• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.203-211
• /
• 2015

Maize is the dominant cereal crop produced in the US. One of the main fungal pathogens of maize is Fusarium verticillioides, the causative agent of ear and stalk rots. Significantly, the fungus produces a group of mycotoxins - fumonisins - on infested kernels, which have been linked to various illnesses in humans and animals. Nonetheless, durable resistance against F. verticillioides in maize is not currently available. In Texas, over 2.1 million acres of maize are vulnerable to fumonisin contamination, but understanding of the distribution of toxigenic F. verticillioides in maize-producing areas is currently lacking. Our goal was to investigate the genetic variability of F. verticillioides in Texas with an emphasis on fumonisin trait and geographical distribution. A total of 164 F. verticillioides cultures were isolated from 65 maize-producing counties. DNA from each isolate was extracted and analyzed by PCR for the presence of FUM1- a key fumonisin biosynthesis gene - and mating type genes. Results showed that all isolates are in fact F. verticillioides capable of producing fumonisins with a 1:1 mating-type gene ratio in the population. To further study the genetic diversity of the population, isolates were analyzed using RAPD fingerprinting. Polymorphic markers were identified and the analysis showed no clear correlation between the RAPD profile of the isolates and their corresponding geographical origin. Our data suggest the toxigenic F. verticillioides population in Texas is widely distributed wherever maize is grown. We also hypothesize that the population is fluid, with active movement and genetic recombination occurring in the field.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.235-242
• /
• 2007

한라산국립공원에 서식하는 포유류의 현황을 파악하기 위하여 성판악, 어리목, 관음사, 영실, 돈네코 지역을 조사하였다. 조사는 2006년 4월부터 2007년 1월까지 이루어졌다. 조사 결과, 서식이 확인된 포유류는 5목 8과 15종이었으며, 제주등줄쥐(Apodemus chejuensis), 노루(Carpreolus pygargus tianschanicns), 관박쥐(Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), 다람쥐(Tamias sibiriricus barberi)가 우점종으로 나타났다. 한라산에 서식하는 포유류는 제주족제비(Mustela sibirica quelpartis), 제주땃쥐(Crocidura dsinezmi quelpartis), 제주멧밭쥐(Micromys minutus hertigi), 한라산뒤쥐(Sorex caecutiens hallamontanus) 등 분류학적으로 지리적 아종 수준의 지역개체군이 존재하는 생물지리학적 특징을 나타내고 있었다. 제주도의 포유류상은 한반도 내륙의 포유류상에 비해 보다 종 구성에 있어 단순한 편으로, 박쥐류와 쥐류만이 주를 이루고 있었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.362-369
• /
• 2013

Agastache rugosa, a member of the mint family (Labiatae), is a perennial herb widely distributed in East Asian countries. It is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of cholera, vomiting, and miasma. This study assessed the genetic diversity and population structures on 65 accessions of Korean mint A. rugosa germplasm based on inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The selected nine ISSR primers produced reproducible polymorphic banding patterns. In total, 126 bands were scored; 119 (94.4%) were polymorphic. The number of bands generated per primer varied from 7 to 18. A minimum of seven bands was generated by primer 874, while a maximum of 18 bands was generated by the primer 844. Six primers (815, 826, 835, 844, 868, and 874) generated 100% polymorphic bands. This was supported by other parameters such as total gene diversity ($H_T$) values, which ranged from 0.112 to 0.330 with a mean of 0.218. The effective number of alleles ($N_E$) ranged from 1.174 to 1.486 with a mean value of 1.351. Nei's genetic diversity (H) mean value was 0.218, and Shannon's information index (I) mean value was 0.343. The high values for total gene diversity, effective number of alleles, Nei's genetic diversity, and Shannon's information index indicated substantial variations within the population. Cluster analysis showed characteristic grouping, which is not in accordance with their geographical affiliation. The implications of the results of this study in developing a strategy for the conservation and breeding of A. rugosa and other medicinal plant germplasm are discussed.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제105권4호
• /
• pp.414-421
• /
• 2016

