was $1250^{\circ}C$. The pigment color analysis showed $L^*$ 82.52, $a^*$17.14 and $b^*$-1.18, and the measurements of $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$ in the glaze were $L^*$ 60.97, $a^*$ 28.77 and $b^*$ 13.72.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.259-264
• /
• 2020

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the color stability of provisional restorative materials fabricated by 3D printing, dental milling, and conventional materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS. For the experimental groups, two commercially available 3D-printing provisional resins (E-Dent 100; EnvisionTEC GmbH, Germany & VeroGlaze™; Stratasys^®, USA), two dental milling blocks (PMMA Disk; Yamahachi Dental Co., Japan & Telio^®CAD; Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Liechtenstein), and two conventional materials (Alike™; GC Co., Japan & Luxatemp automix plus; DMG, Germany) were used. The water sorption and solubility test were (n=10, respectively) carried out according to ISO4049:2000 (International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland). For the color stability test (n=10), coffee and black tea were used as staining solutions, and the specimens were stored for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD using SPSS version 22.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA) (P<.05). RESULTS. Alike and Veroglaze showed the highest values and Luxatemp showed the lowest water sorption. In the color stability test, the ΔE of conventional materials varied depending on the staining solution. PMMA milling blocks showed a relatively low ΔE up to 4 weeks, and then significantly increased after 8 weeks (P<.05). 3D-printed materials exhibited a high ΔE or a significant increase over time (P<.05). CONCLUSION. The degree of discoloration increased with time, and a visually perceptible color difference value (ΔE) was shown regardless of the materials and solutions. PMMA milled and 3D-printed materials showed more rapid change in discoloration after 8 weeks.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제48권4호
• /
• pp.303-306
• /
• 2011

[ $V_2O_5$ ]doped Karrooite pigments were synthesized by the solid state method to get stabilized brown pigment in oxidation and reduction atmosphere. Optimum substitution condition and limited dopant with $V_2O_5$ for Karrooite pigment was investigated. With calcination at $1250^{\circ}C{\sim}1400^{\circ}C$, compositions were designed varying $V_2O_5$ molar ratio by increasing 0.02mole to the formula $Mg_1-xTi_2-xM_{2x}O_5$(x = 0.01~0.09 mole). Synthesized pigments were analyzed by XRD, Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis. When $V_2O_5$ was doped from 0.01 to 0.05 mole, single phase of Karrooite was observed at temperature $1300^{\circ}C$ and soaking time 4h by Raman spectroscopy. However, it was found that excess $VO_2$ peak appeared with 0.07 and 0.09 mole of $V_2O_5$ doped to $MgTi_2O_5$. This result indicated that the maximum limit of solid solution is 0.05 mole $V_2O_5$. Karrooite pigments were applied as a ceramic pigment to achieve brown colors in lime magnesia glaze and lime barium graze at both of oxidation and reduction atmosphere. CIE color coordinates are $L^*$ = 40.34, $a^*$ = 9.94, $b^*$ = 21.40 in lime magnesia glaze.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.43-47
• /
• 2014

NiO-doped hibonite pigments were synthesized by the solid state method to get stabilized blue color pigment in both oxidation and reduction atmospheres. Optimum substitution condition with NiO for hibonite blue pigment was investigated. Experimental results were comparable to those of previous cobalt-minimization studies performed with other phosphate- or oxide-based cobalt-containing ceramic pigments (having olivine ($Co_2SiO_4$), spinel ($CoAl_2O_4$), or with co-doped willemite ($(Co,Zn)_2SiO_4$) structures). Composition was designed varying the NiO molar ratio increasing with $SnO_2$. The optimum substitution content is 0.93 mole NiO with 0.75mole $SnO_2$. The characteristics of the synthesized pigment were analyzed by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and UV-vis. Synthesized pigment was applied to a lime-barium glaze with 10 wt% each and fired at an oxidation atmosphere of $1250^{\circ}C/1h$ and a reducing atmosphere $1240^{\circ}C/1h$. Blue color was obtained with $L^*a^*b^*$ values at 43.39, -6.78, -18.20 under a reducing atmosphere and 41.66, -6.36, -14.7 under and oxidation atmosphere, respectively.

