• 식물병연구
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.99-103
• /
• 2003

본 연구는 국내산 은행나무(Ginkgo biloba) 뿌리, 열매껍질, 가지 등 부위별 추출물의 진균류, 일반세균 및 해충에 대한 생물활성을 조사하였다. 연구 결과 푸른곰팡이 병균(T.harzianum) 및 대장균(E.coli) 등에 대해 200 ug/disc 농도에서 저해활성을 나타냈으며, 줄기부위가 더 높은 항미생물활성을 보였다. 특히 버섯 배양상 표면에 1mg/ml 수준으로 처리할 경우 푸른 곰팡이병의 발생을 상당히 억제시키는 효과를 나타냈다. 한편, 은행나무 부위별 추출물을 500 ug/ml으로 공시 해충을 처리하였을 경우 대부분의 추출물이 살충활성을 보이며 벼멸구, 배추좀나방, 두점박이응애에 대해 높은 살충활성을 나타냈으며, 특히, 벼멸구에 대해서 8ug/ml의 낮은 농도에서도 살충활성을 나타냈다. 본 연구결과 국내산 은행나무 추출물이 항미생물 및 살충활성이 확인되었는 바 식물유래 병해충 방제용 천연물 농약으로서의 잠재성을 보여주었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2015

From study of antifungal actions on the rice sheath blight by using the extract of Ginkgo biloba outer seedcoats, we found that the extracts of Ginkgo biloba outer seedcoats of all treatment concentrations had inhibited the rice sheath blight. Among them, the most effective concentration was 250 mg/l at which the growth of microbe was 26 mm and even at the packaging test, when sprayed the G. biloba outer seedcoats at the level of 250 mg/l, the damage rate of the rice sheath blight was identified as 13%. As a result investigating the antifungal activity by separating polysaccharides from G. biloba outer seedcoats, it showed that the clear zone of 14 mm or more was formed at the concentration of 250 mg/l or higher. Based on these results, we concluded that the G. biloba outer seedcoat is a natural substance with the antifungal activity on the rice sheath blight.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제17권
• /
• pp.271-280
• /
• 2001

We report on the applicability oj a method recently developed in our laboratory for measuring the antioxidant potential of isolated chemicals and extracts derived from natural products. Peroxyl radicals generated by thermal homolysis of 2,2'-azobis-amidinopropane (ABAP) oxidize $\alpha$-keto-${\gamma}$-methiolbutyric acid (KMBA) to ethylene, which is monitored by gas chromatography. Inhibition of ethylene formation in the presence of antioxidants that compete with KMBA for peroxyl radicals is the basis of the Total Oxyradical Scavenging Capacity Assay (TOSCA; Winston et al., 1998). Antioxidative activities of water-soluble extracts of American green tea, the anti-hepatotoxic flavonolignan from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) silybin, Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761, and a series of naturally occuring sesquiterpene lactones (all ger-macranolides found in in fungi, liverworts, and plants) were studied. The specific TOSC value per $\mu$M silybin was 5.2, which is essentially comparable to that of Trolo $x^{ⓡ}$, a water-soluble vitamine E analog. Tea and Ginkgo extracts exhibited potent peroxyl radical scavenging capacity with values, respectively of =1700 and 1000 $\mu$mols Trolo $x^{ⓡ}$ equivalent per gram dry matter. The known anti-inflammatory activity of some germacranolides prompted study of their antioxidant capacity. None of the lactones exhibited antioxidant capacity toward peroxyl radicals comparable to Trolo $x^{ⓡ}$; costunilide, the most lipophilic, had a TOSC value = to glutathione. The potential role of peroxyl radicals in lipidperoxidation, other cellular damage, and var-ious disease states suggest a possible preventive role for silybin, green tea and Ginkgo biloba in oxidative stress caused by these free radical species.ecies.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.28-33
• /
• 1995

Effects of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBE) and its components kaempferol-coumaroyl glucosyl rhamnoside (Kc), quercetin-coumaroyl glucosyl rhamnoside (Qc), ginkolide (G) and bilobalide (B) on blood pressure and on the levels of neurotransmitters in the spontaneously hypertensive rat brain were examined. Blood pressure decreased about 10 mmHg after administration of GBE but without significance. The concentration of norepinephrine increased (3 times) and that of DOPAC was decreased (38%) after administration of Qc. And 3-MT concentration was increased (36%) by Kc administration in striatum. While Qc administration increased the concentration of Ach (260%) and Ch(29%) significantly, B administration increased Ch concentration in cerebral cortex.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.43-47
• /
• 1989

An attempt was made to increase the yield of extraction of ginkgoflavonglycosides from leaves of Ginkgo biloba by treatments of with Cellulase C and macerating enzymes. The yield of dried extract and its contents of ginkgoflavonols, when treated only with cellulase C, were analyzed to be 1. 99% and 0. 38%, respectively. The contents of ginkgoflavonglycosides in the dried extracts were calculated to be 25. 28%. By the treatment with a mixture of three enzymes, cellulase C: cellulase NC and macerosin (1 : 1 : 2), the yield of the dried extract, ginkgoflavonols as well as their glycosides were determined to be 2. 48%, 0. 48% and 24. 16%, respectively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권15호
• /
• pp.6317-6325
• /
• 2015

Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is a popular phytomedicine and has been used for disorders of the central nervous system, cardiovascular, renal, respiratory, and circulatory diseases. Although GBE is a complex mixture of over 300 compounds, its major components are 24% flavonoids and 6% terpene lactones. In this study, we tested the inhibitory effects of the three major flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin) from GBE, independently and as mixtures, on aromatase activity using JEG-3 cells (human placental cells) and recombinant proteins (human placental microsome). In both systems, kaempferol showed the strongest inhibitory effects among the three flavonoids; the flavanoid mixtures exerted increased inhibitory effects. The results of exon I.1-driven luciferase reporter gene assays supported the increased inhibitory effects of flavonoid mixtures, accompanied by suppression of estrogen biosynthesis. In the RT-PCR analysis, decreased patterns of aromatase promoter I.1 mRNA expressions were observed, which were similar to the aromatase inhibition patterns of flavonoids and their mixtures. The present study demonstrated that three flavonoids synergistically inhibit estrogen biosynthesis through aromatase inhibition, decrease CYP19 mRNA, and induce transcriptional suppression. Our results support the usefulness of flavonoids in adjuvant therapy for breast cancer by reducing estrogen levels with reduced adverse effects due to estrogen depletion.

• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.289-295
• /
• 2011

3종의 식물성 추출물 및 포르말린의 시험관 내에서의 백점충에 대한 살충효과를 조사하였다. 복합생약제는 500배 희석액에서 1시간 이내에 충을 완전히 죽일수 있었으나, 여지초발효액은 100배의 희석액에서 1시간 이내에 모든 충을 죽일 수 있었다. 은행잎 추출물은 5,000배의 희석액으로 1시간 이내에 모든 충을 죽일 수 있었다. 대조약제로서 포르말린은 100ppm의 농도로 1시간 이내에 충을 모두 죽일 수 있었다. 이 결과로 은행잎 추출물이 살충효과가 가장 좋았다. 충에의 밀도에 따른 살충효과의 차이는 없었다. 또한 은행잎 추출물의 5,000배 희석액으로 2시간 동안 약욕한 후의 어류의 아가미 조직에 있어서 변화가 없었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제49권1호
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2011

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the combined effects of ginkgo biloba extract, ginkgolide A and B and aspirin on SK-N-MC, human neuroblastoma cell viability and mRNA expression of growth associated protein43 (GAP43), Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), B-cell lymphoma2 (Bcl2) and protein53 (p53) gene in hypoxia and reperfusion condition. Methods: SK-N-MC cells were cultured with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) media in $37^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ incubator. The cells were cultured for 8 hours in non-glucose media and hypoxic condition and for 12 hours in normal media and $O_2$ concentration. Cell survival rate was measured with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) reagent assay. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to estimate mRNA levels of GAP43, MAP2, Bcl2, and p53 genes. Results: The ginkgolide A and B increased viable cell number decreased in hypoxic and reperfused condition. The co-treatment of ginkgolide B with aspirin also increased the number of viable cells, however, there was no additive effect. Although there was no increase of mRNA expression of GAP43, MAP2, and Bcl2 in SK-N-MC cells with individual treatment of ginkgolide A, B or aspirin in hypoxic and reperfused condition, the co-treatment of ginkgolide A or B with aspirin significantly increased GAP43 and Bcl2 mRNA levels. In MAP2, only the co-treatment of ginkgolide A and aspirin showed increasing effect. The mRNA expression of p53 had no change in all treating conditions. Conclusion: This study suggests that the combined treatments of Ginkgo biloba extracts and aspirin increase the regeneration of neuroblastoma cells injured by hypoxia and reperfusion.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.58-61
• /
• 2007

본 연구에서는 은행잎에 존재하는 생리활성 물질이 추출용매와 추출조건에 따른 D. pteronyssinus에 대한 살충 실험을 통해 최적 추출 조건을 확립하였다. 은행잎 성분 중 bilobalide가 D. pteronyssinus에 살충효과가 있음을 검증하였으며, 다양한 은행잎 추출조건에 따른 살충실험을 한 결과 48시간 이후 약 68%$\sim$80%의 치사율을 보였다. 종합적으로 판단해 볼 때 경제성과 치사율을 고려하면 80$^{\circ}C$에서 온수추출물 (GLW80)이 가장 최적추출 조건이다.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.67-72
• /
• 2010

In the recent version of the Korea Pharmacopoeia(KP) and the Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia(KHP), there are 563 items(181 in KP, 381 in KHP) of herbal medicines including finished drugs. Also, approximately 507 items including herbal extracts and herbal medicinal products was published in the 3th edition of Korea Pharmaceutical Codex (KPC). These items help the persons working in the pharmaceutical manufacturing field to register the drug and in research fields to develop the new drug considering as a standard specifications. This study was carried out to establish standard analytical methods for 'Compound Hawthorn Berry 60% Ethanol Extract, Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract and Garlic Oil Capsules' in the 3th edition of Korea Pharmaceutical Codex. Ginkgo flavonoid and terpene lactone were employed as reference compounds for analytical method. Analytical methods established in this study could be applied to a reasonable and unified quality control of G. biloba leaf extract and hawthorn berry extract.