• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1997

This study was to elucidate the relation between the periodical requirement of growth factors(Yang et al., 1993) and the synthesis of RNA and protein during the germination of Streptomycn coefic%r A3(2) in mineral liquid medium(ISP-4) without addition of growth factors. As results, The germination time was about 10 hr, and meanwhile, periodical nutritional requirement was verified to be repeated with interval of 2 hr. Spore size was enlarged with time but its number was rather decreased. Spore could be deviJed into viable, dormant, and dead state. In such a germination process it was found that RNA and protein were being synthesized periodically when spores were stained with AO and INT methods and observed under the fluorescence microscope. Those syntheses were coincided with the period of nutritional requirement. Hence, it was discllssed that spore population in early germination would need amino acids related to protein synthesis.

• Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2004

Five different poplar hybrids were tested for rescuing embryo to elongate in vitro plantiets after hybridization. Ovaries and ovules were cultured on Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with cytokinins, 6-benzylamine (BA) and zeatin. Multiple shoots were initiated from half section of capsule with immature embryos after 21 days from pollination and tiny shoots were formed after the expansion of cotyledons in ovule cultures. Germinating response was better in intraspecific hybrids $(6.53\pm1.66)$ than interspecific crosses $(0.93\pm0.54)$ from half section of capsules on WPM medium. In general, zeatin was better than BA in inducing multiple shoots from isolated ovules. The highest average number $(19.40\pm4.53)$ of shoots was produced from immature ovules of 21 days post-pollination of WPM medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/L zeatin. The highest percentage of germination was 93% from the half section of in vitro ovary cultures. Soil acclimation was successfully conducted in cell tray containing artificially mixed soil with 96% survival rate.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.46-58
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the optimal conditions for spore germination, prothallus propagation, sporophyte formation and seedling growth in Microlepia strigosa (Thunb.) C. Presl. Spore germination and prothallus development were promoted by low concentrations of Knop medium nutrient solution. The optimal medium for prothallus propagation and antheridium formation was 2X MS medium with 3% sucrose. The activated charcoal content of the medium did not affect prothallus proliferation. Among the various combinations of culture soil (bedding soil, peat moss, perlite and decomposed granite), a mixture of bedding soil, peat moss and decomposed granite at a ratio of 1 : 1 : 1 (v : v : v) had a positive effect on sporophyte formation. The most efficient conditions for promoting the growth of whole plants (sporophyte seedlings) were 50 - cell plug trays filled with a mixture of bedding soil and decomposed granite at a 2 : 1 (v : v) ratio.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2018

This study was conducted to compare the physicochemical properties of newly developed artificial medium and conventional plug medium and to investigate the proper irrigation interval to produce the high quality tomato seedlings. The five existing artificial media (organic medium coir, mixed medium Tosilee and Q plug, and inorganic medium LC and rockwool) and four newly developed artificial medium (mixed medium TP-S1 and inorganic medium PU 14-S1, PU-7B, and PU 15-S1) were used to grow tomato 'Yegwang' with irrigation interval of one-day (14 times), two-day (7 times), and three-day (5 times) for 14 days. The pH was the significantly highest in the PU 15-S1. All growing medium measured were in the range of pH 5.17-6.90. EC was the highest in the Q plug. The initial germination rate was the highest in the PU 15-S1. The final germination rate and mean daily germination were not significantly different in all growing medium except for the PU 14-S1. Growth of tomato seedlings at 15 days after sowing was the greatest in the Q plug. At 29 days after sowing, seedlings were also the greatest in the Q plug, followed by rockwool and PU-7B. Also, growth was better in the one-day interval treatment. As a result, we confirmed the applicability of the artificial medium to tomato plug seedlings in this experiment, and seedlings were the greatest in the Q plug. Therefor, it is considered that adding nutrients to the artificial medium of the newly developed medium PU-7B, and applying the irrigation one-day interval can produces high quality tomato seedlings similar to using Q plug.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.229-235
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• 2007

Artificial seeds were produced by encapsulation of somatic embryos of Kalopanax septemlobus and investigated the effects of alginic acid concentration, size of somatic embryos, additives in capsules and nursery seedbeds for germination. The most suitable concentration of alginic acid was 3% for germination of encapsulated seeds. Germination was suppressed at higher concentration more than 3% alginic acid. For germination of artificial seeds, 1/2 MS medium with 0.02% activated charcoal was effective. There was no significant differences on the germination among the different size of somatic embryos. Additives in hydrated capsule was very important for germination and post-germinative growth of artificial seeds. Germination was severly inhibited in hydrated capsule containing only distilled water. Both sucrose and MS medium addition in hydrate capsule was effective for germination of artificial seeds. When artificial seeds were transferred to soilbed, germination rate was high in perlite containing 3% sucrose but very low in perlite with only water. These results indicate that nursery additives in both hydrate capsules and soilbeds was important for germination of artificial seeds in Kalopanax septemlobus.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.219-236
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• 1989

