• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권19호
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• pp.8503-8508
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• 2014

Background: After the WHO recommended HPV vaccination of the general population in 2009, government support of HPV vaccination programs was increased in many countries. However, this policy was not implemented in Korea due to perceived low cost-effectiveness. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the cost-utility of HPV vaccination programs targeted to high risk populations as compared to vaccination programs for the general population. Materials and Methods: Each study population was set to 100,000 people in a simulation study to determine the incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR), then standard prevalence rates, cost, vaccination rates, vaccine efficacy, and the Quality-Adjusted Life-Years (QALYs) were applied to the analysis. In addition, sensitivity analysis was performed by assuming discounted vaccination cost. Results: In the socially vulnerable population, QALYs gained through HPV vaccination were higher than that of the general population (General population: 1,019, Socially vulnerable population: 5,582). The results of ICUR showed that the cost of HPV vaccination was higher for the general population than the socially vulnerable population. (General population: 52,279,255 KRW, Socially vulnerable population: 9,547,347 KRW). Compared with 24 million KRW/QALYs as the social threshold, vaccination of the general population was not cost-effective. In contrast, vaccination of the socially vulnerable population was strongly cost-effective. Conclusions: The results suggest the importance and necessity of government support of HPV vaccination programs targeted to socially vulnerable populations because a targeted approach is much more cost-effective. The implementation of government support for such vaccination programs is a critical strategy for decreasing the burden of HPV infection in Korea.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.52-56
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• 2013

Background Measuring grip and pinch strength is an important part of hand injury evaluation. Currently, there are no standardized values of normal grip and pinch strength among the Korean population, and lack of such data prevents objective evaluation of post-surgical recovery in strength. This study was designed to establish the normal values of grip and pinch strength among the healthy Korean population and to identify any dependent variables affecting grip and pinch strength. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out. The inclusion criterion was being a healthy Korean person without a previous history of hand trauma. The grip strength was measured using a Jamar dynamometer. Pulp and key pinch strength were measured with a hydraulic pinch gauge. Intra-individual and inter-individual variations in these variables were analyzed in a standardized statistical manner. Results There were a total of 336 healthy participants between 13 and 77 years of age. As would be expected in any given population, the mean grip and pinch strength was greater in the right hand than the left. Male participants (137) showed mean strengths greater than female participants (199) when adjusted for age. Among the male participants, anthropometric variables correlated positively with grip strength, but no such correlations were identifiable in female participants in a statistically significant way. Conclusions Objective measurements of hand strength are an important component of hand injury evaluation, and population-specific normative data are essential for clinical and research purposes. This study reports updated normative hand strengths of the South Korean population in the 21st century.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.82-89
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• 2008

농촌의 고령화, 기계화 및 농약 사용량의 증가는 농어업인의 손상 및 중독의 증가에 영향을 미치고 있다. 본 연구에서는 농어민 자격자료와 건강보험수진자료 등 2차 자료원을 이용하여 농어업인과 비농어업인에서 손상질환의 유병률을 비교하였다.구체적으로 농어업인과 비농어업인 사이의 전체손상질환 유병률의 차이를 비교하였고 농어업인에서 많은 5대 다빈도 손상질환과 농약에 의한 중독 상병에 대해 비교하였다. 유병률 비교는 남녀 각각에서 비농어업인을 표준 인구로 간접 표준화법을 이용하여 연령보정 표준화 이환비와 95% 신뢰구간을 구하였다.연구결과 농어업인의 전체손상질환 연령보정 표준화이환비는 남자에서 137.6(95% 신뢰구간 137.1 - 138.1) 이었으며 여자에서는 123.3(95% 신뢰구간 122.9 - 123.8)로 유의하게 높았다. 세부질환별로는 요추/골반, 어깨, 목의 염좌, 흉골, 갈비뼈, 흉추의 골절과 살충제 중독에서 연령보정 표준화이환비가 유의하게 높았다.향후 농어업인 손상질환과 관련된 다양한 형태의 연구가 필요하며, 농어업으로 인한 손상의 지역별 또는 경시적 비교가 가능하도록 전체 손상과 작업관련성 손상의 정의를 표준화하는 것이 필요하다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate hygienic behavior of food handlers and general population focusing on awareness of hand-washing and the microbial load of their hands. Methods: A questionnaire survey and microbiological analysis were carried out for sixty-four people each. Samples for microbiological analysis were collected through the glove-juice method from the hands, and were analyzed for the presence of aerobic plate counts, total coliform, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. according to the Food Code of Korea. Results: In the survey, significant differences between the food handlers and general population (p < 0.01) were found in hand-washing frequency, duration, use of hand-washing agents, washing parts of hands, hand-drying method, and method of turning off water. In eight different situations among the ten particular situations in their daily life, more food handlers responded to wash their hands than general population (p < 0.05). Bacterial load on hands with general population was consistently higher than with food handlers (p < 0.05), however, percentages of positive hands of S. aureus and Salmonella spp. were not. Conclusions: Poor hand hygiene practices were indicated by the positive results for E. coli, S. aureus, and Salmonella spp. on the hands of some respondents in both groups. This study reveals that there is the need for programs or campaigns to increase hand-washing practices of both groups.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1415-1420
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• 2015

