• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.195-199
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• 2005

홍경천(Rhodilola sachalinensis A. Bor)의 잎절편로부터 부정아를 유도하고자 BA와 kinetin을 처리한 결과, BA의 처리가 kinetin의 처리보다 부정아 유도와 신초의 생장에 양호한 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 BA 1 mg/L처리에서 부정아 유도빈도와 신초길이는 각각 71%와 3.0 mm로 가장 높게 나타났다. 또한 고빈도의 부정아를 유도하고자 다양한 농도의 putrescine를 처리한 결과, putrescine 100 mM 처리에서 부정아 유도빈도가 BA 1 mg/L 단용처리보다 약 20%가 증가되었고 신초길이 역시 약 10 mm가 증가된 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서 유도된 부정아는 생장조절물질이 포함되지 않은 1/2MS배지에서 발근과 신장이 정상적으로 이루어졌으며 약 7 cm 정도 생장한 유식물체는 peatmoss:sand가 1:1로 혼합된 상토에서 약 95%이상 정상적으로 순화되었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2015

Background: Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a perennial herb prone to various root diseases, with Phytophthora cactorum being considered one of the most dreaded pathogens. P. cactorum causes foliar blight and root rot. Although chemical pesticides are available for disease control, attention has been shifted to viable, eco-friendly, and cost-effective biological means such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for control of diseases. Methods: Native Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain HK34 was isolated from wild ginseng and assessed as a biological control agent for ginseng. Leaves from plants treated with HK34 were analyzed for induced systemic resistance (ISR) against P. cactorum in square plate assay. Treated plants were verified for differential expression of defense-related marker genes using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: A total of 78 native rhizosphere bacilli from wild P. ginseng were isolated. One of the root-associated bacteria identified as B. amyloliquefaciens strain HK34 effectively induced resistance against P. cactorum when applied as soil drench once (99.1% disease control) and as a priming treatment two times in the early stages (83.9% disease control). A similar result was observed in the leaf samples of plants under field conditions, where the percentage of disease control was 85.6%. Significant upregulation of the genes PgPR10, PgPR5, and PgCAT in the leaves of plants treated with HK34 was observed against P. cactorum compared with untreated controls and only pathogen-treated plants. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate HK34 as a potential biocontrol agent eliciting ISR in ginseng against P. cactorum.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.199-204
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• 1999

인삼 자엽을 식물호르몬을 전혀 첨가하지 않은 Murashige와 Skoog배지에 배양할 경우 고빈도로 자엽의 표면으로부터 체세포배가 발생되었다. 그러나 cytokinin을 첨가배지에서는 체세포배의 발생이 억제되면서 부정아가 발생되었다. BAP처리배지에서 kinetin 처리보다 부정아의 발생이 높은 경향을 보였으며, IBA와 사이토카이닌의 혼합 처리시에는 부정아의 발생빈도가 단일처리보다 훨씬 증가한 경향을 보였다. 특히 0.05mg/1 IBA와 5mg/l BAP 혼합처리구에서 부정아의 형성이 $40\%$로 매우 높은 빈도로 발생하였다. 체세포배의 발생은 자엽의 기부에서만 발생된 반면 부정아는 자엽의 정부에서 주로 발생되었기 때문에 체세포배의 발생 부위와는 뚜렷이 구분되는 특징을 보였다. 또한 부정아는 접합자배의 측아와 같이 포로 둘러싼 녹색돌기로 자라다가 포가 열개되면서 유경이 생장하였는데 줄기의 구조가 아닌 단엽의 구조를 지니며 생장되었다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.102-106
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• 2008

Bacillus subtilis QST713(BS QST713)의 단독, 살균제와 혼합 및 교호처리하여 인삼 점무늬병의 방제효과를 검정하였다. BS QST713를 10일 간격으로 단독으로 처리했을 때, 인삼 점무늬병에 대한 방제가는 83.3%, azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil copper sulfate basic, copper sulfate basic, kresoxim-methyl, difenoconazole, mancozeb 단독 처리구는 $80.4{\sim}83.7%$로 나타났다. BS QST713와 mancozeb를 혼합하여 14일 간격으로 처리하였을 때의 방제가는 83.6%, BS QST713와 azoxystrobin 혼합 처리구는 82.6%이었으나, difenoconazole, kresoxim-methyl, copper sulfate basic 및 chlorothalonil copper sulfate basic와 혼합 처리구는 $61.1{\sim}76.4%$로 방제효과가 약간 감소하였다. 대전에서 BS QST713와 copper sulfate basic를 10일 간격으로 교호처리시 방제가가 85.9%이었으나, 다른 살균제와의 교호처리 시는 $55.5{\sim}78.2%$로 낮아 졌다. 그러나 무주에서 모든 교호처리에서 방제가가 90% 이상으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과에 의하면 BS QST713의 단독, 혼합 및 교호처리는 살균제의 사용량을 줄일 수 있는 방제법으로 이용될 것이다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.778-784
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• 2004

