• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.46-46
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• 2019

The experiments were performed in the Jinan (elevation: 300 meters above sea level), Jeollabuk-do. Seedlings (n = 63 per $3.3m^2$) of ginseng cultivar (Cheonpung, Yeonpung) were planted on April 10, 2015. Shading material of plastic film house was blue-white film. Before the Planting seedling, silicate (3 kg/10 a) or chitosan (40 kg/10 a) was fertilized and foliar sprayed on the leaves 1000 times dilution solution once a month from May to September every year. The growth results of 5-year old ginseng surveyed in 2018 are as follows. The average air temperature in the plastic film house was the highest at $26.6^{\circ}C$ and $26.5^{\circ}C$ in July and August, respectively, and the highest temperature was $40.5^{\circ}C$ in July. The maximum daily temperature of $35^{\circ}C$ or more was 30 days, with the average soil temperature being $24.9^{\circ}C$ in August. The chemical properties of the test soil are as follows. pH was 6.4~6.9 level and EC was 0.35~0.46 dS/m. The organic matter content was 33.5~41.4 g/kg, and available-P content was 251.9~306.8 mg/kg. Exchangeable cations contents, such as K, Ca and Mg were all the appropriate ranges. The soil microbial density surveyed by the dilution plate method was 10~50 times higher than that of control (Non-treatment) and actinomycete density was 3~6 times higher. Pathogens of the genus Fusarium by Metagenome analysis decreased 91.3% and 68.2% respectively in the foliar sprayed of chitosan and soluble-silicate. The light intensity (PAR) in the blue-white film plastic film house gradually increased until July and then decereased, with the average of light intensity in March-October was $120.3umol/m^2/s$. The growth of aerial parts such as plant height and stem length was better than non-sprayed group in silicate or chitosan treatments and Yeonpung cultivar was superior to the Cheonpung cultivar. The SPAD value was higher in Yeonpung cultivar foliar sprayed with soluble-silicate. The growth of underground parts such as root length and taproot length were better in chitosan and soluble-silicate treatment than control, especially in Yeonpung cultivar foliar sprayed with chitosan was good in taproot length and taproot diameter, and fresh weight of root was 60.1 g. Ginsenoside contents were 24.9 mg/g and 22.4 mg/g, in the Cheonpung cultivar foliar sprayed with soluble-silicate or chitosan respectively, 28% and 15% higher than control (19.5 mg/g). The incidence of disease by Alteraria panax and Botrytis cinerea was 3~9% and 4~9%, respectively. High temperature damage rate was 3~5%.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2020

Background: Although a number of Panax ginseng cultivars have been developed by Korean researchers in recent years, there has been insufficient analysis of their beneficial properties. In this study, we sought to identify useful ginseng varieties as functional materials. Methods and Results: We evaluated effects of root extracts of 10 ginseng cultivars (Cheongsun; CS, Chunpoong; CP, Gopoong; GP, Gumpoong; GMP, K1, Sunhyang; SH, Sunone; SO, Sunpoong; SP, Sunun; SU and Yunpoong; YP) against the inhibitory effects of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in mouse brain microglial BV2 cells, as well as the binding of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), a marker related to memory. Ginsenosides, such as 20 (S)-protopanaxadiols (PPDs), including ginsenoside-Rb1, -Rb2, -Rb3, -Rc, -Rd, and - Rg3 and 20 (S)-protopanaxatriols (PPTs) including -Re, -Rg1, and -Rg2 were analyzed by HPLC. We observed that the cultivar GMP showed the highest inhibitory effect (60.8%) against NO production at 20 ㎍/㎖. Those cultivars showing the significantly highest inhibition effects against ROS at 20 ㎍/㎖ were K1 (57.3%), SP (54.5%), YP (53.1%), CP (51.7%), CS (50.9%) and SH (49.6%). At 50 ㎍/㎖, K1 showed the most potent inhibitory effect (51.2%) on NMDAR binding. The total phenol content of SH (1.89 mg/g) and K1 (1.73 mg/g) were higher than those of the other cultivars, whereas in terms of PD/PT ratios, the values of CP (0.98), K1 (1.05) and SO (1.05) were lower than those of the other cultivars. On the basis of correlation coefficient (0.7064) between NMDAR inhibition and ONOO^- scavenging activity. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that the cultivars K1 and SH could be useful ginseng resources as functional materials with favorable cognition-improving and antioxidative properties.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2014