• 박물관보존과학
• /
• 제8권
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 2007

미술부에서는 "한·중 도자교류전" 연구집에 개제할 목적으로 소장품 중 한·중 금채자기의 금채기법을 보존과학팀에 조사의뢰하였다. 대상 소장품은 금을 사용하여 도자기 유약 층을 장식한 개성 106 청자상감수하원문금채편호 고려청자 1점과 중국 송나라시기에 제작된 본관 10011 천목다완, 본관2027 시유초화접문화금완, 덕수3322시유완이다. 조사 결과, 금채장식의 안정화 방법은 고운 금분에다 매용제 성분을 혼합하여 채식을 한 후 저온에서 번조한 것은 유사하였지만, 채식처리방법에서는 다소 차이가 있었다. 즉, 고려 화금청자는 화려한 상감기법 위에 세필로 일일이 금채장식을 하였다면 중국 화금자기는 아무런 장식이 없는 도자기 유약면에 나비나 당초문을 스텐실 기법으로 장식한 것이 큰 차이이다. 이런 조사결과에 따라 일부 박락된 금채 부분을 새롭게 복원한 결과, 제작 당시 화금자기가 얼마나 화려한 자기이었는지를 확인할 수가 있었다.

• 보존과학회지
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.345-358
• /
• 2018

부산 녹산동 가마터에서 출토된 12세기 조질청자를 중심으로 가마터 4기에서 출토된 35점을 분석 시료로 선정하고 색도, 비중 및 흡수율, 미세구조 관찰과 태토와 유약의 조성을 분석하였다. 청자의 태토 색도는 가마에 상관없이 모두 비슷했으며 4 5호 가마 출토 선정 도편은 2 3호보다 명도가 어둡고, 채도는 회색계와 갈색계로 구분된다. 유약은 적색과 황색의 기여도가 높은 편이다. 선정된 도편의 기공률은 회색계 8.8%이고 갈색계 16.1%로 태토 색상에 따라 차이를 보인다. 태토와 유약의 주성분은 청자의 전형적인 성분 범주에 속하지만 $TiO_2$의 함량이 차이가 있다. 2 3호 가마와 4 5호 가마 청자의 가시적 차이는 사용 원료보다 수비 및 번조공정에 따른 것으로 볼 수 있으며 $Fe_2O_3$와 $K_2O$의 함량 차이는 공정 과정에서 배합기술의 변화를 시도한 결과로 볼 수 있다. 결론적으로 녹산동 청자는 초벌과정 없이 태토에 유약을 바른 후 한 번에 구웠던 제작 공정으로 인하여 태토가 충분히 자화되지 못했으므로 양질의 청자를 제작하기 위하여 가마별로 공정 차이가 있었을 가능성이 높다고 생각된다.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제21권9호
• /
• pp.515-519
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal firing condition and composition for $Al_2TiO_5$ crystal, which is suitable for stable coloration in glazes at high temperatures, using $Cr_2O_3$ as chromophore for the synthesis of $Al_2TiO_5$ system pigments. $Al_2TiO_5$ has a high refractive index and good solubility of chromophore in the $Al_2TiO_5$ lattice, making this structure a good candidate for the development of new ceramic pigments. Pigments were synthesized by using $Al_2O_3$ and $TiO_2$ mainly. Various amounts of $Cr_2O_3$ such as 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 mole were also added. Each compound was synthesized at $1300^{\circ}C$, $1400^{\circ}C$, and $1500^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours and cooled naturally. The crystal structure, solubility limit, and color of the synthesized pigments were analyzed by XRD, SEM, Raman spectroscopy, UV and UV-vis. The changes in color as the result of applying 6 wt% of the synthesized pigments to lime barium glaze were expressed as CIE-L*a*b* values. A $Cr_2O_3$ 0.03 mole doped $Al_2TiO_5$ brown pigment was successfully synthesize at $1400^{\circ}C$, and the values of CIE-L*a*b* parameters were L* = 44.62, a* = 3.10, and b* = 17.25. In the case of the pigment synthesized at $1500^{\circ}C$, the brown color was obtained at 0.01 mole and 0.02 mole $Cr_2O_3$, and the CIE-L*a*b* values were 55.34, 1.73, 28.64, and 49.39, 0.51, 21.33, respectively. At $1500^{\circ}C$, the maximum limit of solid solution was 0.03 mole $Cr_2O_3$. The glazed sample showed green color, and the values of the CIEL* a*b* parameters were L* = 45.69, a* = -0.98, and b* = 20.38.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.215-222
• /
• 2019