국내 당단풍나무 집단의 유전다양성, 유전분화 및 유연관계를 알아보기 위해 AFLP 분석을 실시하였다. 14개 당단풍나무 집단에 대한 7개 AFLP 프라이머 조합을 적용한 결과 유효대립유전자 수($A_e$)가 1.4개, 다형적 유전자좌 비율(%P)이 82.2%, Shannon의 다양성 지수(I)가 0.358, 이형접합도 기대치($H_e$)가 0.231이었고, 베이즈 방법으로 추론한 이형접합도 기대치(Hj)는 0.253으로 나타났다. 당단풍나무의 유전다양성은 단풍나무속 수종들과 비교했을 때 중간수준이었고, 생활사나 생태적 특성이 유사한 수종들에 비해 낮았다. 베이즈 방법으로 추정된 평균 $F_{IS}$값은 0.712로 나타나 자가수분이나 근연관계 개체 간 교배에 의한 동형접합체 증가가 유전다양성에 영향을 준 것으로 생각된다. AMOVA로 추정한 당단풍나무의 유전분화율(${\Phi}_{ST}$)은 0.107이었고, 베이즈 방법으로 추정한 유전분화율(${\Phi}^{II}$)은 0.110이었다. 당단풍나무는 생활사나 생태적 특성이 유사한 종들에 비해 유전분화가 적게 이루어진 것으로 나타났다. 유연 관계 분석에서 울릉도 집단은 내륙의 집단들과 유전적으로 가장 상이한 집단으로 나타났다. 울릉도 집단은 유전다양성이 가장 낮은 집단으로서, 내륙의 집단 일부가 이주하면서 생긴 창시자 효과와 유전적 부동에 의해 유전다양성 감소가 이루어졌고 내륙과의 지리적 격리로 인해 유전자 교류가 감소했기 때문으로 추정된다.

• 대한지리학회지
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.375-391
• /
• 2015

한국 대부분의 해안사구 지역은 방사림이 조성되어 있으며, 방사림을 보전해야한다는 의견이 많다. 그렇지만 해안사구가 지닌 해안생태계 영양 순환의 역할이나 다양한 생물의 서식처 역할의 측면에서 방사림에 의한 식생피복 단순화에 대해 재고할 필요가 있다. 방사림이 조성되어 있는 서해안 병술안 해안사구지대의 퇴적물을 대상으로, 바다로부터의 이격 정도, 식생피복, 그리고 사구 미지형의 측면으로 나누어 물리 화학적 살펴보았다. 배아사구와 전사구 간 퇴적물의 물리 화학적 특성은 큰 차이를 보였지만 전사구와 2차사구 간 특성의 차이는 크지 않았다. 곰솔림과 혼합림으로 나누어 비교했을 때 물리 화학적 특성이 서로 극명하게 다르지 않았다. 마지막으로 사구열과 사구저지를 비교하였을 때에도 지화학적 다양성은 뚜렷하지 않았다. 외형적으로 확인되는 공간적 다양성에도 불구하고 퇴적물의 지화학적 다양성이 연계되어 나타나지 않는 것은 전사구까지 조밀하게 조림된 방사림의 영향으로 판단된다. 따라서 해안사구의 본연의 특성을 회복하기 위해서는 방사림의 일부를 지형적 생태적으로 역동적이며 다양하도록 조성해 나가는 방안을 고려할 필요가 있다.

• 복식
• /
• 제63권3호
• /
• pp.151-165
• /
• 2013

This paper aims to examine the implications of the global market for Korean textile and fashion firms with regard to recent changes in the international business environment to improve the corporative management to the level that the global economy demands. The trade and business environment is moving toward the paradigm of glocalism. As the geographical scope of the market and business environment continues to expand with the aid of technological development, demands for global standards as a means to offer universal validity in business settings have been raised. The glocalized society values diversity as a notion beyond global standardization. The world trade orders are subject to free trade; however, protectionism has substantially promoted trade barriers in the name of the environment and safety issues, ethical managements, and intellectual property rights. For sustainable development in the global market, Korean firms should strive to implement global standards related to these issues and corporate social responsibility in their business settings.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
• /
• 제27권spc호
• /
• pp.635-650
• /
• 2016

