• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.81-98
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• 1997

This treatise made a general survey of the welfare policy in our country, and examined the present condition of welfare facilities and distributional trait in Taegu, setting the limits of welfare to welfare facilities. As the result, I could get conclusion like this. First, the present condition of welfare facilities in Taegu exceeds the national average value. Second, the distribution of housing facilities generally corresponds with the distributional area of low-income class and has an unbalanced distributional trait. Third, public facilities are distributed in periphery of the city and we can see they are regarded as loathsome facilities. Lastly, most of the welfare facilities except welfare house are small-scale and worn-out and also petty because they are run by individuals. With basis on this result of the research. I want to make these suggestions. That is, the improvement in quality than in quantity must be made. In addition, until now welfare facilities have restricted users, but from now on they must be converted to public services for most of a nation. To realize those things, welfare facilities must be located in the site where traffic is convenient and medical facilities are neighboring. In conclusion, the socialization of welfare facilities must be carried out.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1116-1133
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• 2016

This study examines the historical background of Goryeo and its relationship with Song and Yuan. In addition, it observes the shape of dress styles for the king, queen, officers, maids in waiting, and commoners after classifying them with a focus on the dress style of normal people appearing in Buddhist paintings. This study then investigates structures by tracing Goryeo's unique identity and its characteristic by a comparison and analysis of dressing style elements of Goryeo with Song and Yuan. The results shows that the Song's system was used exclusively for the dress style of the king and government officers of Goryeo after Goryeo's submission period by Yuan. There were no clear appearances of a Mongol style dress but only changes in head styles of cutting hair around the head and twisting the rest in a top down and long method. In addition, Song's style Bokgeon was shown by the king to his lower level officers. This was because the king and his officers of Yuan were in accordance with Song's system in officer's dress, hat and head style, armor, and horseback riding equipment. Second, there is doubt if they inherited a traditional form and style of the dress rather than followed the dress style of Yuan because the shape of Yuan's basic dress style Deel is very similar to the dress shape of early Buyeo people's Po in the $3^{rd}$ to $4^{th}$ centuries. Third, the shape of the Chaksu and Gung-go had been kept as it was in the dress style of ordinary men, and because the shape of the double collar had already appeared in the period of Samguk, which appeared in all classes of Yuan. There is no reason to adopt double collar shape that appeared. The general Pyeonbokpo of the country had to be influenced by Yuan. Forth, the dress style of queen and her maids in waiting were mentioned in documents; however, there was no shape of a dress like Boktag and Deel in the relics, which are the characteristic of Yuan's woman dress style. Fifth, the shape worn national style Yu and Sang had been kept in an ordinary woman's dress style; however, the two style system of high and lower class in Yuan's ordinary woman dress style appeared newly and is considered an influence of Goryeo.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.504-514
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was to identify the educational effects of self directed learning applying basic nursing practice contents of e-learning on nursing students' knowledge, self-confidence, and learning satisfaction. Method: This study applied a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test control group design with 63 freshman nursing students (31 experimental group, 32 control group) of G. university in Incheon, Korea as subjects. The e-learning content was about the application of topical medications, central line care, and blood transfusion. All were available at the web site in school. Self-directed e-learning was more than 120 min.(3 times a week, 2 weeks)during Sep-Nov in 2011. In both groups, there were no significant difference in general characteristics, self-directed learning readiness, knowledge, and self-confidence for the pre-homogeneity. Results: The experimental group showed a higher level of improvement in knowledge and learning satisfaction but not significantly. However, the self-confidence was significantly improved in the experimental group. Conclusion: When self-directed learning using e-learning contents added to the conventional practical class, it may be beneficial for the nursing students to learn skills effectively.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.399-422
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate a fragment of possibility of pulpotomy with the Nd-YAG laser by the observation of pulpal healing process and the fine structural changes of the fibroblasts of the remaining pulpal tissues. Class V cavities on !55 teeth from 4 adult dogs were prepared and the pulp chambers were opened with a sterilized round bur. In the control group(19 teeth), the exposed coronal pulps were excised by a sharp excarvator. After bleeding was controlled with the sterilized cotton pellets, calcium hydroxide powder was applied on the remaining pulpal tissues and the cavities were sealed with Z.O.E. In the experimental group 1 : the pulpotomy with laser-calcium hydroxide powder application group(l9 teeth), the exposed coronal pulps were excised by Nd-YAG laser(10 watts power, 2 psi water, 20 psi air) for 2 or 3 seconds and calcium hydroxide powder was applied on the remaining pulpal tissues and the cavities were sealed with Z.O.E. In the experimental group 2 : the pulpotomy with laser-no calcium hydroxide powder application group(17 teeth), after amputating the coronal pulps with Nd-YAG laser as the experimental group 1, the remaining pulpal tissues were covered with stenilized aluminum foil and the cavities were filled with Z.O.E. The animals were sacrificed at the intervals of 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. All the teeth were rouutinely processed and the remaining pulpal tissues were observed by the light microscope and electron microscope. The results were as follows : 1. In light microscopic findings, there was no significant difference of the inflammatory response in the remaining pulpal tissues between the control group and the experimental groups. In both of the experimental group 1 : pulpotomy with laser-calcium hydroxide powder application group and the control group, the dentin bridges were observed after 2 weeks and the structure of the dentin bridge was almost same. In the experimental group 2 : pulpotomy with laser-no calcium hydroxide powder application group, the fibrous layers instead of dentin bridge were observed on the superficial portion of the remaining pulpal tissues after 2 weeks and they were consisted with densely crowded active fibroblasts. 2. In the electronmicroscopic findings, the active fibroblasts in the experimental groups were more frequently observed than in the control group at 1 week. But active fibroblasts were found with same frequency after 2 weeks in all of the control group and the experimental groups. 3. General distortions of the cell such as loss of the cell membrane, vaculoization of the cell etc. were observed at the suberficial layer of the remaining pulpal tissues and the carbonization was found in the dentinal wall in 1 week of the experimental groups. 4. In the experimental group 2 : pulpotomy with laser-no calcium hydroxide powder application group, the activity and the density of the fibroblasts in the fibrous layer were more than those in the deep portion of the remaining pulpal tissues after 2 weeks. 5. In the control group, bacteria such as cocci and bacilli were observed frequently, but in the experimntal groups, they could not be observed.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.9B no.5
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• pp.625-634
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• 2002

