• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.531-538
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• 2007

본 연구는 소, 돼지, 닭의 부산물인 신장, 간, 기관으로부터 황산콘드로이틴을 추출하고 추출수율을 극대화할 수 있는 추출조건을 탐색하고자 실시하였다. 추출방법은 일반추출방법, 열수추출방법 및 효소가수분해 추출방법을 이용하였으며 각 추출방법에 따른 수율 및 추출물내의 황산 콘드로이틴의 양을 측정하였다. 추출방법간의 비교에서 일반추출법(대조구) 보다 열수추출과 효소가수분해 추출의 수율이 더 높게 나타났으며 유의적인 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 효소가수분해 추출에서 식육부산물 중 가장 높은 값을 나타낸 것은 닭 기관, 소 기관, 소 간 순이었다(P<0.05). 모든 추출방법 간에 있어서 소기관의 황산콘드로이틴 함량이 가장 높았으며 효소가수분해 추출방법에 의한 소기관의 황산콘드로이틴 함량이(21.19±1.82) 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었다(P<0.05). 추출물의 수율에 영향을 미치는 에탄올에 의한 추출물 분별침전에서는 에탄올 농도가 증가할수록 황산콘드로이틴 수율이 증가하였다. 결론적으로 식육부산물로부터 황산콘드로이틴을 추출하는데 있어 효소가수분해방법이 가장 좋은 결과를 나타내었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1403-1414
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• 2021

Objective: This study explored the mechanism of the Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway under conditions of zearalenone (ZEA)-induced oxidative stress in the duodenum of post-weaning gilts. Methods: Forty post-weaning gilts were randomly allocated to four groups and fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mg/kg ZEA. Results: The results showed significant reductions in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and increases the malondialdehyde content with increasing concentrations of dietary ZEA. Immunohistochemical analysis supported these findings by showing a significantly increased expression of Nrf2 and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) with increasing concentrations of ZEA. The relative mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2, GPX1 increased linearly (p<0.05) and quadratically (p<0.05), which was consistent with the immunohistochemical results. The relative mRNA expression of Keap1 decreased linearly (p<0.05) and quadratically (p<0.05) in the duodenum as the ZEA concentration increased in the diet. The relative mRNA expression of modifier subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLM) increased quadratically (p<0.05) in all ZEA treatment groups and the relative mRNA expression of quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase decreased linearly (p<0.05) and quadratically (p<0.05) in the ZEA1.0 group and ZEA1.5 group. The relative protein expression of Keap1 and GCLM decreased quadratically (p<0.05) in the duodenum as the ZEA concentration increased in the diet, respectively. The relative protein expression of NQO1 increased linearly (p<0.05) and quadratically (p<0.05) in all ZEA treatment groups in the duodenum. Conclusion: These findings suggest that ZEA regulates the expression of key factors of the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in the duodenum, which enables resistance to ZEA-induced oxidative stress. Further studies are needed to examine the effects of ZEA induced oxidative stress on other tissues and organs in post-weaning gilts.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권6호
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• pp.1242-1253
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• 2023

The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using a diet low in lysine content as a means for increasing the intramuscular fat (IMF) content and pork muscle quality of finishing pigs. Thirty-two crossbred gilts and barrows weighing approximately 80 kg were fed either a low-lysine diet (0.60%; Low-lys) or a control diet (0.80% lysine; Med-lys) under a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The animals were slaughtered at a 132-kg body weight (BW) on average, followed by physicochemical analyses and sensory evaluation on Longissimus lumborum (LL) and Semitendinosus (ST) muscles. The average daily gain (ADG) did not differ between the Med-lys and Low-lys groups. However, ADG exhibited a tendency of sex × diet interaction (p = 0.09), being greater for barrows vs. gilts on the Low-lys diet (p < 0.05), but not on the Med-lys diet. Backfat thickness adjusted for 132-kg BW also exhibited the interaction; it was greater for the Low-lys vs. Med-lys group within gilts but tended to be less for the former in barrows (p = 0.08). The IMF content was not influenced by the diet or sex in either LL or ST. The a^*, b^*, and Warner-Bratzler Shear Force values and fatty acid composition were influenced by the sex or diet in either or both of the muscles, but the treatment effects did not apparently influence the meat quality. Sensory scores for the flavor, juiciness, tenderness, umami, and palatability of cooked muscle were not influenced by the diet in either LL or ST. When the LL and ST data were pooled, scores for those sensory attributes were positively correlated with the IMF content, which was associated with overall greater IMF contents and greater sensory scores for ST vs. LL. Collectively, the Low-lysine diet seemingly elicited the intended lysine deficiency in gilts as indicated by the increased BFT due to the diet. However, the Low-lys diet was not effective for increasing the IMF deposition or eating quality of the pork muscle of finishing pigs slaughtered at high BW probably because its lysine content was not low enough to elicit either outcome.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.371-375
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• 1999