To determine whether Fourier transform (FT)-IR spectral analysis combined with multivariate analysis of whole-cell extracts from ginseng leaves can be applied as a high-throughput discrimination system of cultivation ages and cultivars, a total of total 480 leaf samples belonging to 12 categories corresponding to four different cultivars (Yunpung, Kumpung, Chunpung, and an open-pollinated variety) and three different cultivation ages (1 yr, 2 yr, and 3 yr) were subjected to FT-IR. The spectral data were analyzed by principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis. A dendrogram based on hierarchical clustering analysis of the FT-IR spectral data on ginseng leaves showed that leaf samples were initially segregated into three groups in a cultivation age-dependent manner. Then, within the same cultivation age group, leaf samples were clustered into four subgroups in a cultivar-dependent manner. The overall prediction accuracy for discrimination of cultivars and cultivation ages was 94.8% in a cross-validation test. These results clearly show that the FT-IR spectra combined with multivariate analysis from ginseng leaves can be applied as an alternative tool for discriminating of ginseng cultivars and cultivation ages. Therefore, we suggest that this result could be used as a rapid and reliable F1 hybrid seed-screening tool for accelerating the conventional breeding of ginseng.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.38-48
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• 2020

중국산과 국내산 홍삼 농축액의 혼합비율에 따는 원산지 판별 가능성을 검토하기 위해 전자코를 이용하여 향기 패턴을 분석하였다. 중국산 홍삼 농축액과 국내산 홍삼 농축액의 원산지 판별이 가능하였고 중국산 홍삼농축액의 혼합비율이 증가할수록 검출되어지는 향기 성분의 패턴은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. Frequency pattern, derivative pattern을 Vapor print^TM 으로 도형화 하여 비교한 결과 서로 다른 패턴을 보여주어 중국산 홍삼 농축액 첨가비율에 따른 차이는 물론 원산지의 차이도 뚜렷하게 나타났다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.172-177
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• 1998

The culture filtrate of Streptomyces sp. B25, which was identified in this experiment, was tested for the control of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) with the susceptible tobacco cultivar, NC 82, under the field conditions following the preliminary examination of its characters for TMV control. Control efficacy of the culture filtrate against TMV infection continued over 50% up to 6 days after treatment, and its systemic effect was about 30% of the direct effect. In field conditions control efficacy of the culture filtrate against TMV infection was 95.3 % at 2 weeks after TMV inoculation, and decreased to 58.3 % at 3 weeks after inoculation. Five fold-dilution of the culture filtrate showed about half of the control efficacy by the stock culture filtrate. Analysis of the antibiotic material responsible for the inhibition of TMV infection through nuclear magnetic resonance experiments revealed that the antibiotic is antimycin $A_1$, which is firstly reported as an anti-phytoviral antibiotic in this experiment.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.480-488
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• 2015

Background : In order to determine the effects of planting methods on root growth of ginseng varieties, two different methods, direct seed sowing and transplanting were compared in terms of their effects on different root growth characteristics. Methods and Results : Higher fresh root weight was observed in ginseng grown by direct seed sowing. Direct seed sowing of three cultivars (Sunhyang, Chungsun and K-1) resulted in higher yield, whereas no difference was observed in the yield of one cultivar (Chungsun). Gumpoong was highly tolerant to physiological stress, as it showed fewer symptoms of rusty and rough skin root diseases in both direct seed sowing and transplanting. The average main root length per total root length of ginseng grown by direct seed sowing was 33.6%, whereas that of ginseng grown by the average of those by transplanting was 22.4%. Other root growth characteristics, including root length, main root diameter, and number of side roots, improved when the direct seed sowing method was used. Conclusions : To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the differences in root growth parameters of ginseng varieties grown by direct seed sowing or transplanting at the same planting density. Because of the advantages of direct sowing during ginseng planting, developing new varieties and improving cultivation methods are imperative.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.15-18
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• 2008

인삼의 부위별 진세노사이드 패턴 유사성과 상관관계를 알아보고자 본 시험을 수행하였다. 진세노사이드 단위함량과 총함량은 고풍이 각각 18.9 mg/g, 596 mg/g으로 가장 높았고 연풍, 금풍, 선풍이 뒤를 이었으며, 천풍은 각각 8.0 mg/g, 209.5 mg/g으로 고풍의 절반에도 미치지 못하였다. 부위별로 보면 뇌두의 진세노사이드 단위함량과 총함량은 연풍이 가장 높았으며, 동체와 지근 및 세근에서는 고풍이 높았다. 뿌리와 각 부위의 진세노사이드 패턴 유사성은 지근과 뇌두가 각기 0.95, 0.94로 높았으며 동체와 세근은 각기 0.78, 0.80으로 다소 낮았다. 지근에서 품종별 진세노사이드 패턴 유사성을 보면 천풍, 연풍, 고풍, 금풍이 각기 0.98, 0.98, 0.96, 0.98로 아주 높았으며, 선풍은 0.87로 다소 낮았다. 뿌리와 각 부 위의 진세노사이드 상관계수는 지근에서 0.843으로 가장 높았으며 동체, 세근, 뇌두 순으로 낮아졌다. 또한 단위함량과 총 함량의 상관계수는 0.933으로 매우 높게 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.862-866
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• 2002