In this paper, we conducted various experiments with Bayesian networks in order to analyze clinical data of infertility patients. With these experiments, we tried to find out inter-dependencies among important factors playing the key role in clinical pregnancy, and to compare 3 different kinds of Bayesian network classifiers (including NBN, BAN, GBN) in terms of classification performance. As a result of experiments, we found the fact that the most important features playing the key role in clinical pregnancy (Clin) are indication (IND), stimulation, age of female partner (FA), number of ova (ICT), and use of Wallace (ETM), and then discovered inter-dependencies among these features. And we made sure that BAN and GBN, which are more general Bayesian network classifiers permitting inter-dependencies among features, show higher performance than NBN. By comparing Bayesian classifiers based on probabilistic representation and reasoning with other classifiers such as decision trees and k-nearest neighbor methods, we found that the former show higher performance than the latter due to inherent characteristics of clinical domain. finally, we suggested a feature reduction method in which all features except only some ones within Markov blanket of the class node are removed, and investigated by experiments whether such feature reduction can increase the performance of Bayesian classifiers.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-58
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• 1991

This study was carried out to recognize the understanding of high school teachers about physical therapist during September in 1988, The study population was comprised of 511 high school teachers who had lived in Seoul and Kyunggi Province. Mate teachers were $56\%$ and the rest of them were females. In age distribution $45.4\%$ of them belonged to the 3rd decade, in religion $36.2\%$ of them were Christians, and in their carrier $45.8\%$ of them were less then 5 years. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The high school teachers who knew about department of physical therapy is amounted to $62.6\%$ in male and $49.8\%$ in female. The high school teachers ($41.7\%$ in male and $38.6\%$ in female) considered that students aptitude was the most important thing to keep in mind in counselling those who wished to become physical therapists. There were difference in opinion between male and female teachers as to the counselling criteria (p<0.05). 2. The high school teachers who knew that the students would beemployed in sport center and health clubs after graduation amounted to $24.3\%$ in males and in general hospital to $27.1\%$ in female. There was significant difference in the knowledge for their field of employment between male and female teachers (p<0.05). 3. As to the effectiveness of the physical therapy, $41.3\%$ of male and $29.8\%$ of the female teachers responded to 'satisfactory', but indicating no statistical difference both sexes. 4. As for the attitude of physical therapiest, $43\%$ of them answered that kindness and service devotion were the prerequisite for them. There were statistical difference between male and female teachers in concepts about attitude (p<0.05). To the social level of physical therapist, majority of the teachers thought that physical therapist belong to moderate level in social class. 5. Those who considered that the physical therapy was necessary means for treatment of trauma amounted to $73\%$. The reason why teachers thought that physical therapy was not necessary was that it required too long period of time for the treatment. 6. Those who knew fully the job of physical therapist amounted to $55\%$ and the 55. $9\%$ knew that physical therapists work only at hospitals as the therapist and the rest of them misunderstood the job of physical therapist. 7. As for the academic background to be qualified as physical therapist, $76.2\%$ of them said that graduation of Junior College was required, $12.9\%$ graduation of Senior College and the rest of them had no ideas at all. There was no statistical difference between male and female teachers.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.139-153
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• 2012