This study analyzed rural experiential educational programs that are currently in operation and examined the programs' reflection of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) to explore the significance of those programs in terms of the ESD. In particular, this study analyzed cases of rural experiential educational programs from four villages in the capital region, Gyeongsang, Jeolla, and Chungcheong. The analysis results are as follows. Four villages' experiential educational programs share similar activities, such as nature experience, farming, traditional food and culture, games in nature, and craft. Each village has special programs and managements according to their geographical and environmental conditions. In addition, those programs are related to the ESD elements of health food, and cultural diversity (in sociocultural area) and of species diversity and environmental issues (in environmental area). On the other hand, the ESD elements in economic areas are not related to those programs. In addition, most of the villages plan and run experiential educational programs to keep and develop their own villages' sustainability. Rural experiential educational programs need to include various elements of ESD to develop rural communities.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.368-386
• /
• 1994

The primary purpose of this study was to identify the diversity and embellishment of American Indian clothing and relationship between culture and clothing in American Indian Culture Areas. After the introduction of European material culture, change in American Indian clothing was conducted. The result of the Study as follows: 1. The most influential factors affecting the diversity of American Indian clothing were environmental factors. Climates and geographical features, Raw material were reflected in clothing style and clothing material in each culture Area. 2. Economic situation and life style were shown to be influential to clothing development. The best known instance of this was greatly elaborated clothing and personal adornment of the Plains who had higher stand of life and nomadic life style. 3. Religious concepts were important factors influencing American Indian clothing. Indian tribes had different ritual performance they used particular motifs in clothing. Clothing, such as "ghost shirt", Apache medicine shirt and Pueblo ceremonial clothing, served hidden pur- poses. 4. Techenology was another factor identified in this study as influencing American Indian clothing. Especially, weaving skills of Southwest played a great role in textile development. Pueblo "manta" and Navaho "bil" were famous for Indian costume. 5. European material culture allowed great change of traditional native Indian clothing. American Indian had new material, new styles, new concept of clothing. 6. American Indian, although Indian applicated European trade goods, was actually quite conservative in retaining traditional designs and modes of decoration. Asthetics and traction of American Indian were reflected in American Indian clothing.d in American Indian clothing.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.247-254
• /
• 2013

Collected germplasms of five representative dandelion species (Taraxacum ohwianum, T. platycarpum, T. platypecidum, T. officinale, and T. coreanum) were 104 lines from different habitates in Korea and China. Their genetic diversity was analyzed by genomic fingerprinting method using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). AFLP results of 6 primer combinations were revealed 1,176 total DNA fragments and 523 polymorphic bands with a 44.4% ratio of polymorphism. On the basis of similarity coefficient analysis by unweight pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA), 104 dandelion germplasm lines were ranged from 0.64 to 0.99 and clustered distinct five group depending on the species. Furthermore, a principal coordinate analysis (PCA) by the application of multi-variate analysis indicated significantly greater differences among species than geographical origins.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.902-912
• /
• 2020

Objective: Mongolia is one of a few countries that supports over 25 million goats, but genetic diversity, demographic history, and the origin of goat populations in Mongolia have not been well studied. This study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity, phylogenetic status and population structure of Mongolian native goats, as well as to discuss their origin together with other foreign breeds from different countries using hypervariable region 1 (HV1) in mtDNA. Methods: In this study, we examined the genetic diversity and phylogenetic status of Mongolian native goat populations using a 452 base-pair long fragment of HVI of mitochondrial DNA from 174 individuals representing 12 populations. In addition, 329 previously published reference sequences from different regions were included in our phylogenetic analyses. Results: Investigated native Mongolian goats displayed relatively high genetic diversities. After sequencing, we found a total of 109 polymorphic sites that defined 137 haplotypes among investigated populations. Of these, haplotype and nucleotide diversities of Mongolian goats were calculated as 0.997±0.001 and 0.0283±0.002, respectively. These haplotypes clearly clustered into four haplogroups (A, B, C, and D), with the predominance of haplogroup A (90.8%). Estimates of pairwise differences (Fst) and the analysis of molecular variance values among goat populations in Mongolia showed low genetic differentiation and weak geographical structure. In addition, Kazakh, Chinese (from Huanghuai and Leizhou), and Arabian (Turkish and Baladi breeds) goats had smaller genetic differentiation compared to Mongolian goats. Conclusion: In summary, we report novel information regarding genetic diversity, population structure, and origin of Mongolian goats. The findings obtained from this study reveal that abundant haplogroups (A to D) occur in goat populations in Mongolia, with high levels of haplotype and nucleotide diversity.