• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2008

Objectives : Neurological soft signs have been regarded as endophenotypes associated with the genetic basis of schizophrenia. This study was to investigate the intra-familial correlations of the neurological soft signs according to their genetic loading. Methods : Schizophrenic patients(N=14) were included, who had one parent with a family history of schizophrenia and the other without it. Genetic loading was determined by the patient's family history of schizophrenia using the Family Interview for Genetic Studies(FIGS). These parents were subdivided into two groups. The first group was designated as 'presumed carriers'(N=9) of genetic loading, who had one or more schizophreic firstor second-degree relatives. The second group was designated as 'presumed non-carriers'(N=11) of genetic loading, who had no schizophrenic first- or second-degree relatives. Normal controls(N=12) consisted of people without schizophrenic relatives. NSS were evaluated using the Neurological Evaluation Scale-Korean Version (NES-K), and the intra-familial correlations of NSS were tested using the Intra-Class Coefficients(ICC) method. Results : The scores of Motor Coordination subdimension of NES-K were significantly correlated between the patients and their presumed carriers(ICC=.804, p=.016), but not significantly correlated between the patients and their presumed noncarriers. In other subdimensions of NES-K, no significant correlation were found between the patients and their parents regardless of the genetic loading. But, there were no statistically significant differences in the scores of Motor Coordination subdimension of NES-K between the patients and controls. Conclusion : This study did not prove that the neurological soft signs might be an endophenotype of schizophrenia that cosegregate with the genetic loading. The future study using more subjects than this would be needed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.4
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• pp.472-485
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• 2016

The main purpose of this research was to develop a multi-level evaluation framework for the management effectiveness of the Forest Genetic Resources Reserve (FGRR) at both the system level and the site level. The initial system level Management Effectiveness Evaluation (MEE) framework for FGRR was developed based on the MEE Framework designed by IUCN WCPA and MEE framework for Korean National Parks that was designed jointly by IUCN, the Korean Ministry of Environment, and the Korea National Park Service. Several indicators were added or modified considering characteristics of the FGRR. The final system level MEE frameworks consisted of 6 categories with total of 39 criteria and 42 indicators based on expert survey results. The initial site-level MEE framework was developed based on the site level MEE framework for Korean National Parks that was designed jointly by IUCN, the Korean Ministry of Environment, and the Korea National Park Service. The final site level MEE framework consisted of 6 categories with total of 16 criteria and 40 indicators based on both an expert survey and an intensive workshop with the officers in charge of managing the FGRR from the Korea Forest Service and local governments.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1372-1380
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 자연언어 문장의 객관적 정량적인 질 측정 방법의 구축에 대해 설명하고, 이를 문장 퇴고 시스템의 사례에 적용해 본다. 문장의 질을 평가한다는 것은 본질적으로 주관적이고 정량화가 어려운 작업이기 때문에, 이 과정에서 질의 객관적 계량화가 가능한지 여부가 가장 중요한 문제가 된다. 이 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 진화적 접근 방법을 통해 객관적이고 정량적인 질의 측정 공식을 유도하는 방법론을 제시하였다. 이 논문에서 제시한 방법론의 핵심은 간단히 말해서 사람이 행하는 정성적인 판단을, 이에 가장 근접하는 정량적 측정 체계로 전환시키는 것이라고 보면 된다. 이것을 위해 정량화 문제를 문장의 단순 언어 특징들의 변화값을 이용한 최적화 문제로 환원시키고, 다시 이 최적화 문제를 유전자 알고리즘을 이용해 해결함으로써 문제를 효과적으로 해결할 수 있었다. 실험 결과를 보면, 본 논문에서 제시한 최적화 방법은 주어진 훈련용 예제와 검증용 예제 중 각각 99.84%, 99.88%를 만족시키는 해를 찾아내었으므로 정량적 질 평가 공식의 유도에 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 도출된 측정 공식을 이용해서 실제 퇴고 시스템 평가에 적용한 결과 문장 질의 측정에 매우 유용하게 이용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같이 질의 정량적 평가가 가능하다는 사실이 갖는 또 한가지 중요한 의미는 최종 사용자의 구매 의사나 개발자의 공학적 의사 결정을 위한 객관적 성능 평가 자료의 제공에 이 방법이 유용하게 사용될 수 있다는 점이다.Abstract This paper describes a method of building a quantitative measure of the quality of natural language sentences, particularly produced by document revision systems. Evaluating the quality of natural language sentences is intrinsically subjective, so what is most important as to the evaluation is whether the quality can be measured objectively. To solve such problem of objective measurability, genetic algorithm, an evolutionary learning method, is employed in this paper. The underlying standpoint of this approach is that building the quality measures is a task of constructing a formulae that produces as close results as can to the qualitative decisions made by humans. For doing this, the problem of measurability has been simply reduced to an optimization problem using the change of the values of simple linguistic parameters found in sentences, and the reduced problem has been solved effectively by the genetic algorithm. Experimental result shows that the optimization task satisfied 99.84% and 99.88% of the given objectives for training and validation samples, respectively, which means the method is quite effective in constructing the quantitative measure of the quality of natural language sentences. The actual evaluation result of a revision system shows that the measure is useful to quantize the quality of sentences. Another important contribution of this measure would be to provide an objective performance evaluation data of natural language systems on a basis of which end-users and developers can make their decision to fit their own needs.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.203-214
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• 2017

