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Social Learning Values in the Justification Discourses for One Million-pyeong Park, Busan, South Korea (담론분석을 통한 100만평공원운동의 사회학습적 가치)

  • Lee, Sungkyung;Kim, Seung-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.41 no.5
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    • pp.19-27
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    • 2013
  • This paper claims that the One Million-peyong Park(hereafter abbreviated as OMP) project is different from a typical citizen participatory park project by recognizing the exceptional leadership of the Civic Committee for the One Million-pyeong Park Construction(CCOMPC) in promoting and developing the OMP project. Since 2001 the CCOMPC has published a variety of written promotional materials to inform and educate the public about the project. In terms of approaching the promotional materials, this research focuses on the use of language on how the CCOMPC justifies the OMP project, namely the OMP justification discourse, and considers the discourse as a unique form of social document that represents the perspective of the CCOMPC in explaining the local environmental issues and values of urban parks to the public. Using a discourse analysis method, this research analyzes the justification discourses and investigates how they changed over the three main development phases of the OMP: the initiation and preliminary development phase(1999-2001.2), the development phase (2001.2-2008), and the time period after the greenbelt policy release on Dunchi Island(2008-present). In each discourse, the OMP project is rationalized as a citizen participation park project that (1) aims to enhance the quality of public green space in Busan, (2) is accompanied by various community engagement programs that emphasize the value of urban nature and environmental education to expand citizen participation, and (3) has contributed to the National Urban Park Bill. This research emphasizes the role of the discourses in helping the public gain a critical understanding about the local environment and values of urban parks. By analyzing the contents of the discourses, it explains the social learning values of the OMP expressed in the discourses.

PM2.5 Simulations for the Seoul Metropolitan Area: (II) Estimation of Self-Contributions and Emission-to-PM2.5 Conversion Rates for Each Source Category (수도권 초미세먼지 농도모사 : (II) 오염원별, 배출물질별 자체 기여도 및 전환율 산정)

  • Kim, Soontae;Bae, Changhan;Yoo, Chul;Kim, Byeong-Uk;Kim, Hyun Cheol;Moon, Nankyoung
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.377-392
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    • 2017
  • A set of BFM (Brute Force Method) simulations with the CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality) model were conducted in order to estimate self-contributions and conversion rates of PPM (Primary $PM_{2.5}$), $NO_x$, $SO_2$, $NH_3$, and VOC emissions to $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations over the SMA (Seoul Metropolitan Area). CAPSS (Clean Air Policy Support System) 2013 EI (emissions inventory) from the NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research) was used for the base and sensitivity simulations. SCCs (Source Classification Codes) in the EI were utilized to group the emissions into area, mobile, and point source categories. PPM and $PM_{2.5}$ precursor emissions from each source category were reduced by 50%. In turn, air quality was simulated with CMAQ during January, April, July, and October in 2014 for the BFM runs. In this study, seasonal variations of SMA $PM_{2.5}$ self-sensitivities to PPM, $SO_2$, and $NH_3$ emissions can be observed even when the seasonal emission rates are almost identical. For example, when the mobile PPM emissions from the SMA were 634 TPM (Tons Per Month) and 603 TPM in January and July, self-contributions of the emissions to monthly mean $PM_{2.5}$ were $2.7{\mu}g/m^3$ and $1.3{\mu}g/m^3$ for the months, respectively. Similarly, while $NH_3$ emissions from area sources were 4,169 TPM and 3,951 TPM in January and July, the self-contributions to monthly mean $PM_{2.5}$ for the months were $2.0{\mu}g/m^3$ and $4.4{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. Meanwhile, emission-to-$PM_{2.5}$ conversion rates of precursors vary among source categories. For instance, the annual mean conversion rates of the SMA mobile, area, and point sources were 19.3, 10.8, and $6.6{\mu}g/m^3/10^6TPY$ for $SO_2$ emissions while those rates for PPM emissions were 268.6, 207.7, and 181.5 (${\mu}g/m^3/10^6TPY$), respectively, over the region. The results demonstrate that SMA $PM_{2.5}$ responses to the same amount of reduction in precursor emissions differ for source categories and in time (e.g. seasons), which is important when the cost-benefit analysis is conducted during air quality improvement planning. On the other hand, annual mean $PM_{2.5}$ sensitivities to the SMA $NO_x$ emissions remains still negative even after a 50% reduction in emission category which implies that more aggressive $NO_x$ reductions are required for the SMA to overcome '$NO_x$ disbenefit' under the base condition.

