• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.294-302
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• 2020

In a genetic algorithm, computer simulations are performed based on the natural evolution process of life, such as selection, crossover, and mutation. The genetic algorithm searches the approximate optimal solution by the parallel arrangement of Schema, which has a short definition length, low order, and high adaptability. This study examined the possibility of improving the efficiency of the optimal solution by considering the characteristics of the building block hypothesis, which are one of the key operating principles of a genetic algorithm. This study evaluated the efficiency of the optimization results according to the gene sequence for the implementation in solving problems. The optimal design problem of the water pipe was selected, and the genetic arrangement order reflected the engineering specificity by dividing into the existing, the network topology-based, and the flowrate-based arrangement. The optimization results with a flowrate-based arrangement were, on average, approximately 2-3% better than the other batches. This means that to increase the efficiency of the actual engineering optimization problem, a methodology that utilizes clear prior knowledge (such as hydraulic properties) to prevent such excellent solution characteristics from disappearing is essential. The proposed method will be considered as a tool to improve the efficiency of large-scale water supply network optimization in the future.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the characteristics of achondroplasia (ACH) diagnosed in fetuses or neonates and to evaluate the usefulness of a molecular genetic testing to confirm ACH. Materials and Methods: The medical and ultrasonographic records of 16 pregnant women, who had molecular genetic testing for ACH performed on their fetus or neonate at the Cheil General Hospital between February 1999 and April 2013, were retrospectively analyzed. Detection of G1138A and G1138C mutations of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene was accomplished by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results: Of the eight fetuses and two neonates who were suspected of having ACH during pregnancy, four fetuses and one neonate was confirmed to have ACH and they all carried the heterozygous G1138A mutation. Out of 6 cases which had a history of ACH in prior pregnancies, three had genetic information for the previous fetuses while the other three did not. All six fetuses had no mutations at G380R. However, the one fetus of pregnant woman with non-confirmed ACH showed shortened long bone on ultrasound thereafter and the fetus was identified as having oto-spondylo-megaepiphyseal dysplasia after birth. Conclusion: Korean patients with achondroplasia have the heterozygous G1138A mutation that is most commonly defined in other countries. Molecular genetic evaluations of ACH are helpful not only for establishing diagnosis but for appropriate counseling with subsequent pregnancies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.433-439
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• 2020

This study, which was designed to improve and increase the utilization of female elk, examined the possibility of collecting their embryos during the non-reproductive period using ultrasound-guided Ovum Pick-Up (OPU) technology. Once follicles in the ovaries of an elk were observed, the embryos were retrieved through the absorption of the follicles using an OPU ultrasound probe. Fifty-seven embryos were retrieved from 85 follicles, giving a retrieval rate of 67.1%. Morphological evaluation of the recovered embryos revealed 14.0% embryos to be in grade A, 19.2% in grade B, 15.7% in grade C, and 50.8% in grade D. The developmental efficiency of the retrieved embryos was also investigated using in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization, and in vitro culture. After cultivating 28 embryos through in vitro fertilization, 19 embryos were found to be fertilized; the fertilization rate was 67.9%. Four embryos developed to the blastocyst stage, indicating a 14.3% development rate. This study confirmed that the production of fertilized embryos from a seasonal breeder, such as elk, is possible via the ultrasound-guided OPU method. If the efficiency of in vitro fertilization and in vitro culture can be improved through further research, it will help improve the efficiency of elk embryo production through the transplantation of their fertilized embryos.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2008

The study aimed to estimate genetic parameters of body weights in Hanwoo steers using random regression model and compare it with single trait animal model. A total of 1,372 Hanwoo steers that belonged to progeny testing program of the Hanwoo Genetic Improvement conducted at the Livestock Improvement Main Center of the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation (LIMC-NACF) in Rep. of Korea were used. Results of the random regression model fitting quadratic function revealed heritability values from 0.17 to 0.30 for the whole testing days up to 800 days. The results of the animal model showed estimated heritability values ranged from 0.24 to 0.36. Estimates of permanent environmental correlations tended to increase with increasing test in days. Unlike in the direct genetic correlation that at early stage the estimate was slightly negative it was 0.30 then increased to approach unity at later stage of test. Comparing the results between random regression model and the animal model showed not much differences and both followed similar pattern and therefore the use of random regression model for the national genetic evaluation of Hanwoo could be implemented.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1836-1843
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• 2019

Objective: Social genetic effects (SGE) are an important genetic component for growth, group productivity, and welfare in pigs. The present study was conducted to evaluate i) the feasibility of the single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) approach with the inclusion of SGE in the model in pigs, and ii) the changes in the contribution of heritable SGE to the phenotypic variance with different scaling ${\omega}$ constants for genomic relationships. Methods: The dataset included performance tested growth rate records (average daily gain) from 13,166 and 21,762 pigs Landrace (LR) and Yorkshire (YS), respectively. A total of 1,041 (LR) and 964 (YS) pigs were genotyped using the Illumina PorcineSNP60 v2 BeadChip panel. With the BLUPF90 software package, genetic parameters were estimated using a modified animal model for competitive traits. Giving a fixed weight to pedigree relationships (${\tau}:1$), several weights (${\omega}_{xx}$, 0.1 to 1.0; with a 0.1 interval) were scaled with the genomic relationship for best model fit with Akaike information criterion (AIC). Results: The genetic variances and total heritability estimates ($T^2$) were mostly higher with ssGBLUP than in the pedigree-based analysis. The model AIC value increased with any level of ${\omega}$ other than 0.6 and 0.5 in LR and YS, respectively, indicating the worse fit of those models. The theoretical accuracies of direct and social breeding value were increased by decreasing ${\omega}$ in both breeds, indicating the better accuracy of ${\omega}_{0.1}$ models. Therefore, the optimal values of ${\omega}$ to minimize AIC and to increase theoretical accuracy were 0.6 in LR and 0.5 in YS. Conclusion: In conclusion, single-step ssGBLUP model fitting SGE showed significant improvement in accuracy compared with the pedigree-based analysis method; therefore, it could be implemented in a pig population for genomic selection based on SGE, especially in South Korean populations, with appropriate further adjustment of tuning parameters for relationship matrices.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.720-734
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• 2023