인삼을 재배한 후 널리 이용되지 못하고 있는 잎, 줄기 등 인삼 부산물의 활용방안을 모색하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 이에 따라 인삼잎과 줄기를 혼합하여 추출한 추출물을 대상으로 일반 영양성분 함량, 무기질 함량, 아미노산 및 지방산 조성을 분석하고 세포독성에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 인삼잎, 줄기 혼합 추출물의 수분함량은 96.61%, 탄수화물 2.51%, 조회분 0.53%, 조지방 0.20% 및 조단백질이 0.15%이었다. 무기질 중 칼륨함량이 102.56 mg/100 g으로 가장 높았고 그 외 칼슘, 마그네슘, 나트륨, 인 및 철분, 망간, 아연, 구리도 함유되어 있었다. Glutamic acid와 aspartic acid 등 산성아미노산 함량이 높게 나타났고 필수아미노산이 모두 함유되어 있었다. 또한 불포화지방산 함량은 56.52%이었고 palmitic acid 함량이 39.99%로 가장 높았고, linoleic acid 14.96%, docosatetranoic acid 13.31%, linolenic acid 12.19%의 순이었다. 인삼의 총 ginenoside 함량은 0.82 mg/mL이 었고 PD/PT 함유 비율은 0.68이었다. 정상적인 간과 신장 세포의 생존율에는 negative effect를 나타내지 않았고 미토콘드리아와 라이소좀 수준에서 세포독성을 나타내지 않았다. 인삼잎, 줄기 혼합 추출물의 약리효능을 나타내는 gensenoside의 함량이 0.82 mg/mL로서 비교적 소량 함유되어 있으나 인삼 부산물의 활용차원에서 동물의 사료나 기능성 식품 재료로의 사용은 가능할 것으로 생각된다. 향후 동물실험 및 임상실험을 이용한 기능성 평가를 통해 확실하고 구체적인 활용방안의 모색이 요구되어진다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.504-509
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• 2015

본 연구는 예정지에서 재배한 녹비작물과 해가림자재가 인삼의 생육과 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 실험하였던 바, 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 흑2+청2(TBTBPN) 해가림에서의 인삼 엽폭은 호밀과 헤어리베치 재배구가 좋았고, 흑1+청3(TBOBPN) 재배구의 엽장은 보리와 헤어리베치 재배구가, 엽폭은 헤어리베치 재배구에서 생육이 좋았으며, 차광지(BPS) 재배에서 엽장은 보리와 보리+헤어리베치 재배구에서 생육이 좋았지만 경장은 다른 해가림자재에 비해 감소된 결과를 보였다. 2. 인삼 근중은 흑2+청2(TBTBPN) 해가림 처리는 호밀과 헤어리베치 재배구에서, 흑1청3(TBOBPN) 해가림에서는 호밀과 보리+헤어리베치 재배구에서 생육이 좋았지만, 차광지(BPS) 해가림에서는 녹비종류별 큰 차이는 없었다. 3. 뿌리썩음병 발생율은 흑2+청2 해가림 처리는 보리재배구가 10.2%로 높았으며, 흑1+청3 해가림처리는 헤어리베치 재배구에서 23.1%로 높았으나, 호밀재배구는 해가림 자재에 관계없이 뿌리썩음병 발생율이 가장 적었다. 4. 흑2청2 해가림 처리의 ginsenoside 함량은 호밀재배구가 가장 높았고, 흑1+청3 재배구에서는 보리재배구가 높았으며, 차광지 재배구는 호밀재배구가 높았다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 1983

The tensile strength (Pm) . elongation percentage ($\varepsilon$) , elastic modulus (I) , and specific volume (Sv) were calculated from the data of tensile characteristics of By 104 .and Burley 21 tobacco leaves, which were measured over a relative humidity from 60 to 80% at $20\pm2^{\circ}C$.The important results obtained were as follows.(1) Tensile strength(Pm) The "Pm"of By 104 was greater than that of Burley at. The "Pm"in both varieties were increased toward the upper stalk position and according to the decrease of relative humidity. The "Pm" of parallel piece to tile vein in a leaf were greater than that of right angle piece to the vein. (2) Elongation percentage ($\varepsilon$). The "s" of By 104 was higher than that of Burley 21. The "s" in both varieties were increased toward the upper stalk position and according to the increase of relative humidity. The "s" of parallel Piece to the vein in a Burley leaf was greater than that of right angle piece to the vein. (3) Elastic modulus (E) The "E" of Burley 21 leaf was higher than that of By 104. The "E" in both varieties were increased toward the lower stalk position and according to decrease of relative humidity. The "E"of parallel piece to the vein in both varieties leaves were greater than that of right angle piece to tile vein. (4) Specific volume (Sv) The "Sv" of Burley 21 leaf was increased than that of By 104. The "Sv" in both varieties were increased toward the lower stalk position and according to the decrease of relative humidity.ot;Sv" in both varieties were increased toward the lower stalk position and according to the decrease of relative humidity.dity.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2008