Objectives : NK cells are spontaneously cytotoxic lymphocytes. These are not only important parts in the first line of defence against bacterial and viral infections of outside, but they may also play a critical role in chronic viral diseases. NK cells kill their targets spontaneously, without the need for prior sensitization and class I MHC restriction by the regulation of cytolytic functions and secretion of a variety of cytokines, such as interleukin-12(IL-12), MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, IFN-${\gamma}$. In addition, macrophage and NK cells cooperate through the production of cell mediates. These cooperation and modulation are one of major factors to prevent for evading immune surveillance of cancer. Hence, it could be assumed that if any candidate to enhance activities of macrophage and NK cell, it is considered as a potentially useful agents against cancer. Methods : In our study, to investigate effect of fermented soybean extracts by Lactic acid bacteria (SFE, soybean fermented extracts) work on intestinal immune cell to maintain general immune modulating and anti-cancer activity. We analyzed NK cytotoxicity assay and gene expressions of cytokine related with macrophage and NK cell activity. Results : In vitro experiment, SFE was verified as safety material for cell toxicicty to tumor cell strain without any toxicity of tumor growth inhibition and various cell strain. Effects of macrophage activity stimulating directly by SFE measured induced cytokine. The studies showed that IL-12 production by stimulation of SFE depended on concentration from 0.16mg/mL to 0.63mg/mL with non toxicity to cell, and it was the best activity at 0.63mg/mL. Besides, the effective concentration of SFE producing TNF-${\alpha}$ is similar to IL-12, but it was the best activity at 1.25mg/mL. The level of MCP-1, IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$ depended on concentration from 0.16mg/mL to 10mg/mL, IFN-${\gamma}$ showed the best activity at the effective concentration of 0.63mg/mL. With the result of NK cell activity measurement, the spleen cell of mouse injected SFE had 1.5 times higher killing effect than non injected cell. Conclusions : The result of this studies is that Soybean fermetated extracts(SFE) has possibility to immune aided material for the function not only inhibition of microbial infection to macrophage but also activity of adaption immune and cellular immune system.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2014

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of small non-coding regulatory RNAs that play important roles in normal hematopoiesis, including erythropoiesis. Although studies have identified several miRNAs that regulate erythroid commitment and differentiation, we do not understand the mechanism by which the crucial erythroid transcription factors, GATA-1and NF-E2 directly regulate and control differentiation via miRNA pathways. In this study, we identified miR-199b-5p as a key regulator of human erythropoiesis, and its expression was up-regulated during the erythroid differentiation of K562 cells. Furthermore, the increase of miR-199b-5p in erythroid cells occurred in a GATA-1- and NF-E2-dependent manner during erythrocyte maturation. Both GATA-1 and NF-E2 bound upstream of the miR-199b gene locus and activated its transcription. Forced expression of miRNA-199b-5p in K562 cells affected erythroid cell proliferation and maturation. Moreover, we identified c-Kit as a direct target of miR-199b-5p in erythroid cells. Taken together, our results establish a functional link among the erythroid transcription factors GATA-1/NF-E2, miR-199b-5p and c-Kit, and provide new insights into the coupling of transcription and post-transcription regulation in erythroid differentiation.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.215-230
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• 2008

Activity materials in textbook could facilitate students' oriented self-help learning. The purpose of this paper is to find out characteristics of activity materials in the housing area of middle school Technology and Home Economics and teacher's perception of them. The data were collected from 253 middle school teachers who had ever taught the housing unit in any of 6 textbooks. The results showed that the number of activity materials were differed by the characteristics of the materials such as type of materials, feature of non sentence materials, and type of activity, depend on authors as well as textbooks. In general, teachers interests in the materials were higher than those of students even the trends of the interests were the same. Adequacy of activity contents and related knowledge of teachers were higher than adequacy of level. Teachers thought time and extra search beyond class were barrier to full the interests of students. Further research is suggested to find out whether higher interests in the materials are related to the higher activating rate of them.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.38
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• pp.103-138
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• 2018

This study examines the modern succession, transformation and significance of enjoyment methods of classical literature (art) with a focus on the characteristics of those methods that appeared when the performances of the traditional era began to be displayed on the stage of the theaters in modern Seoul. The clues to the reasons for this type of enjoyment can be found in newspapers, magazine articles, and advertisements from the early 20th century. The emergence of stage theaters at the beginning of the modern era caused a sweeping change in the performance environment, including the fact that it was possible for all kinds of people to enjoy art beyond the existing socioeconomic hierarchies or barriers of status, that the performers were given employment through the theater, and that the audience had the tendency of the general public of an unspecified number because the audience was able to see the performances only by paying the viewing fee. The way of enjoying traditional performances also changed based on these new adaptations: the performances were sequential, show-oriented, and re-contextualized as public performances. It is significant that in the traditional era, performers and audiences had been segregated according to their status and a strict hierarchy; now, such cultural norms were breaking down in favor of a kind of equality. In addition, it was possible for the audience to experience sensory enjoyment, and theater brought about a new kind of popular consumer enjoyment of an artistic product. Of course, though, it is possible to look back and find problems related to the contemporary context, but the traditional performances, which were the main performances for the lower class, took the first place on the modern theater stage, and as a result, no one can deny that it became possible to move forward in the first phase of an era of public performance.