Background: We compared the health-promoting behavior of long-term cancer survivors with those of the general population to identify necessary behavioral interventions to reduce the health risk among cancer patients. Materials and Methods: We used data from the 2007 and 2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES IV [2007~2009] and KNHANES V [2010~2012]) on smoking status, alcohol use, physical exercise, and disease screening. We compared long-term cancer survivors with members of the general population; the controls were matched by propensity score matching. A multiple logistic regression model was used to investigate the association between cancer status and health-promoting behavior. Results: Long-term cancer survivors had a lower risk of smoking than the general population controls (OR: 0.42, 95%CI: 0.25-0.71). In addition, the long-term cancer survivors had a lower risk of alcohol use than the general population controls (OR: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.50-0.98). However, in terms of physical exercise and disease screening, no statistically significant differences were detected (physical exercise OR: 1.01, 95%CI: 0.75-1.35; disease screening OR: 1.27, 95%CI: 0.93-1.74). All covariates were adjusted. Conclusions: The long-term cancer survivors had a much lower risk of smoking and alcohol use than the general population controls. However, almost no differences in physical exercise and screening for cancer recurrence or secondary disease were detected between the long-term cancer survivors and general population controls. To reduce the health risks and challenges facing long-term cancer survivors, interventions to encourage physical exercise and screening for cancer recurrence and secondary disease should be implemented.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2013

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Vietnam experience including exposure to military herbicides and cancer incidence in Korean Vietnam War veterans. Methods: The cancer cases of 185 265 Vietnam veterans from January 1, 1992 to December 31, 2003 were confirmed from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database. The age-adjusted incidence and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated using the male population during 1992 to 2003 as a standard population. Results: The age-adjusted overall cancer incidence per 100 000 person-years was 455.3 in Vietnam veterans. The overall cancer incidence was slightly yet significantly lower in veterans (SIR, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.95 to 0.99) than in the general population. The overall cancer incidence in enlisted soldiers was not lower (SIR, 1.00), whereas that in officers was significantly lower (SIR, 0.87) than in the general population. The incidences of prostate cancer and T-cell lymphoma in all veterans, and lung cancer and bladder cancer in enlisted soldiers, and colon cancer and kidney cancer in non-commissioned officers, and colon cancer, kidney cancer, and prostate cancer in officers, were higher than in the general population. The SIR for overall cancer among Vietnam veterans rose from 0.92 for 1992-1997 to 0.99 for 1998-2003. Conclusions: The overall cancer incidence in Vietnam veterans was not higher than in the general male population. Vietnam veterans and military rank subcohorts experienced a higher incidence of several cancers, including prostate cancer, T-cell lymphoma, lung cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, and colon cancer than the general population. The SIR for overall cancer increased over time in Vietnam veterans.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 1974

This experiment has been carried out with a view to elucidating the distribution of Azotobacter and their population size in rhizosphere and sea and designed ro compare the results with some environmental factors. Results of the experiment are summarized as follows: 1) It was observed that the population sizes of Azotobacter were decided upon the moisture content of soil and that the soil pH was one of the most impertant factors influencing the distribution of Azotobacter. 2)Population sizes of Azotobacter in rhizosphere were changed in accordance with the kinds of vegetation on soil: The rhizosphere where bamboo, corn, legume, and oak inhabit showed the largest population size of Azotobacter. On the other hand, rhizosphere of ginseng revealed no Azotobacter. However, the largest population of general fungi were measured at the rhizosphere. 3)Comparing the population sizes of general microbes in rhizosphere with those of non-rhizosphere, the population sizes of microbes in rhizosphere are larger than those of non-rhizosphere. 4)In coastal environments, population sizes of Azotobacter in surface water of sea are similar to those of the soil(mud) of tidal land. But the sizes are generally smaller than those of terrestrial soils.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.213-223
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• 2015