There are two references of genetic information in Korean soybean cultivar. This study suggested that the new seven genetic information to supplement the uncertainty on prediction of potential yield of two references in soybean, and assessed the availability of two references and seven genetic information for future research. We carried out evaluate the prediction on flowering time and potential yield of the two references of genetic parameters and the new seven genetic parameters (New1~New7); the new seven genetic parameters were calibrated in Jinju, Suwon, Chuncheon during 2003-2006. As a result, in the individual and regional combination genetic parameters, the statistical indicators of the genetic parameters of the each site or the genetic parameters of the participating stations showed improved results, but did not significant. In Daegu, Miryang, and Jeonju, the predictability on flowering time of genetic parameters of New7 was not improved than that of two references. However, the genetic parameters of New7 showed improvement of predictability on potential yield. No predictability on flowering time of genetic parameters of two references as having the coefficient of determination ($R^2$) on flowering time respectively, at 0.00 and 0.01, but the predictability of genetic parameter of New7 was improved as $R^2$ on flowering time of New7 was 0.31 in Miryang. On the other hand, $R^2$ on potential yield of genetic parameters of two references were respectively 0.66 and 0.41, but no predictability on potential yield of genetic parameter of New7 as $R^2$ of New7 showed 0.00 in Jeonju. However, it is expected that the regional combination genetic parameters with the good evaluation can be utilized to predict the flowering timing and potential yields of other regions. Although it is necessary to analyze further whether or not the input data is uncertain.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.473-480
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• 2003

In order to control the genetic background noise in QTL mapping, cofactor markers were incorporated in single marker analysis (SMACO) and interval mapping (CIM). A simulation was performed to see how effective the cofactors were by the number of QTL, the number and the type of markers, and the marker spacing. The results of QTL mapping for the simulated data showed that the use of cofactors was slightly effective when detecting a single QTL. On the other hand, a considerable improvement was observed when dealing with more than one QTL. Genetic background noise was efficiently absorbed with linked markers rather than unlinked markers. Furthermore, the efficiency was different in QTL mapping depending on the type of linked markers. Well-chosen markers in both SMACO and CIM made the range of linkage position for a significant QTL narrow and the estimates of QTL effects accurate. Generally, 3 to 5 cofactors offered accurate results. Over-fitting was a problem with many regressor variables when the heritability was small. Various marker spacing from 4 to 20 cM did not change greatly the detection of multiple QTLs, but they were less efficient when the marker spacing exceeded 30 cM. Likelihood ratio increased with a large heritability, and the threshold heritability for QTL detection was between 0.30 and 0.05.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Recently, researches are studied in developing efficient techniques for accessing, querying, and managing XML documents which are frequently used in the Internet. In this paper, we propose a new method to cluster XML documents efficiently. An element of a XML document corresponds to a node of the corresponding tree and an inclusion relationship of the document corresponds to a relationship between parent and child node of the tree. Therefore, similar XML documents are similar to the node's name and level of the corresponding trees. We make evaluation function with this characteristic to cluster XML documents by genetic algorithm. The experiment shows that our proposed method has better performance than other existing methods.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.267-275
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• 2004

Directed graph and Lindenmayer system (L-system) are two major encoding methods of representation to develop creatures in application field of artificial life. It is difficult to define real morphology structurally using the L-systems which are a grammatical rewriting system because L-systems represent genotype as loops, procedure calls, variables, and parameters. This paper defines a class of representations called structured directed graph, which is identified by its ability to define structures of the genotype in the translation to the phenotype, and presents an example of creating 3D flowers using a directed graph which is proper method to represent real morphology, and interactive genetic algorithm which decodes the problem with human's emotional evaluation. The experimental results show that natural flower morphology can be generated by the proposed method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.116.1-116
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• 2003

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae is a fungal pathogen causing wilt disease on strawberry. The RAPD and RFLP of IGS region of rDNA were used to identify genetic affinity among 22 isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. fagariae obtained from various location of major strawberry cultivating areas in Korea. Approximately 2.6kb DNA fragment was amplified with primer CNS1 and CNL12, and polymorphisms were observed with Avail and HinfI. A dendrogram was constructed using the UPGMA for cluster analysis. Eight distinct groups were clustered based on the banding pattern obtained from RAPD and rDNA RFLP. There was high level genetic variation among Korean isolates of Fusarium of sporum f. sp. fragariae.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.94-97
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• 2017

The choice of strain, substrate, and environmental conditions are fundamental factors that determine the ability of a fungus to develop and produce mushrooms with high quality. The objective of this study was to compare the strains of Lentinula edodes and Ganoderma lucidum originated from South Korea and Brazil in relation to their vegetative development in different culture media, to obtain isolates with high quality. The strains of the two mushroom species from Brazil and South Korea grew slowly, possibly because of abiotic factors or storage technique used. However, it may be concluded that temperature, humidity, light, pH, and nutrients from the substrate, if not regulated appropriately may affect the vegetative species.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.346-350
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• 2009

The cultivated radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a major vegetable crop in the world wide and fast-growing species that grows inhabitats of six continents. It is very important to determine hybrid seed purity in the production of hybrid Brassica vegetable seeds to avoid unacceptable contamination with self-inbred (sib) seeds. The use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers for evaluating seed purity in $F_2$-hybrid radish cultivars demonstrated. One hundred eighty seeds from the F1 male and female harvest were subsequently screened for seed purity using 13 primers. The 13 primers result in 17 cultivar-specific bands and 23 variable RAPD bands scored for cultivar. RAPD analysis of hybrid seeds from the harvest revealed 128 seeds tested except underdevelopment and decayed seeds were sibs. Especially, $F_2$ hybrids of radish, OPC13, OPD20 were presented clear hybrid bands. It maintains higher than average level of genetic diversity compared with their correspondent parents. RAPD amplification of DNA extracted from germinated individuals from the female harvest reveal that 10 of 208 seeds tested were self-inbred (4.8%). RAPD analysis of hybrid seeds from the male harvest revealed 7 of the 208 seeds tested were sibs (3.4%). The RAPD may lead to a better insight in to the hybrid seed purity.