분말상태의 인삼속 식물들의 품종 및 원산지를 판별하기 위하여 SAW 센서가 내장된 PHGC를 이용하여 향기 패턴을 분석하였다. 한국 백삼을 1로 기준할 때 전체적인 Rt에 대한 frequency pattern의 면적비는 화기삼 $0.248{\sim}0.871$, 전칠삼 $0.030{\sim}0.674$, 중국산 백삼 $0.005{\sim}0.212$ 범위로 나타났다. 분명한 차이를 나타내는 몇 개의 특정 향기성분의 면적비를 보면 $Rt_{20.02}$에서 한국산 백삼 1일 때, 중국산 백삼 0.212, 화기삼 0.343, 전칠삼 0.065이었다. 또한 $Rt_{21.70}$과$Rt_{24.90}$에서 검출되는 향기성분의 면적비도 품종간의 차이가 뚜렷하였다. 한국산 백삼과 중국산 백삼에서 검출된 Rt_26.15 향기성분의 면적비는 각각 1과 0.185로 나타나 원산지간의 차이도 분명히 나타났다. $Rt_{26.15}$의 향기성분은 화기삼과 전칠삼에서는 검출되지 않았다. Frequency pattern, derivative pattern을 Vapor $print^{TM}$을 사용하여 도형화하여 비교한 결과 한국 백삼(Korean Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), 화기삼(미국삼, 서양삼, Panax quinquefolium L.), 전칠삼(Panax notoginseng F.H. Chen), 중국산 백삼(Chinese Panax ginseng)은 서로 다른 패턴을 보여주어 품종간의 차이는 물론 원산지의 차이도 뚜렷하게 나타났다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.434-438
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• 2008

To selection of optimal shading material, two-year-old ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) of new cultivar, 'Cheonpoong' (CP), and native species 'Hwangsookjong' (HS) were cultured under three kinds of shading materials such as three-layered blue and a one-layered black PE (polyethylene) net (TBSB), blue PE sheet (BS), and aluminium coated PE sheet (AS) in imperfectly drained paddy soil. Growth characteristics, yield and ginsenoside contents were investigated under three shading materials. Yield and ginsenoside contents of ginseng were distinctly affected by intensity and quality of sunlight penetrated through shading materials. Light transmission ratio, air and soil temperature according to shading materials were higher in order of BS, AS, and TBSB. However, ratio of aerial phase and porosity of the soil were higher in order of AS, BS, and TBSB, respectively. There was no significantly difference in the ratio of rusty colored root by shading materials. CP showed higher stem length, leaf area, and root weight than that of HS, while the former showed distinctly lower discolored leaf ratio than that the other. Eight kinds of ginsenosides content of CP were higher than that of HS in $Rg_1$, Re, Rf, $Rb_1$ and Rc except $Rg_2$, $Rb_2$, and $Rb_3$. Total ginsenoside contents of CP was distinctly higher than that of HS. Total ginsenoside contents as affected by shading materials was higher in order of BS, TBSB, and AS in CP, while TBSB, BS, and AS in HS.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.381-388
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• 2017

Background: This study was conducted to acquire basic information on the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the germplasm of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer collected from China and Korea, and identify the variations that can be utilized in ginseng breeding programs. Methods and Results: Quantitative parameters were evaluated, and used to compare and analyze on genetic polymorphisms in the germplasm. The genetic characteristics and classifications were compared and analyzed for each character. Stem length followed a normal frequency distribution ranging from 15.5 cm to 40.5 cm, with showing approximately 40% having a stem length of 20 - 30 mm. Stem diameters ranged from 2.7 mm to 11.3 mm. Stem number per plant ranged from 1 to 3; approximately 50% had a single stem, and 45% had two stems. A non-normal frequency distribution was observed for petiole number, with approximately 60% of the germplasm having 3 - 5 petioles. Petiole length exhibited a normal frequency distribution, raging from 4.5 to 10.6. Petiole angle in the germplasm ranged from $28^{\circ}$ to $89^{\circ}$ and seedstalk length ranged from 5.6 cm to 27.3 cm. Conclusions: The genetic polymorphisms identified by complete linkage clustering based on the quantitative characteristics of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer collected from Korea and China were classified to 6 groups, namely I, II, III, IV, V, and VI with frequencies of 6.7%, 20.0%, 31.7%, 8.3%, 6.7%, and 26.7%, respectively.