목적 : 재림교인들은 건강에 대한 신념이 매우 강하고, 실천적인 측면에서도 매우 강조하고 있다. 한국의 재림교인들 역시 음주와 흡연을 피할 뿐만 아니라 음식을 가려 먹고 육식을 금하는 기독교인으로 알려져 있다. 이 연구는 재림교인들의 사망양상과 일반 인구집단간의 사망양상을 파악하고 그 관련요인을 도출하고자 하였다. 방법 : 2000년부터 2004년까지 5년간의 재림교회와 일반 인구집단의 사망자의 사망양상을 비교 분석하였다. 재림교회의 사망자를 분석하기 위해서 수도권 지역의 재림교인이 주로 이용하는 재림묘지의 사망자 자료를 이용하였으며, 일반인구집단은 통계청 사망자료를 이용하였다. 결과 : 연구대상자의 평균 사망 연령에서 재림교인은 70.45세이었으며, 일반 인구집단은 65.63세로 재림교인이 높게 타났다. 사망원인에서 재림교인이 위암, 간암, 대장암, 유방암 등 신생물에 의한 사망이 일반 인구집단 보다 높게 타났으며, 일반 인구에서 손상, 중독 및 외인에 의한 특정 기타 결과, 뇌혈관질환과 외인사가 재림교인에서 보다 높았다. 특히, 50세 이상 신앙기간 10년 이상의 재림교인의 사망원인은 위암이 유의하게 낮았으며, 남자에서 폐암 사망률도 유의하게 낮아 건강한 생활습관과의 관계를 확인하였다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.18-40
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• 2008

Measurements of health related quality of life can be used to compare patients with specific conditions to average individuals in the general population in a similar age and gender group. However there are few data available regarding health related quality of life for the general population of Korea. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the validity of the Korean version of EQ-5D and to measure the health related quality of life of the general adult population in a metropolitan city. The survey was cross-sectional and employed a stratified and multistage sampling design through 100 examination sites in 5 districts of UIsan. A total of 12,644 individuals from 4,112 households participated in the survey. Of these, we analyzed data from 8,068 adults who were over 19 years old and completed the EQ-5D. To examine the validity of the questionnaire, the differences in 5 dimensions and the $EQ-5D_{index}$ were analyzed with regard to demographic and socioeconomic factors such as sex, age, income, and education. In addition, visual analogue scales (VAS) were used to evaluate the overall health related quality of life issues of the respondents. The level of health related quality of life of the general adult population was then compared with the results from the third Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and other countries. There were a small number of people with problems related tomobility, self-care, and usual activity. In addition, many people complained ofpain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. The complaint rate in each dimension, VAS, and $EQ-5D_{index}$ indicated relatively better states for males, the younger group, the higher income group, and the higher education group. In addition, the level of health related quality of life of the general population of Ulsan was relatively higher than that of Koreans nationwide as well as the populations of other countries. EQ-SD provided a valid measure of the health-related quality of life of the general adult population. In addition, the results of a survey of Ulsan revealed that the quality of life of its population is better than that of the overall population of Korea and of the populations of other countries.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.153-167
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• 2014

In this study, changes in the timing of puberty physicality and mentality and beauty characteristics of high school students were characterized for high school students and the general high school population in order to distinguish between interest and beauty and beauty products and beauty behavior for comparative analysis. First, for beauty characteristics of high school students and the general high school population, differences in beauty action and beauty characteristics of high school students were higher than this beauty behavior. Secondly, for the high school students and high school beauty characteristics of general high school population for beauty and beauty products, the difference between interest and multi-functional beauty products that characterize high school students has beauty and beauty products with multi-functional beauty products interest being high. Third, high school students and high school beauty characterize the general high school population of beauty is different from behaviors on its factors with common factors including the psychological gratification 'for reasons of appearance management looks for reasons that do not' have time to manage the response. Two groups of factors that characterize the differences in appearance and beauty as areason to manage high school students interested in the 'style' order, high school students do not manage reasons for lack of interest in the 'general' as a response. Beauty characteristics of high school students in the beauty, beauty products, and products demonstrated a multi-functional information gathering with lots of attention, and much ability can have an active beauty behavior. The general high school population lacks the ability to gather information in accordance with interested beauty behavior being passive. The two groups and beauty behavior patterns of consumption could see that a difference occurred.