Total 1,434 sera collected from 72 pig farms were tested for the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus antibodies. The overall seroprevalence of PRRS virus antibodies was 49.3% (707/727). Of 72 farms tested 59 (81.9%) farms had at least one or more than one pigs with PRRS virus antibodies. The seroprevalence of PRRS virus antibody varied with age. Seroprevalence of PRRS virus antibody in 1 to 30-day-old, 31 to 40-day-old, 41 to 50-day-old, 51 to 60-day-old, and over 61-day-old pig were 27.4%, 52.3%, 57.9%, 52.7%, and 68.2%, respectively. Gilt showed relatively higher seroprevalence (61.2%) than sow (29.2%) and boar (38.3%). In most farms, the infection of PRRS virus was chronic and confined to grower or finisher. This pattern of infection suggests that partial depopulation of the infected herds appears be one of the measures to eradicate the PRRS virus infection. High seroprevalence of the PRRS virus antibody in gilts and boars indicates that the infected gilts and boars in the breeding farms are the major source of the PRRS virus infection, and also play an important role in spreading the PRRS virus between fan mates or herds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.811-816
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• 2000

Five experiments were conducted to evaluate blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as a potential index of feed efficiency (G/F) and lean growth in growing-finishing pigs. Exp. 1 was conducted to examine the relationship between feeding protocol and BUN values. Fasted-refed pigs exhibited BUN peaks 3 h post-prandially while those given ad libitum access to diet had inconsistent BUN patterns in 10 h blood sampling with an 1 h interval. In Exp. 2 and 3, it was revealed that the peak BUN values were negatively correlated (p<0.01) with G/F in both barrows and gilts at 20 kg body weight (BW) and 50 kg to 90 kg BW. In Exp. 4, it was found that BUN values between 55 kg and 70 kg BW, when lean gain is maximized, were best correlated with average daily lean gain (ADLG). In Exp. 5, 18 barrows and 21 gilts were used to examine the relationship between BUN values at 65 kg BW and ADLG from birth to market weight. The BUN values at 65 kg BW and ADLG were negatively correlated (p<0.01) in both genders. These experiments demonstrated that there was a correlation between peak BUN values, and G/F and ADLG under specific circumstances.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2004

Total 2,451 sera collected from pig farms nationwide were tested for the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS) virus antibodies. The results were analyzed between different geographic regions, types of breeding pigs, and different years. The overall seroprevalence of PRRS virus antibodies for 3 years was 32.4%(705/2,451). The seroprevalence of PRRS virus antibodies in years 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2004 was 33.4% (284/850), 38.6%(291/754), 33.3%(155/466), and 17.1%(65/381), respectively. The seropevalence of PRRS virus antibody in sow in years 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 was 31.7%, 28.4%, 29.6%, and 13.4%, respectively. The seropevalence of PRRS virus antibody in gilts in years 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 was 36.6%, 67.4%, 54.7%, and 33.9%, respectively. The seropevalence of PRRS virus antibody in boars in years 2000, 2001 and 2003 was 45.7%, 36.4%, and 100%, respectively. No boar serum sample was submitted for the diagnosis of PRRS virus antibody in the year 2000. High seroprevalence of the PRRS virus antibody in sow, gilts and boars indicates that the infected breeding pigs are the major source of the PRRS virus infection, and also play an important role in spreading the PRRS virus between fan mates or herds.

