• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.307-326
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• 2019

The electric vehicle is a representative measure to reduce greenhouse gas and local air pollutants in the transportation sector. Most countries provide purchase subsidies and tax reductions to promote electric vehicle sales. The electric vehicles have been considered as zero-emission vehicles(ZEV) in light of the fact that there has been no pollutant emission during driving. However, recent studies have pointed out that the pollutant emitted from the process of generating electricity used for charging the electric vehicles need to be treated as emissions of the electric vehicles. Furthermore, the environmental benefits of electric vehicle replacing the internal combustion vehicle vary with the power mix. In line with the recent studies, this study analyzes the impact of electric vehicles based on the current power mix and future energy transition scenarios in Korea. To estimate the precise air pollutants emission profile, this study uses hourly electricity generation and TMS emission data for each power plant from 2015 to 2016. The estimation results show that the electric vehicles under the current power mix generate the environmental benefits of only -0.41~10.83 won/km. Also, we find that the environmental benefit of electric vehicle will significantly increase only when the ratio of the coal-fired power plant is reduced to a considerable extent.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.365-374
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• 2019

Unlike benign tumors, malignant tumors are capable of metastasis, easy to relapse, poor survival, and low quality of life. In Korea, here is a tendency to treat the tumors collectively according to the General Principles of Cancer Chemotherapy(GPCC) of the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA). But recently, companion diagnostics(CDx) is recommended rather than unilateral medication because biomarker-based molecular diagnostics is possible to predict the drug response of patients before drug treatment. Not only domestic but also overseas Food and Drug Administratio (FDA) recommends the development of the CDx system at the stage of drug development to ensure the responsiveness and safety of medicines. In this study, I focused on the necessity of CDx development direction as well as CDx development status through literature review. Furthermore I also discussed CDx types according to the molecular diagnostic technology such as immunohistochemistry (IHC), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in situ hybridization (ISH), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) not only in the approved CDx but also in the developing one by US FDA. And I suggested the technology issue of CDx development process such as a selection of molecular diagnostics at the time of release, a clear understanding of the CDx mechanism, and a convergence of drug with CDx development. The necessity of social insurance system also was proposed for CDx development.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.473-478
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• 2018

Radioactive aerosol generated in cutting and melting work during the NPP decommissioning process can cause internal exposure to body through workers' breath. Thus, it is necessary to assess worker internal exposure due to the radioactive aerosol during decommissioning. The actually measured value of the working environment is needed for accurate assessment of internal exposure, but if it is difficult to actually measure that value, the internal exposure dose can be estimated through recommended values such as the fraction of amount of intake and the size of particles suggested by the International Committee on Radiological Protection (ICRP). As for the selection of particle size, this study applied a value of $5{\mu}m$, which is the size of particles considering the worker recommended by the ICRP. As for the amount of generation, the amount of intake was estimated using data on the mass of aerosol generated in a melting facility at a site in Kozloduy, Bulgaria. In addition, using these data, this study calculated the level of radioactivity in the worker's body and stool and conducted an assessment of internal exposure using the BiDAS computer code. The internal exposure dose of Type M was 0.0341 mSv, that of Type S was 0.0909 mSv. The two types of absorption showed levels that were 0.17% and 0.45% of the domestic annual dose limit, respectively.

• Clean Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2019

Numerical analysis was done to evaluate the chemical reaction and the reduction rate inside of selective non-catalytic reduction to denitrification in combustion process. The $NO_X$ reduction in selective non-catalytic reduction is converted to not only nitrogen but also nitrous oxide. Simultaneous $NO_X$ reduction and nitrous oxide generation suppressing is required in selective non-catalytic reduction because nitrous oxide influences the global warming as a greenhouse gas. The current study was performed compare the computational analysis in the same temperature and amount of NaOH, and in comparison with the previous research experiments and confirmed the reliability of the computational fluid dynamics. Additionally, controlling the addition amount of NaOH to predict the $NO_X$ reduction efficiency and nitrous oxide production. Numerical analysis was done to check the mass fraction of each material in the measurement point at the end of selective non-catalytic reduction. Experimental Value and simulation value by numerical analysis showed an error of up to 18.9% was confirmed that a generally well predicted. and it was confirmed that the widened temperature range of more than 70% $NO_X$ removal rate is increased when the addition amount of NaOH. So, large and frequent changes of the reaction temperature waste incineration facilities are expected to be effective.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.23-29
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• 2018

Recently rapid economic growth and technological development have led to an increase in the generation of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). As the amount of electric and electronic waste generated increases, the importance of processing waste printed circuit boards (PCB) is also increasing. Various studies have been conducted to recycle various valuable metals contained in a waste PCB in an environmentally friendly and economical manner. To get anode slime containing Ag and Au, Anode copper prepared from PCB scraps was used by means of electro-refining. Ag and Au recovery was conducted by leaching, direct reduction, and ion exchange method. In the case of silver, the anode slime was leached at 3 M $HNO_3$, 100 g/L, $70^{\circ}C$, and Ag was recovered by precipitation, alkali dissolution, and reduction method. In the case of gold, the nitrate leaching residues of the anode slime was leached at 25% aqua regia, 200 g/L, $70^{\circ}C$, and Au was recovered by pH adjustment, ion exchange resin adsorption, desorption and reduction method. The purity of the obtained Au and Ag were confirmed to be 99.99%.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1006-1011
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• 2018

