• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.216-223
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• 2003

This experiment was carried out to investigation the growth differentiation between direct sowing and transplanting on P. ginseng cultivated on field and underwood. The results were as follows: In direct sowing treatment, emergence rate of P. ginseng cultivated on field and under conifer forest was above 80%, but it was only 40% at cultivated under broad-leaved forest. And survival rate was directly diminished about 10% every year. In transplanting treatment, survival rate was also diminished every year, it was slighter than that of direct sowing treatment. The growth amount of P. ginseng cultivated underwood was poor, compared to field culture, but there was no significant between conifer forest and broad-leaved forest. In transplanting treatment of 1 to 6 year-root seedling, survival rate of P. ginseng cultivated underwood was equal or slightly good compared to that of cultivated on field. Among seedling age, survival rate of elder seedling was lower than that of younger seedling. In P. ginseng cultivated underwood, the annual growth increment of 1 and 2 year-root seedling increased slowly and continually, whereas, that of 3 to 6 year-root seedling stopped or decreased slightly.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Korean red ginseng (KRG) on ocular blood flow in patients with glaucoma. In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked crossover trial, 36 patients with open-angle glaucoma were consecutively recruited. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A received 1.5 g KRG, administered orally three times daily for 12 weeks, followed by a wash-out period of 8 weeks and 12 weeks of placebo treatment (identical capsules filled with 1.5 g corn starch). Group B underwent the same regimen, but took the placebo first and then KRG. Blood pressure, heart rate, and intraocular pressure were measured at baseline and at the end of each phase of the study. Visual field examination and ocular blood flow measurements by the Heidelberg Retina Flowmeter were performed at baseline and at the end of each phase of the study. Changes in blood pressure, heart rate, intraocular pressure, visual field indices, and retinal peripapillary blood flow were evaluated. Blood pressure, heart rate, intraocular pressure, and visual field indices did not change after placebo or KRG treatment. After KRG treatment, retinal peripapillary blood flow in the temporal peripapillary region significantly improved (p=0.005). No significant changes were found in retinal peripapillary blood flow in either the rim region or the nasal peripapillary region (p=0.051 and 0.278, respectively). KRG ingestion appears to improve retinal peripapillary blood flow in patients with open-angle glaucoma. These results imply that KRG ingestion might be helpful for glaucoma management.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.24 no.4 s.65
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• pp.179-182
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• 1986

The white grubs were collected from ginseng field and fallow lands to examine their external morphology and species components. They were divided into 3 subfamilies, i.e., Melolonthinae, Rutellinae, and Sericinae by the shape of anal slit and/or presence of elevated lines in stridulating area of mandible. Eight species were identified by means of comparing the shape of anal slit, setal arrangement of decasternite, and frontoepicranial series of setae. Larvae of Holotrichia diomphalia and H. morosa were observed to damage ginseng root in field.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.552-562
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• 2020

Background: Ginsenosides are the unique and bioactive components in ginseng. Ginsenosides are affected by the growing environment and conditions. In New Zealand (NZ), Panax ginseng Meyer (P. ginseng) is grown as a secondary crop under a pine tree canopy with an open-field forest environment. There is no thorough analysis reported about NZ-grown ginseng. Methods: Ginsenosides from NZ-grown P. ginseng in different parts (main root, fine root, rhizome, stem, and leaf) with different ages (6, 12, 13, and 14 years) were extracted by ultrasonic extraction and characterized by Liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Twenty-one ginsenosides in these samples were accurately quantified and relatively quantified with 13 ginsenoside standards. Results: All compounds were separated in 40 min, and a total of 102 ginsenosides were identified by matching MS spectra data with 23 standard references or published known ginsenosides from P. ginseng. The quantitative results showed that the total content of ginsenosides in various parts of P. ginseng varied, which was not obviously dependent on age. In the underground parts, the 13-year-old ginseng root contained more abundant ginsenosides among tested ginseng samples, whereas in the aboveground parts, the greatest amount of ginsenosides was from the 14-year-old sample. In addition, the amount of ginsenosides is higher in the leaf and fine root and much lower in the stem than in the other parts of P. ginseng. Conclusion: This study provides the first-ever comprehensive report on NZ-grown wild simulated P. ginseng.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.674-679
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• 2006