PURPOSE. To evaluate the polishing effect on roughness and color change of pressed and layering ceramics after immersion in coffee solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 88 ceramic discs ($1.0mm{\times}10.0mm$) were manufactured - 44 nano-fluorapatite layering ceramics (IPS e.max Ceram. Group C) and 44 pressed lithium disilicate ceramic discs (IPS e. max Press - Group P). Each group was divided into 4 subgroups according to surface treatments: (G) Glaze, (S) Shofu polishing system (Shofu Inc.), (E) Edenta AG polishing System, (KG) $30-{\mu}m$ diamond granulation tip. Surface roughness (Ra) and color change (${\Delta}E$) measurings after the surface treatments were performed, before and 12 days after the immersion in coffee solution. A samples' qualitative analysis was conducted with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were statistically-treated with one-way-ANOVA and Duncan's tests, apart from paired t-test and Pearson's correlation test (${\alpha}=5%$). RESULTS. The decrescent order, both for surface roughness (Ra) and ${\Delta}E$ for both ceramics were: KG > E > S > G (P<.05). With exception for PG and CG subgroups, which did not present statistical difference between them, all other pressed ceramics subgroups presented smaller Ra values and greater ${\Delta}E$ values than the layering ceramics subgroups (P<.05). CONCLUSION. Although mechanical polishing systems presented intermediate Ra values, their colors were considered clinically acceptable. There is a strong correlation between the surface roughness and the color change of tested ceramics.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.50-57
• /
• 2018

PURPOSE. To investigate the effect of accelerated aging on surface properties of glazed CAD/CAM resin blocks using a 2D surface profilometer and a 3D non-contact optical profilometer. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three types of CAD/CAM resin restorative materials, LAVA Ultimate (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA), VITA Enamic (Vita Zahnfabrik H. Rauter, Bad $S\ddot{a}ckingen$, Germany), and Cerasmart (GC Corparation, Tokyo, Japan) were used for this study. CAD/CAM blocks were cut in 3-mm thickness slabs and divided into three groups; Group 1: control group (specimens polished with 600 grit SCI paper); Group 2: specimens sandblasted, silanized, and glazed with Optiglaze Color (GC); Group 3: glazed specimens subjected to 5000 thermocycles (n=15). The surface roughness ($R_a$ and $R_z$) was evaluated using a profilometer and a 3D scanning instrument. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post- hoc test (P<.05). RESULTS. LAVA, VITA, and Cerasmart exhibited statistically similar $R_a$ and $R_z$ values for each group (P>.05). For VITA and Cerasmart, the specimens in Group 1 exhibited significantly higher $R_a$ values than Group 2 (P<.05). Group 1 ($0.502R_a$), Group 2 ($0.384R_a$), and Group 3 ($0.431R_a$) exhibited statistically similar $R_a$ values for LAVA (P=.062). After 5000 thermocycles, surface roughness values did not change significantly for glazed LAVA, VITA, and Cerasmart (P>.05). CONCLUSION. Glaze material Optiglaze Color makes CAD/CAM resin surfaces smooth and glazed CAD/CAM surfaces seem resistant to deterioration under 5000 thermocycles.