In Korea, Korea Proven Bulls (KPN) program has been well-developed. Breeding and evaluation of cows are also an essential factor to increase earnings and genetic gain. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of cow breeding value by using three methods (pedigree index [PI], pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction [PBLUP], and genomic-BLUP [GBLUP]). The reference population (n = 16,971) was used to estimate breeding values for 481 females as a test population. The accuracy of GBLUP was 0.63, 0.66, 0.62 and 0.63 for carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), back-fat thickness (BFT), and marbling score (MS), respectively. As for the PBLUP method, accuracy of prediction was 0.43 for CWT, 0.45 for EMA, 0.43 for MS, and 0.44 for BFT. Accuracy of PI method was the lowest (0.28 to 0.29 for carcass traits). The increase by approximate 20% in accuracy of GBLUP method than other methods could be because genomic information may explain Mendelian sampling error that pedigree information cannot detect. Bias can cause reducing accuracy of estimated breeding value (EBV) for selected animals. Regression coefficient between true breeding value (TBV) and GBLUP EBV, PBLUP EBV, and PI EBV were 0.78, 0.625, and 0.35, respectively for CWT. This showed that genomic EBV (GEBV) is less biased than PBLUP and PI EBV in this study. In addition, number of effective chromosome segments (M_e) statistic that indicates the independent loci is one of the important factors affecting the accuracy of BLUP. The correlation between M_e and the accuracy of GBLUP is related to the genetic relationship between reference and test population. The correlations between M_e and accuracy were -0.74 in CWT, -0.75 in EMA, -0.73 in MS, and -0.75 in BF, which were strongly negative. These results proved that the estimation of genetic ability using genomic data is the most effective, and the smaller the M_e, the higher the accuracy of EBV.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.24.1-24.4
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• 2018

Taxonomic identification is fundamental to all microbiology studies. Particularly in metagenomics, which identifies the composition of microorganisms using thousands of sequences, its importance is even greater. Identification is inevitably affected by the choice of database. This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of three widely used 16S databases-Greengenes, Silva, and EzBioCloud-and to suggest basic guidelines for selecting reference databases. Using public mock community data, each database was used to assign taxonomy and to test its accuracy. We show that EzBioCloud performs well compared with other existing databases.

• Archives of Obesity and Metabolism
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2022

While the rising epidemic of obesity is primarily attributed to a sedentary lifestyle, poor dietary habits, and the aging of the population, secondary causes of obesity generally go undetected and untreated. These include endocrinological disorders, such as Cushing's syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic obesity, hypogonadism, and hypothyroidism, as well as genetic, syndromic, and drug-related obesity. We present an overview of the major disorders associated with obesity, highlighting the pathophysiologic mechanisms and discussing the diagnostic and treatment strategies that are most helpful to practicing physicians in recognizing and treating these generally under-detected and undertreated disorders.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2023

Pork is known as one of the preferred part of meat worldwide. Especially, the belly, known as 'Samgyeopsal' in South Korea, has been preferred by consumers in South Korea. Pork belly contained various component muscles, intermuscular and subcutaneous fat. The high-fat belly cut (containing 50%-60% fat ratio) has a low preference in South Korea whereas, the standard belly cut (20%-40% fat ratio) of the consumer preference was different. In addition, the evaluation system focused on lean meat production, represented by loin eye area and back fat thickness. In this review, we discussed the pork belly structure, phenotypic correlation with lean meat production ability and meat quality, and genetic potential to confirm to possibility of application to pig breeding. Moreover, the confirmed possibilities considered that could be a base on the evaluation of standard for the pork belly as an economic trait.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2004

The validation of many synthetic chemicals that may pose a genetic hazard in our environment is of great concern at present. Since these substances are not limited to the original products, and enter the environment, they have become widespread environmental pollutants, thus leading to a variety of chemicals that possibly threaten the public health. In this respect, the regulation and evaluation of the chemical hazard playa very important role to environment and human health. The clastogenicity of 11 synthetic chemicals was evaluated in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast in vitro. Benzoyl chloride (CAS No. 98-88-4) induced chromosomal aberrations with statistical significance at the concentration of 31-123 $\mug/ml$ and 43 $\mug/ml$ in the absence and presence of S-9 metabolic activation system, respectively. 2-Propyn-l-o1 (CAS No. 107-19-7) and 2-Phenoxy ethanol (CAS No. 122-99-6) revealed clastogenicity only at the highest concentration in the presence of S-9 mixture. However, 1-naphthol (CAS No. 90-15-3) which is one of the most cytotoxic chemical among 11 chemicals tested revealed no clastogenicity both in the presence and absence of S-9 metabolic activation system. From the results of chromosomal aberration assay with 11 synthetic chemicals in CHL fibroblast in vitro, Benzoyl chloride (CAS No. 98-88-4), 2-Propyn-l-01 (CAS No. 107-19-7) and 2-Phenoxy ethanol (CAS No. 122-99-6) revealed positive clastogenic results in this study.