The effect of salinity on the seed germination and seedling growth of Pinus densiflora for. erecta Uyeki were studied under the controlled conditions in the growth chamber. The seeds were sorted into three classes in weight such as large ($15.49\pm$1.63mg), medium($10.61\pm$1.38mg), and small ($6.57\pm$1.33mg) to determine the role of seed weight in germination and seedling growth of the pine. Polymorphic seeds of the pine were germinated an salinity range of 0 to 1.5% NaCl under various temperature ($10^{\circ}$ $-25^{\circ}$ with $5^{\circ}$C interval of constant temperature, and $10^{\circ}$ $-20^{\circ}$C, $15^{\circ}$ $-25^{\circ}$C of alternating temperature) in order to determine their germinability and seeding growth. In control plot, there was little difference of germination percentage among the seed weight classes, but in saline plot, the larger seeds generally had a higher percentage and rate of germination. There occurred synergistic interaction between salinity and temperature in the germination and the increase of temperature enhanced germination of seeds at the same salinity level. Alternating temperature regimes of $15^{\circ}$-$25^{\circ}$C yielded maximum germination and no germination was occurred at $10^{\circ}C$. The germination at alternating temperature showed higher germination percentage than at constant temperature. The percentage and of germination decreased drastically with increased salinity level to 1.00%; no germination was occurred at 1.50% salinity level. The growth fo sddelings from larger seeds was better than that of smaller seeds at the same salinity and temperature. The hypocotyl and radicle were more sensitive than cotyledon to the increased salinity stress.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.241-245
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• 1994

Effects of media and plant growth regulators on the germination of somatic embryos of Angelica tree(Aralia elata Seem.) was studied for the mass production of Angelica tree through tissue culture. MS medium was found to be the most effective for the germination of somatic embryos(65% germination rate), Among the MS medium, the medium containing 25% less inorganic salts and 1% less sucrose was found to be the most effective. Gelling agent with 0.2-0.3% gelrite promoted the germination of somatic embryo$(65{\sim}70%)$ and caused good growth of shoots and roots. 0.1 mg/l of BA and kinetin treatment caused $65{\sim}70%$ germination rate of somatic embryos and good growth of shoots and roots, and resulted in high percentage of dry matter. 1mg/l or 5 mg/l treatment of putrescine, and 10 mg/l treatment of spermidine caused 90% germination rate of somatic embryos and good growth of plant organs, and inhibited vitrification of regenerated plants.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 2015

Rice embryo is more abundant than endosperms in nutrients such as proteins, lipids, and vitamin B1. In this study, we constructed p53 plasmid that could be expressed in a plant system, and investigated optimal germination conditions in a variety of media. For construction of p53 plasmid, we performed p53 amplification from pCDNA-p53, subcloned to TA cloning vector, and then reconstructed into pGEM-CaMV plant expression vector. On the other hand, we prepared a variety of imbibition buffers and complete media for efficient germination of the rice embryo. Imbibition buffers prepared with different concentrations of salt or detergent showed no significant effect on germination efficiency. We prepared further culture media, such as solid agar, liquid media, and paper towel to establish the optimal conditions. Rice embryo showed germination rates of more than 70% in the solid medium, more than 60% in the paper towel medium, but less than 25% in liquid media, although germination rate did not differ with varying concentrations of salt and sucrose in culture media. Under the optimal germination conditions, we introduced the p53 plasmid using imbibition method, and finally detected human p53 gene expression in the germinated rice embryo. This method might present a novel, practical approach for evaluating efficient gene expression utilizing imbibition method in rice embryo.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.711-715
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• 2006

The objective of this study was focused on the enhancement of pollen germination frequency in peach (Prunus $persica\;_{SIEB}$) under low temperature conditions. The effect of factors such as amino acid, polyamine, and flavonoid on the pollen germination was investigated, and the results are summarized as follows. When amino acid, polyamine or flavonoid was added to the germination medium at $10^{\circ}C$, pollen germination frequency was strongly promoted. Optimum concentration of each supplement for pollen germination enhancement was $100\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;H_3BO_3$, 10 mM asparagine, 10 mM glutamine, 100 mM spermine, $1000\;{\mu}M$ putrescine, and $1.0\;{\mu}M$ kaemferol. The best combination of factors in pollen germination was $100\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;H_3BO_3+10\;mM$ asparagine, followed by $100\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;H_3BO_310mM$ glutamine, $100\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;H_3BO_3+200mM$ spermine, and 10 mM asparagine. These combinations promoted pollen germination by 18% in 'Nagasawa-Hakuho', and 19% in 'Shuho' compared to their germination percentage on the basal medium.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.359-363
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• 2003

Mass propagation of tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera L) via somatic embryogenesis was successfully achieved with immature samaras collected from adult trees. Embryogenic tissues were induced by culturing them samaras on 1/2 LM medium (Litvay's) containing 2,4-D and BA. Somatic embryos developed from the embryogenic tissues and germinated to normal plants (emblings) upon transfer onto the same medium containing either AgNO$_3$ or activated charcoal. So far, several factors appeared to influence both the induction of embryogenic tissues and germination of the embryos into plants. These include the collection time of samaras for the induction of embryogenic tissue, sucrose level in the culture medium, the level of both AgNO$_3$ and activated charcoal, and plating density of somatic embryos on germination medium for maturation and germination of somatic embryos into plantlets.