• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.10-24
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• 2014

Genetic diversity and differentiation of 50 Colletotrichum spp. isolates from legume crops studied through multigene loci, RAPD and ISSR analysis. DNA sequence comparisons by six genes (ITS, ACT, Tub2, CHS-1, GAPDH, and HIS3) verified species identity of C. truncatum, C. dematium and C. gloeosporiodes and identity C. capsici as a synonym of C. truncatum. Based on the matrix distance analysis of multigene sequences, the Colletotrichum species showed diverse degrees of intera and interspecific divergence (0.0 to 1.4%) and (15.5-19.9), respectively. A multilocus molecular phylogenetic analysis clustered Colletotrichum spp. isolates into 3 well-defined clades, representing three distinct species; C. truncatum, C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides. The ISSR and RAPD and cluster analysis exhibited a high degree of variability among different isolates and permitted the grouping of isolates of Colletotrichum spp. into three distinct clusters. Distinct populations of Colletotrichum spp. isolates were genetically in accordance with host specificity and inconsistent with geographical origins. The large population of C. truncatum showed greater amounts of genetic diversity than smaller populations of C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides species. Results of ISSR and RAPD markers were congruent, but the effective maker ratio and the number of private alleles were greater in ISSR markers.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2001

We have studied the genetic differences among four isolates of Trichinella including a new strain of Trichinella spiralis (ISS 623) recently found from a human case who took a badger in Korea. Because they have a different host origin and came from geographically separated regions, we supposed the genetic pattern of the isolates might be different as had been previously reported. It was analysed by PCR-RFLP analysis of the rDNA repeat that can readily distinguish a species or strain from others. Isolated genomic DNA of each isolate of Trichinella larvae was amplified with ITSl specific primers and digested with restriction endonucleases. The PCR product of ITSl was confirmed using Southern blot analysis to be a 910 Up fragment. The restriction fragments of each isolate had variable patterns when it was digested with Rsa I only. According to the RFLP patterns, the estimated genetic divergence between each isolate was different. In conclusion, four isolates of Thichinella including a new strain of T. spiralis obtained from a Korean patient may have genetic differences in the ITSl region and the Shanghai isolate was genetically more similar to the Japanese unknown isolate than others in the ITSl region.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.898-903
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• 2006

한국내 분포하는 장미과의 솜양지꽃(Potentilla discolor Bunge) 15집단에 대한 19 알로자임 대립유전자좌위에서 유전적 다양성과 집단구조를 분석하였다. 조사한 좌위에 대해 약 73.7%가 다형성을 나타내었다. 종과 집단 수준에서 유전적 다양도는 각각 0.215, 0.196이었으며, 집단간 분화정도는 낮았다$(G_{ST}\;=\;0.069)$. 전체 유전적 다양성은 0${\sim}$0.656이며 평균 0.292였다. 유전적 다양도 중 집단내 변이는 높았다$(H_{S}\;=\;0.274)$. 전체 유전적 변이에서 집단간 차이는 Pgm-2에서 0.010, Pgd-2에서 0.261로 평균 0.069였다. 이는 전체 알로자임 변이 중 약 6.9%가 집단간에 있음을 의미한다. 솜양지꽃의 특성으로 광범위한 분포, 다년생 초본, 여러 세대의 존재 등이 높은 유전적 다양성을 나타내는데 기여하는 것으로 설명된다. 조사한 솜양지꽃 집단에서 세대당 이주하는 개체수는 3.36으로 평가되었다.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.37-39
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• 2019

We determined the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) sequences of Nebalia koreana Song, Moreira & Min, 2012 (Leptostraca) collected from five locations in South Korea, and this represents the first genetic data of this species. The maximum intra-species variation was 1.2% within Nebalia hessleri Martin, Vetter & Cash-Clark, 1996, while inter-species variation ranged from 9.0% (N. hessleri and Nebalia gerkenae Haney & Martin, 2000) to 34.8% (N. hessleri and Nebalia pseudotroncosoi Song, Moreira & Min, 2013). This result is well agreed with the interspecific relationships among Nebalia species based on morphological characteristics. In conclusion, this study showed the usefulness of CO1 sequences as a DNA barcode within the genus Nebalia Leach, 1814.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.271-276
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• 1997