Biodiversity of yeasts was investigated in the ginseng cultivation field. Among 34 isolates tested in this study, 26 isolates belonged to the hymenomycetous yeast group. These 26 strains were classified into 12 species including four new-species candidates that did not have clear affiliation to any established species. Seven isolates among the remaining strains were classified into three ascomycetous yeast species, and one isolate was identified as a urediniomycetous yeast species.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.139-145
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• 2001

The objective of experimental study is to apply simultaneous measurement by PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry) to high_speed flow characteristics within ginseng cleaner model. Three different kinds of flow rate(15. 20, 27l/min) are selected as experimental condition. Optimized cross correlation identification to obtain velocity distribution, time-mean velocity distribution, velocity, profile, kinetic energy and turbulence intensity are represented quantitatively for the deeped understanding of the flow characteristics in a ginseng cleaner model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.65-68
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• 2002

This study was conducted to secure the structural safety and to build fundamental data for development of controlled environment facilities in ginseng cultivation. Shading structures of ginseng cultivation were classified with materials, structural forms, and detailed setups. They are wood or steel pipe, single or multi span, and frame or cable type. For structures having representative forms and dimensions, modeling for structural analysis was builded by SAP2000. And there was almost no farm carrying out the environmental management specially.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 1991

Female rats of two groups (6 and 27 months) were tested in the passive avoidance test to investigate the age-dependency of the learning ability. The results showed a significantly better avoidance behavior in the young adult animals compared to the older ones. The influence of a 13-day treatment with Panax ginseng (30 mg/kg/d, oral) on 27 month old rats caused a considerably prolonging of the latency time in comparison to the untreated control group of the same age. In the open field the treated rats exhibited neither an altered locomotion nor exploration nor a changed emotional reactivity which could explain the improved avoidance reaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.129-130
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• 1981

The potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella, is an occasional pest to tobacco plants in southern regions of Korea. In order to screen effective pesticides against the worm in tobacco leaves, pot and field experiments were carried out in 1981. In the pot experiment with a tobacco variety, Hicks, several effective organic phosphates (Dimecron- LQ 50, Dursban-WP 25, Ekalux-EC 25. Elsan-EC 47.5, and EPN-EC 45), out of 9 Pesticides tested, were solecte4 from their high mortality of more than 90%. Among these Pesticides Ekalux- EC 25 and Elsan- EC 47.5 were recommended to tobacco growers from their excellent efficacy in the field experiment with a tobacco variety, Burley 21.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.383-389
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• 2019

Background: Ginseng has been used as a medicine and functional food since ancient times. It is a perennial crop, and its whose commercial valuse increases with growing period and is affected by the atmosphere and soil environment. Methods and Results: In a selected field, we measured air temperature under a shade structure and soil physicochemical properties, and determied plant and root growth as well as ginsenoside and total polyphenol content of one- to five-year-old ginsengs plants. Although air temperature above 30℃ was recored for more than 37 days, no marked growth inhibition of ginseng was detected. Among all soil physicochemical properties, except for pH, were within the allowable range the shortage increases with ginseng years. In five-year-old ginseng, the quantity is about 9.7% higher than the average weight by standard, indicating that is not affected by temperature when grown under a shade structure. Three-year-old ginseng contained the highest total ginsenoside and total polyphenol levels and exhibited the greatest DPPH radical scavenging activity. Conclusions: The total ginsenoside and protopanaxadiol/protopanaxatriol ratio were both low at five-year-old ginseng plants, which was attributed to rapid growth of the root system in five-year-oid plants. There were no significant differences in total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity between.