The effects of $CO_2$ enrichment on growth of maize (Zea mays L.) were examined. Parameters analyzed include growth characteristics, yields, photosynthetic rates, evaporation rates and photosynthesis-related characteristics under elevated $CO_2$. The plants were grown in growth chambers with a 12-h photoperiod and a day/night temperature of $28/21^{\circ}C$ at the seedling stage and $30/23^{\circ}C$ from the silking stage. The plants were exposed to two elevated $CO_2$ of 500, 700ppm and ambient levels (350 ppm). Chalok 1 and GCB 70 germinated three days after seeding, and germination rates were faster in the elevated $CO_2$ than the control. Germination rates displayed significant differences among the $CO_2$ treatments. At the seedling stage, leaf area, top dry weight, and photosynthetic rates, and plant height indicated positive relationship with elevated $CO_2$ concentrations. At the $5{\sim}6$ leaf stage, $CO_2$ concentration also indicated positive relationship with plant height, leaf area, top dry weight, and photosynthetic rates. At the silking stage, increased plant height of Chalok 1 was noted in the $CO_2$ treatments compared to the control. No significant differences were noted for GCB 70, in which leaf area decreased but photosynthetic rates increased progressively with $CO_2$ concentration. Stomatal aperture was a little bigger in the elevated $CO_2$ than the control. $CO_2$ concentration was negatively related to stomatal conductance and transpiration rates, resulting in high water use efficiency.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1980년도 학술대회지
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• pp.39-47
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• 1980

The harvesting and export of Canadian ginseng from the cool, shady hardwood forests of southern Canada can be traced to 1796. Because of its high dollar value and diminishing woodland supplies it was decided in 1896 that it should be cultivated under wood lath screens. Present day economics dictate changes in production techniques to allow for a decreasing supply of expensive labour. Traditional wooden lath screens have a surface area of wood of 70 per cent and permit light penetration of only about 18 per cent. Experimental woven black polypropylene shade has an estimated surface area of 72 per cent and permits light pentration of about 28 per cent. While differences in air and leaf temperatures under the two shade structures can be measured it is doubtful if these are great enough to cause differences in plant growth under the two structures. Shade grown ginseng had a low fresh and dry weight and total chlorophyll content (ratio of a to b was 3 to 1) comparable to other shade species. There was no differences in fresh and dry weight and chlorophyll content of leaves from plants grown under the two shade structures. Maximum net photosynthesis of leaves was 0.175 g $CO_2\;m^{-2}\;hr^{-1}$ and light saturation level was about $200{\mu}E\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1},$ or about 10 per cent of full sunlight.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1990년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Korean Ginseng, 1990, Seoul, Korea
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• pp.175-189
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• 1990

Nitrogen compounds of Panax ginseng and their biological activities in plant and animal were reviewed. Major nitrogen compounds found in P. ginseng are free amino acids. Water solilble proteins, indouble proteins and peptides. Minor nitrogen compounds are dencichine. Glycolyroteins, amines, alkaloides, methoxy or alkyl pyrazine derivatives, free nucleosides and nucleic acid bases. 4-methyl-i-thiazoltethanol and pyroglutamic acid the contents of total nitrogen and protein in root Increased until 13 years old which was the highest age tinder investigation. Soluble protein content increased with the root weight and was higher in xylem pith than cortex-epidermis indicating the close relation with root growth. Arginine, which covered 58% of total free amino acids, may serve as storage nitrogen. Arginine seems to be changed into proline in rhizome. threonine in stem and again threonine and arginine in leaf. The greater the root weight the higher the polyamine stimulated Polyamine stimlllated the growth of root callus. Physiological roles of other minor nitrogen compounds are unknown although content is relatively high ((1.if) 6.w). Biochemical and pharmacological activities of some nitrogen compounds for animal were more investigated than physiological role there plant itself. Radiation and U.V protective function (heat stable protein). insulin-like activity in lipogenesis and livolysis (adenosine and pyroglutamic acid), depression of blood sugar content (glycopevtide). htmostatic and nellrotoxic activity (dencichine) and, sedative and hypnotic activity (4-methyl-i-thiazoleethanol) are reported. Heat stable protein increased with root age. The traditional quality criteria appear to be well in accordance with biological activities of nitrogen compounds. Chemical studies of nitrogen compounds seem relatively rare, probably due to difficulty of isolation, subsequently the investigations of biological activities are little.