Flipped Learning in Socioscientific Issues Instruction: Its Impact on Middle School Students' Key Competencies and Character Development as Citizens (플립러닝 기반 SSI 수업이 중학생의 과학기술 사회 시민으로서의 역량 및 인성 함양에 미치는 효과)

  • Park, Donghwa;Ko, Yeonjoo;Lee, Hyunju
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.467-480
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    • 2018
  • This study aims to investigate how flipped learning-based socioscientific issue instruction (FL-SSI instruction) affected middle school students' key competencies and character development. Traditional classrooms are constrained in terms of time and resources for exploring the issues and making decision on SSI. To address these concerns, we designed and implemented an SSI instruction adopting flipped learning. Seventy-three 8th graders participated in an SSI program on four topics for over 12 class periods. Two questionnaires were used as a main data source to measure students' key competencies and character development before and after the SSI instruction. In addition, student responses and shared experience from focus group interviews after the instruction were collected and analyzed. The results indicate that the students significantly improved their key competencies and experienced character development after the SSI instruction. The students presented statistically significant improvement in the key competencies (i.e., collaboration, information and technology, critical thinking and problem-solving, and communication skills) and in two out of three factors in character and values as global citizens (social and moral compassion, and socio-scientific accountability). Interview data supports the quantitative results indicating that SSI instruction with a flipped learning strategy provided students in-depth and rich learning opportunities. The students responded that watching web-based videos prior to class enabled them to deeply understand the issue and actively engage in discussion and debate once class began. Furthermore, the resulting gains in available class time deriving from a flipped learning approach allowed the students to examine the issue from diverse perspectives.

Effect of Preservative Solutions on Flowering and Vase Life of Multiflowered Cut Lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) (일경다화성(一莖多花性) 백합(百合) 절화(切花)의 개화(開花)와 수명연장(壽命延長)을 위(爲)한 보존용액(保存溶液)의 효과(效果))

  • Lee, Jong Suk;Kim, Young Rae;Ku, Ja Hyeong
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.249-256
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    • 1983
  • The aspect of flowering was investigated in 'Georgia' cut lilies which had four flowers per stem. Concurrently effects of preservative solutions on longevity, petal length, water uptake and fresh weight of cut flowers were examined. 1. Days of opening of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd flower were 1-2 days, 3-4 days and 5-6days after beginning of holding treatment respectively. But the 4th flower was opened 9-10 days after beginning of holding treatment when the 1st and 2nd flowers were wilting or drying. 2. The later the opening of flower in a stem was, the shorter the longevity of flower became. But the effects of preservative solutions on longevity were gradually increased as the opening of flower was late in a stem. 3. Preservative solutions containing sucrose and $AgNO_3$ or HQ were able to increase petal length and longevity of the 3rd and 4th flowers sufficiently like the 1st and 2nd flowers. 4. Petal length, water uptake, fresh weight and longevity of cut lilies held in preservative solution containing sucrose, $AgNO_3$ and HQ were increased significantly compared with others. Solution containing sucrose alone increased longevity but decreased water uptake remarkably and did not increase fresh weight and petal length effectively compared with the control.

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Effect of Supplementary Actinomycetes (Nocardia sp. CS682) Ferment on the Performance, Blood Parameters, Immunoglobulin and Small Intestinal Microflora Contents in Broilers (방선균(Nocardia sp. CS682) 발효물의 급여가 육계의 생산성, 혈액성상, 면역글로불린 및 소장 내 미생물 함량에 미치는 영향)