• 육가공
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• 통권36호여름호
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• pp.41-60
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• 2009

시중에 유통 중인 브랜드 돈육의 품질 특성을 조사하기 위해 3개 브랜드(Y처리구 : 재래돼지 $\times$멧돼지, 맥강과 한약제 급여 ; J처리구 : LY$\times$D, 무항생제, 생균제 급여; M처리구 : LY$\times$D) 돈육 등심을 구매하여 품질 특성을 분석하였다. 수분과 조회분 함량은 Y처리구가 J와 M 처리구에 비해 높았지만, 조지방 함량은 J처리구가 Y와 M처리구에 비해 현저하게 낮았다(p<0.05). Y처리구의 미경산돈이 거세돈보다 수분과 조지방 함량이 현저하게 높았다(p<0.05) Y처리구의 미경산돈의 pH는 J와 M처리구의 미경산돈에 비해 현저하게 높았다(p<0.05) 돈육의 L(명도)값과 $W^*$(백색도)값은 Y처리구가 J와 M처리구에 비해 현저하게 낮았다(p<0.05) 조직 특성 중 탄력성은 J처리구가 Y와 M처리구에 비해 현저하게 높았다(p<0.05). 관능적 점수는 Y처리구가 J와 M처리구에 비해 높았고, M처리구의 미경산돈은 거세돈에 비해 다즙성이 현저하게 높았다(p<0.05). 지방산 조성 중 linoleic acid와 arachidonic acid 함량은 Y처리구가 J와 M 처리구에 비해 높았지만 palmitic acid, pamitoleic acid, stearic acid 및 oleic acid 함량은 낮았다. 포화지방산 함량은 Y처리구가 J와 M처리구에 비해 낮았지만, 불포화지방산, 필수지방산, 불포화지방산/포화지방산 비, 필수지방산/포화지방산 비 및 필수지방산/불포화 지방산 비는 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 성별 간에는 M처리구에서 거세돈이 미경산돈에 비해 stearic acid 함량이 현저하게 높았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 재래돼지$\times$멧돼지를 교잡하여 맥강과 한약재를 급여한 Y처리구가 J와 M처리구에 비해 육의 이화학 특성과 관능적 특성에서 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.470-479
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• 2008

시중에 유통 중인 브랜드 돈육의 품질 특성을 조사하기 위해 3개 브랜드(Y처리구 :재래돼지$\times$멧돼지, 맥강과 한약제 급여; J처리구 LY$\times$D, 무항생제, 생균제 급여; M처리구 :LY$\times$D)돈육 등심을 구매하여 품질 특성을 분석하였다. 수분과 조회분 함량은 Y처리구가 J와 M처리구에 비해 높았지만, 조지방 함량은 J처리구가 Y와 M처리구에 비해 현저하게 낮았다(p<0.05). Y처리구의 미경산돈이 거세돈보다 수분과 조지방 함량이 현저하게 높았다(p<0.05). Y 처리구의 미경산돈의 pH는 J와 M처리구의 미경산돈에 비해 현저하게 높았다(p<0.05).돈육의 L(명도)값과 W*(백색도)값은 Y처리구가 J와 M처리구에 비해 현저하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 조직 특성 중 탄력성은 J처리구가 Y와 M처리구에 비해 현저하게 높았다(p<0.05). 관능적 점수는 Y처리구가 J와 M처리구에 비해 높았고, M처리구의 미경산돈은 거세돈에 비해 다즙성이 현저하게 높았다(p<0.05).지방산 조성 중 linoleic acid와 arachidonic acid 함량은 Y처리구가 J와 M처리구에 비해 높았지만 palmitic acid, pamitoleic acid, stearic acid 및 oleic acid 함량은 낮았다. 포화지방산 함량은 Y처리구가 J와 M처리구에 비해 낮았지만, 불포화지방산, 필수지방산, 불포화지방산/포화지방산 비, 필수지방산/포화지방산 비 및 필수지방산/불포화지방산 비는 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 성별 간에는 M처리구에서 거세돈이 미경산돈에 비해 stearic acid 함량이 현저하게 높았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 재래돼지$\times$멧돼지를 교잡하여 맥강과 한약재를 급여한 Y처리구가 J와 M처리구에 비해 육의 이화학 특성과 관능적 특성에서 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1650-1655
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• 2003