This paper proposes a three level buck converter utilizing multi-bit flying capacitor voltage control. The conventional three-level buck converter can not control the flying capacitor voltage, so that the operation is unstable or the circuit for controlling the flying capacitor voltage can not be applied to the PWM mode. Also when the load current is increased, an error occurs in the inductor voltage. The proposed structure can control the flying capacitor voltage in PWM mode by using differential difference amplifier and common mode feedback circuit. In addition, this paper proposes a 3bit flying capacitor voltage control circuit to optimize the operation of the three level buck converter depending on the load current, and a triangular wave generation circuit using the schmitt trigger circuit. The proposed 3-level buck converter is designed in $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process and has an input voltage range of 2.7V~3.6V and an output voltage range of 0.7V~2.4V. The operating frequency is 2MHz, the load current range is 30mA to 500mA, and the output voltage ripple is measured up to 32.5mV. The measurement results show a maximum power conversion efficiency of 85% at a load current of 130 mA.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.58-65
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• 2019

Automatic text summarization is a process of shortening a text document by either extraction or abstraction. The abstraction approach inspired by deep learning methods scaling to a large amount of document is applied in recent work. Abstractive text summarization involves utilizing pre-generated word embedding information. Low-frequent but salient words such as terminologies are seldom included to dictionaries, that are so called, out-of-vocabulary(OOV) problems. OOV deteriorates the performance of Encoder-Decoder model in neural network. In order to address OOV words in abstractive text summarization, we propose a copy mechanism to facilitate copying new words in the target document and generating summary sentences. Different from the previous studies, the proposed approach combines accurate pointing information and selective copy mechanism based on bidirectional RNN and bidirectional LSTM. In addition, neural network gate model to estimate the generation probability and the loss function to optimize the entire abstraction model has been applied. The dataset has been constructed from the collection of abstractions and titles of journal articles. Experimental results demonstrate that both ROUGE-1 (based on word recall) and ROUGE-L (employed longest common subsequence) of the proposed Encoding-Decoding model have been improved to 47.01 and 29.55, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.40
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• pp.29-60
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to trace the formation process of "parallel provenance" concept in the context of Australia's aboriginal community archives development and draw its implications for contemporary rebuilding of domestic "past affairs-related committee archives". Focused on historical development of aboriginal community archives in Australia, this writing divides its development into three periods: colonial archives, post-colonial archives, and contemporary archives and investigates each period's distinct features in managing and building of aboriginal community archives. First of all, for colonial archives, it pays attention to Australia's archival tradition, which focused on current record-keeping and then development of multiple provenance resulted from this tradition. Second, for post-colonial archives, it examines the appearance of aboriginal people as the subject of documentation category and name indexing on them. Finally, for contemporary archives, it analyzes current activities of Australia's academic world of archival science for overcoming "the otherness" of aboriginal people through conceptualization of "parallel provenance". Conclusively, through current meaning of parallel provenance, this study draws implications for democratic contemporary rebuilding of domestic past affairs-related committee archives, in which historical victims become the subject of archives.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.48-57
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to understand the intention of the inquirer from the single text type question in Goal-oriented dialogue. Goal-Oriented Dialogue system means a dialogue system that satisfies the user's specific needs via text or voice. The intention analysis process is a step of analysing the user's intention of inquiry prior to the answer generation, and has a great influence on the performance of the entire Goal-Oriented Dialogue system. The proposed model was used for a daily chemical products domain and Korean text data related to the domain was used. The analysis is divided into a speech-act which means independent on a specific field concept-sequence and which means depend on a specific field. We propose a classification method using the word embedding model and the CNN as a method for analyzing speech-act and concept-sequence. The semantic information of the word is abstracted through the word embedding model, and concept-sequence and speech-act classification are performed through the CNN based on the semantic information of the abstract word.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.413-416
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• 2019

Alstroemeria (Alstroemeriaceae) is one of the most important cut flowers in international market. Especially, characteristics like long vase-life, various colors, tolerance to low temperature and a low energy requirement during cultivation have stimulated this success. Because of its characteristics such as low multiplication rates, time-consuming process and high risk of carrying viral disease, in vitro propagation techniques based on rhizome meristems culture have been developing nowadays. The callus induction has various cultivation sites compared with the direct plant generation method, and if the callus is maintained well, the plant differentiation can be performed simultaneously while maintaining the callus, so that it can be used for mass proliferation. In this study, we tested various hormones and cultivars for efficient callus induction. As a result of culturing between the nodes and the internodes, the callus began to be formed after 8 weeks, and the calli incidence in the nodes was higher than that between the internodes. Also, in the comparison of 2,4-D and picloram, the callus incidence rate was up to 2 times higher in the medium treated with 2,4-D. Using these results, it is thought that it will help establish the system of mass propagation system of Alstroemeria and cultivate new varieties.