  • Rhee, Ah-Reum;Shin, Dong-Hun;Kim, Chan-Ho;Jung, Byoung-Yun;Yoo, Jin-Chul;Hong, Yong-Ho;Paik, In-Kee
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.71-80
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    • 2011
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of CS682, a fermentation product of Actinomycetae Nocardia sp. CS682, and DCS682$^{(R)}$, a commercial product, on the performance, blood parameters, small intestinal microflora, and immunoglobulin contents in broilers. In Exp. 1, a total of 240 ROSS$^{(R)}$ broiler chickens of 1d old were assigned to six dietary treatments: Control, Antibiotics (6 ppm avilamycin), CS682-0.25 (CS682 0.25%), CS682-0.50, CS682-0.75 and CS682-1.00. There were significant (p<0.05) differences among treatments in feed conversion. The CS682-0.25 treatment was significantly (p<0.05) lower than Antibiotics and other CS682 treatments in 0~2 wk feed conversion. The CS682 treatments influenced MCV (mean corpuscular volume) in blood. The cfu of Escherichia coli in small intestinal content was lowest in Antibiotics treatment followed by CS682 treatments and Control. In Exp. 2, a total of 1,000 ROSS$^{(R)}$ broiler chickens of 1 d old were assigned to five dietary treatments: Control, Antibiotics (6 ppm avilamycin), DCS682-0.05 (DCS682$^{(R)}$ 0.05%), DCS682-0.10 and DCS682-0.20. There were significant differences (p<0.05) among treatments in mortality. The DCS682-0.20 treatment was lower than DCS682-0.10 in 0~3 wk and lower than Control in 0~5 wk mortality. Antibiotics treatment was lowest in all microbial population in small intestinal content. The cfu of E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium of DCS682 treatments were higher than Antibiotics treatment but lower than the Control. The results of present broiler experiments indicated that supplementation of 0.20~0.25% CS682 and DCS682, improve feed conversion, mortality and control harmful intestinal microbes.

Effects of Supplementary Copper Sources (Cu Sulfate, Cu-Methionine, Cu-Soy Proteinate) on the Performance Broiler Chickens (구리 공급원들(Cu Sulfate, Cu-Methionine, Cu-Soy Proteinate)의 첨가가 육계의 생산성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Mun-Ku;Kim, Chan-Ho;Shin, Dong-Hun;Jung, Byoung-Yun;Paik, In-Kee
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.121-128
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    • 2011
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Cu-sulfate, Cu-methionine chelate (Cu-Met) and Cu-soy proteinate (Cu-SP) on the performance, blood parameters and mineral contents of muscle. It was conducted with a total of 1,000 one d old broilers chickens (Ross$^{(R)}$) which were assigned to four dietary treatments; Control, Cu sulfate (200 ppm Cu as $CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$), Cu-Met (200 ppm Cu as Cu-methionine chelate), Cu-SP (200 ppm Cu as Cu-soy proteinate). There were significant differences (p<0.05) among treatments in weight gain. Weight gain of Cu treated groups were higher than the control during 3~5 wk. There were significant differences (p<0.05) among treatments in feed intake during 0~3 wk. Cu-Met was significantly (p<0.05) lower than the control but the differences among Cu treatments were not significant. There were significant differences (p<0.05) among treatments in feed conversion rate (FCR). Cu treated groups were lower than the control during the whole period. Production efficiency factor (PEF) was significantly higher (p<0.01) in Cu treated groups than the control. Nutrient availabilities of diets were not significantly different among the treatments. The count of white blood cell (WBC) and eosinophil (EO) were lower in Cu-SP treatment than in the control. Copper concentration in the liver was significantly (p<0.01) higher in Cu treated groups than the control. Zinc concentration in the breast and wing muscle was lower in Cu treated and that of leg muscle was higher in Cu-Met than the control. The result of this experiment showed that Cu supplementation at the level of 200 ppm as Cu sulfate, Cu-Met and Cu-SP improves weight gain (4~5 wk), FCR and PEF. Differences among Cu sources were not significant.

Development of System-Wide Functional Analysis Platform for Pathogenicity Genes in Magnaporthe oryzae