메타고니무스속 흡충의 형태학적인 차이점은 잘 알려져 있으나 이러한 미세한 형태학적 차이로 종을 분류할 수 있을 지에 대해서는 의문시되어 왔다. 이 연구는 비교적 유전자 염기서열이 잘 보존되어 있 어 종간 또는 strain간의 차이를 밝힐 수 있는 리보솜리보핵산 유전자 중 ITSI 유전자와 사립체 COI 유전자를 중합효소반응으로 증폭시킨 후 제한효소로 소화시켜 나타나는 밴드의 차이를 관찰하였다 요 코가와흡충 (M. yokogawai)의 피 낭유충은 삼척산 은어에서 , 미야타흡충 (Metagonim Miyata type) 은 충주산 피라미에서, 타카하시홉충 (M. tnkqhqsrii)은 충주산 붕어에서 분리하여 사용하였다. 세 종류 충체에서 얻은 ml 유전자 증폭산물은 제한효소 Rsc I, Ak I 및 Msp I에 의해 서로 다른 크기의 밴드 로 소화되었다. 세 종류 충체의 사립체 COI 유전자 증폭산물도 Rsc I과 AIu I에 의해 서로 다른 양상으로 잘라졌다. 추정 유전자 차이 (estimated genetic divergence)는 미야타홉충과 요코가와흡충이 0.034880, 요코가와흡충과 타카하시홉충이 0.018179, 미야타흡충과 타카하시흡충이 0.028098 이었다. 이 결과로 보면 미야타흡충은 별개의 종으로 볼 수 있으며,다른 충체보다 이른 시기에 진화하였음 을 알 수 있다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2000

Genetic variation in the domestic silkworm strains (Bombyx mori) and phylogenetic relationships between domestic silkworms and wild silkworms (B. mandarina) were investigated by using a portion of mitochondrial CGI gene sequences. Ten geographic strains of B. mori we sequenced were identical in the 410 bp-section of mitochondrial COI gene. This sequence was also identical to the homologous sequence of the four Gen-Bank-registered strains, but one strain of B. mori differed a single nucleotide (0.2%) from others. MtDNA homogeneity in the B. mori strains appears to be resulted from fixation into the mast frequent mtDNA type during the course of breeding for new strains, in which an extensive indoor rearing and removal of unwanted individuals were accompanied. In the comparisons between domestic and wild silkworms, some wild silkworms were closely related to domestic silkworms (0.2%-1.2% of divergence), but the others were not (2.7%-3.7% of sequence divergence). This result was also reflected in the phylogenetic analyses, showing two independent phylogenetic groups: one including all B. mandarina sequences and the other including both B. mandarina and B. mori sequences. Thus, domestic silkworms may have been derived from the ancestor of B. mandarina, which belongs to this group, alto-ough more extensive study will provide better understanding on this issue.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.361-370
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• 2006

Genetic variation and molecular phylogeny of 22 taxa representing 14 extant species and 3 unidentified taxa of Boesenbergia in Thailand and four outgroup species (Cornukaempferia aurantiflora, Hedychium biflorum, Kaempferia parviflora, and Scaphochlamys rubescens) were examined by sequencing of 3 chloroplast (cp) DNA regions (matK, psbA-trnH and petA-psbJ). Low interspecific genetic divergence (0.25-1.74%) were observed in these investigated taxa. The 50% majority-rule consensus tree constructed from combined chloroplast DNA sequences allocated Boesenbergia in this study into 3 different groups. Using psbA-1F/psbA-3R primers, an insertion of 491 bp was observed in B. petiolata. Restriction analysis of the amplicon (380-410 bp) from the remaining species with Rsa I further differentiated Boesenbergia to 2 groupings; I (B. basispicata, B. longiflora, B. longipes, B. plicata, B. pulcherrima, B. tenuispicata, B. thorelii, B. xiphostachya, Boesenbergia sp.1 and Boesenbergia sp.3; phylogenetic clade A) that possesses a Rsa I restriction site and II (B. curtisii, B. regalis, B. rotunda and Boesenbergia sp.2; phylogenetic clade B and B. siamensis; phylogenetic clade C) that lacks a restriction site of Rsa I. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and indels found can be unambiguously applied to authenticate specie-origin of all investigated samples and revealed that Boesenbergia sp.1, Boesenbergia sp.2 and B. pulcherrima (Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi), B. cf. pulcherrima1 (Prachuap Khiri Khan) and B. cf. pulcherrima2 (Thong Pha Phum, Kanchanaburi) are B. plicata, B. rotunda and B. pulcherrima, respectively. In addition, molecular data also suggested that Boesenbergia sp.3 should be further differentiated from B. longiflora and regarded as a newly unidentified Boesenbergia species.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.301-304
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• 2008