Crossbred gilts (n=54) of about $26.38{\pm}0.85kg$ body weight and 25 weeks of age were randomly divided into 18 groups of 3 animals each. Three dietary treatments viz., $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$ were formulated. The treatment $T_1$ containing maize grain (35%) and wheat bran (47%) along with soybean meal and fish meals served as control diet. Rice bran (RB) was selected as a single source of fat (13.02%) and fibre (17.12%), which was gradually increased in diets $T_2$ (41%) and $T_3$ (82%) replacing maize grain and wheat bran of $T_1$ at 50% and 100% in the diets $T_2$ and $T_3$, respectively. The fat and fibre levels of the diets were thus 3.46 and 5.24, 9.31and 9.69 and 11.61and 13.26% in $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$, respectively. All the diets, however, contained almost similar concentration of CP (18.35${\pm}0.29%$). Each dietary treatment was offered to six replicated groups of 3 piglets in following completely randomized design and feeding was continued for 112 days during the growing phase. Growth, feed utilization, reproductive performance, nutrient utilization and different blood biochemical parameters were studied. Growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion were lower (p<0.01) in $T_3$ in comparison to $T_1$ or $T_2$. Digestibility of all the nutrients except EE was reduced significantly (p<0.01) in $T_3$. Serum glucose level decreased (p<0.01), whereas the urea and cholesterol concentration in the blood increased (p<0.01) in $T_3$. The duration of estrus of pigs fed diet containing 82% RB ($T_3$) was highly variable within the group, but all the groups showed statistically similar duration of estrous. Feed cost per unit gain was found to be comparable between control ($T_1$) and $T_2$ group. The results indicated that RB can be included up to 41% in swine diets replacing 50% of maize and wheat bran. Higher concentrations of ether extract and fibre beyond 9.31 and 9.69% in diet had detrimental effect on growth, nutrient utilization and reproductive performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.410-420
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• 2018

Objective: This experiment was to evaluate the effects of the dietary energy levels on the physiological parameters and reproductive performance during gestation over three parities in sows. Methods: A total of 52 F1 gilts ($Yorkshire{\times}Landrace$) were allotted to one of four dietary treatments using a completely randomized design. The treatments contained 3,100, 3,200, 3,300, or 3,400 kcal of metabolizable energy (ME)/kg diet but feed was provided at 2.0, 2.2, and 2.4 kg/d in the first, second and third parity, respectively. Results: The body weight and body weight gain during gestation increased as the dietary energy level increased (p<0.05, and p<0.01) in the first parity. In the second parity, the body weight of sows was the lowest (p<0.05) when 3,100 kcal of ME/kg treatment diet was provided. The body weight was higher as the dietary energy level increased (p<0.05) during the gestation period in the third parity. During lactation, the voluntary feed intake of lactating sows tended to decrease when gilts were fed higher energy treatment diet (p = 0.08) and the body weight, body weight gain were increased by dietary energy level during gestation (p<0.05). Backfat thickness was not affected by dietary treatment during the gestation period in three parities, interestingly backfat change from breeding to d 110 of gestation was higher as the dietary energy level increased at the first parity (p<0.05). When gilts were fed 3,400 kcal of ME/kg treatment diet a higher number of weaning piglets was observed in the first parity (p<0.05). The highest culling rate (69%) was seen when gestating sows were fed 3,100 kcal/kg ME treatment diet during three parities. Conclusion: In conclusion, the adequate energy intake of gestating sows should be 6,400 or 6,600 kcal of ME/d, 7,040 or 7,260 kcal of ME/d, and 7,680 or 7,920 kcal of ME/d for parity 1, 2, and 3, respectively.