  • Park, Sook-Young;Choi, Jaehyuk;Choi, Jaeyoung;Kim, Seongbeom;Jeon, Jongbum;Kwon, Seomun;Lee, Dayoung;Huh, Aram;Shin, Miho;Jung, Kyungyoung;Jeon, Junhyun;Kang, Chang Hyun;Kang, Seogchan;Lee, Yong-Hwan
    • 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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    • 2014.10a
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    • pp.9-9
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    • 2014
  • Null mutants generated by targeted gene replacement are frequently used to reveal function of the genes in fungi. However, targeted gene deletions may be difficult to obtain or it may not be applicable, such as in the case of redundant or lethal genes. Constitutive expression system could be an alternative to avoid these difficulties and to provide new platform in fungal functional genomics research. Here we developed a novel platform for functional analysis genes in Magnaporthe oryzae by constitutive expression under a strong promoter. Employing a binary vector (pGOF1), carrying $EF1{\beta}$ promoter, we generated a total of 4,432 transformants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. We have analyzed a subset of 54 transformants that have the vector inserted in the promoter region of individual genes, at distances ranging from 44 to 1,479 bp. These transformants showed increased transcript levels of the genes that are found immediately adjacent to the vector, compared to those of wild type. Ten transformants showed higher levels of expression relative to the wild type not only in mycelial stage but also during infection-related development. Two transformants that T-DNA was inserted in the promotor regions of putative lethal genes, MoRPT4 and MoDBP5, showed decreased conidiation and pathogenicity, respectively. We also characterized two transformants that T-DNA was inserted in functionally redundant genes encoding alpha-glucosidase and alpha-mannosidase. These transformants also showed decreased mycelial growth and pathogenicity, implying successful application of this platform in functional analysis of the genes. Our data also demonstrated that comparative phenotypic analysis under over-expression and suppression of gene expression could prove a highly efficient system for functional analysis of the genes. Our over-expressed transformants library would be a valuable resource for functional characterization of the redundant or lethal genes in M. oryzae and this system may be applicable in other fungi.

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An Investigation of Glyceollin I's Inhibitory Effect on The Mammalian Adenylyl (글리세올린 I의 아데니닐 고리화 효소 활성 억제 효능과 결합 부위 비교 분석)

  • Kim, Dong-Chan;Kim, Nam Doo;Kim, Sung In;Jang, Chul-Soo;Kweon, Chang Oh;Kim, Byung Weon;Ryu, Jae-Ki;Kim, Hyun-Kyung;Lee, Suk Jun;Lee, Seungho;Kim, Dongjin
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.23 no.5
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    • pp.609-615
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    • 2013
  • Glyceollin I has gained attention as a useful therapy for various dermatological diseases. However, the binding property of glyceollin I to the mammalian adenylyl cyclase (hereafter mAC), a critical target enzyme for the down-regulation of skin melanogenesis, has not been fully explored. To clarify the action mechanism between glyceollin I and mAC, we first investigated the molecular docking property of glyceollin I to mAC and compared with that of SQ22,536, a well-known mAC inhibitor, to mAC. Glyceollin I showed superiority by forming three hydrogen bonds with Asp 1018, Trp 1020, and Asn 1025, which exist in the catalytic site of mAC. However, SQ22,536 formed only two hydrogen bonds with Asp 1018 and Asn 1025. Secondly, we confirmed that glyceollin I effectively inhibits the formation of forskolin-induced cAMP and the phosphorylation of PKA from a cell-based assay. Long term treatment with glyceollin I had little effect on the cell viability. The findings of the present study also suggest that glyceollin I may be extended to be used as an effective inhibitor of hyperpigmentation.

African Swine Fever Outbreak in North Korea and Cooperation between South and North Korea (북한지역에서 ASF발병 현황 및 남북수의협력에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, Chung Hui
    • Journal of Appropriate Technology
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.21-27
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    • 2020
  • The ASF, which originated in Africa and threatens the world, landed in Asia in 2018 in China, and became a stern threat to the security of the Korean Peninsula when North Korea officially reported the ASF to the OIE in May 2019. In 1921, Montgomery, a British veterinary pathologist, made headlines by naming the African swine fever "African Swine Fever," or ASF, a disease caused by a high fatality virus that existed in East Africa. The ASF, which was a pandemic of endemic diseases in Africa, landed in Portgal around 1957 and swept through farms in Lisbon, Portugal. The ASF continued to settle in Spain and Portugal, causing 40 years of damage until the end of the 1990s, and is now in progress after landing on the Italian island of Sardinia in 1978. The virus, which landed in Portiport of Georgia on the Black Sea coast of the Black Sea in 2007, spread to Russia and caused massive damage to China in 2018, then rapidly spread to Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar in May 2019 and spread across the country, causing massive damage to the pork industry and is now in progress. Just three months after confirming the outbreak in North Korea, the outbreak at farms in Paju and Yeoncheon was confirmed on Sept. 16, 2019, leaving South Korea with the stigma of ASF-causing countries, and although the ASF's nationwide expansion has been blocked, it is currently underway in wild boars. If the ongoing ASF in the two Koreas becomes indigenous, it would be a major disaster not only for the pork industry but also for the Korean Peninsula economy. Under the current circumstances, it is impossible to focus only on veterinary areas limited to South Korea, ruling out risk factors from the ASF outbreak. Currently, it is difficult to prevent damage to the pork industry due to the ASF outbreak due to the poor water defense reality in North Korea, and as it is adjacent to China, which has a high risk of developing various epidemic diseases, there is a need for the two Koreas to jointly conduct quarantine and quarantine on the border areas. First of all, I think rapid exchange of information and education on ASF and other diseases is necessary before establishing a joint defense system on the Korean Peninsula. It is important to conduct thorough quarantine and disinfection of ASF-generated areas in North Korea, and areas bordering China and Russia, and jointly conduct thorough quarantine and control of livestock and livestock products in circulation. Cooperation by the South and North Korean water defense industries to prevent the protracted ASF on the Korean Peninsula by all means and methods is essential.