Microsatellites, short tandem repeats, are useful markers for genetic analysis because of their high frequency of occurrence over the genome, high information content due to variable repeat lengths, and ease of typing. To establish a panel of microsatellite markers useful for genetic studies of the Korean population, the allele frequencies and heterozygosities of 207 microsatellite markers in 119 unrelated Korean, Indian and Pakistani individuals were compared. The average heterozygosity of the Korean population was 0.71, similar to that of the Indian and Pakistani populations. More than 80% of the markers showed heterozygosity of over 0.6 and were valuable as genetic markers for genome-wide screening for disease susceptibility loci in these populations. To identify the allelic distributions of the multilocus genetic data from these microsatellite markers, the population structures were assessed by clustering. These markers supported, with the most probability, three clustering groups corresponding to the three geographical populations. When we assumed only two hypothetical clusters (K), the Korean population was separate from the others, suggesting a relatively deep divergence of the Korean population. The present 207 microsatellite markers appear to reflect the historical and geographical origins of the different populations as well as displaying a similar degree of variation to that seen in previously published genetic data. Thus, these markers will be useful as a reference for human genetic studies on Asians.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.296-306
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• 2017

Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is one of the most damaging viruses infecting sugarcane, maize and some other graminaceous species around the world. To investigate the genetic diversity of SCMV in Iran, the coat protein (CP) gene sequences of 23 SCMV isolates from different hosts were determined. The nucleotide sequence identity among Iranian isolates was more than 96%. They shared nucleotide identities of 75.5-99.9% with those of other SCMV isolates available in GenBank, the highest with the Egyptian isolate EGY7-1 (97.5-99.9%). The results of phylogenetic analysis suggested five divergent evolutionary lineages that did not completely reflect the geographical origin or host plant of the isolates. Population genetic analysis revealed greater between-group than within-group evolutionary divergence values, further supporting the results of the phylogenetic analysis. Our results indicated that natural selection might have contributed to the evolution of isolates belonging to the five identified SCMV groups, with infrequent genetic exchanges occurring between them. Phylogenetic analyses and the estimation of genetic distance indicated that Iranian isolates have low genetic diversity. No recombination was found in the CP cistron of Iranian isolates and the CP gene was under negative selection. These findings provide a comprehensive analysis of the population structure and driving forces for the evolution of SCMV with implications for global exchange of sugarcane germplasm. Gene flow, selection and somehow homologous recombination were found to be the important evolutionary factors shaping the genetic structure of SCMV populations.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.323-330
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• 2017

Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian ginseng) is an important medicinal tree found in northeast Asia. In this study, we analyzed the genome-wide distribution of microsatellites in E. senticosus. By sequencing 711 clones from an SSR-enriched genomic DNA library, we obtained 12 polymorphic SSR markers, which also revealed successful amplicons in E. senticosus accessions. Using the developed SSR markers, we estimated genetic diversity and population structure among 131 E. senticosus accessions in Korea and China. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 11, with an average of 7.4 alleles. The mean values of observed heterozygosity ($H_O$) and expected heterozygosity ($H_E$) were 0.59 and 0.56, respectively. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.51 in all 131 E. senticosus accessions. E. senticosus accessions in Korea and China showed a close genetic similarity. Significantly low pairwise genetic divergence was observed between the two regions, suggesting a relatively narrow level of genetic basis among E. senticosus accessions. Our results not only provide molecular tools for genetic studies in E. senticosus but are also helpful for conservation and E. senticosus breeding programs.