Effect of Supplementary Actinomycetes (Nocardia sp. CS682) Ferment on the Laying Performance, Blood Parameters, Immunoglobulin and Small Intestinal Microflora Contents in Laying Hens (방선균(Nocardia sp. CS682) 발효물의 급여가 산란계의 생산성, 혈액성상, 면역글로불린 및 소장내 미생물 함량에 미치는 영향)

  • Rhee, Ah-Reum;Shin, Dong-Hun;Kim, Chan-Ho;Jung, Byoung-Yun;Yoo, Jin-Chul;Hong, Young-Ho;Paik, In-Kee
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.59-69
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    • 2011
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of CS682, a fermentation product of Actinomycetae(Nocardia sp. CS682), and its commercial product DSC682$^{(R)}$ on the performance, blood parameters, intestinal microflora, and immune response in laying hens. Hy-Line Brown$^{(R)}$ laying hens were housed in two bird cages. Feeding trial lasted 5 wk under 16.5 h:7.5 h(L:D) lighting regimen. In Exp.1, a total of 480 birds of 86 wk old were assigned to four dietary treatments: Control, Antibiotics (6 ppm avilamycin), CS682-0.1 (CS682 0.1%) and CS682-1.0 (CS682 1.0% supplementation). Each treatment was replicated five times with 24 birds (or 12 cages) per replication. In Exp. 2, a total of 1,000 birds of 26 wk old were assigned to five dietary treatments: Control, Antibiotics (6 ppm avilamycin), DCS682-0.05 (DCS682 0.05%), DCS682-0.1 (DCS682 0.1%), DCS682-0.2 (DCS682 0.2% supplementation). Each treatment was replicated five times with 40 birds (or 20 cages) per replication. In Exp. 1, there were no significant differences among treatments in egg production, egg weight, broken & soft egg production, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. Also, there were no significant differences among treatments in eggshell thickness, eggshell color and Haugh unit. However, eggshell strength was significantly (p<0.05) greater in CS682 and Antibiotics treatments than Control, and egg yolk color was significantly (p<0.05) higher in CS682-1.0 than Control. In Exp. 2, feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) lower in DSC682-0.05 than Control. Lightness(L) of Hunter Lab color of eggshell of DCS and Antibiotics treatments was significantly (p<0.05) lower than Control. Egg yolk color of DCS 0.1 and 0.2 treatments was significantly (p<0.05) higher than Control. Haugh unit increased significantly (p<0.05) in Antibiotics and DCS682-0.1 treatments. The immunoglobulin levels of plasma (IgG and IgA) and eggyolk (IgY) were not significantly affected by treatments. Antibiotics and CS682 or DCS682 treatments significantly (p<0.05 or 0.01) influenced some of the erythrocytes and leukocytes parameters in blood. In Exp.1, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) decreased by CS682 treatments and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) was highest in Antibiotics treatments. In Exp.2, the level of monocyte (MO) decreased in DCS682-0.10 and 0.20 treatments. The cfu of C. perfringens and S. typhimurium in small intestinal content were highest in Control and lowest in Antibiotics in both experiments. In Exp. 2, DSC682-0.05 and -0.1 treatments were highest and Antibiotic treatment was lowest in Lactobacilli spp. The results of the present layer experiments indicated that supplementation of 0.1~0.2% CS682 or DCS682 may increase eggshell strength, color of eggshell and eggyolk, Haugh unit, and control harmful intestinal microbes.