• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.339-348
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• 2014

As future society will be strengthened by interdisciplinary study and education, we have to prepare general education curriculum which provide critical thinking, problem-solving, creativity, communication abilities. Those curriculum will help to nurture students who lead our future society. Now we prepare new curriculum to train students to understand the computer science and software needed to create their own, and we could cultivate students having ability to create interdisciplinary study by using programming skill. So we ran a computer programming class during a semester for the freshmen's capacity building on computing-thinking ability using the Python language. We analyzed the effectiveness and showed that student's curiosity and motivation to want to learn computer programming occurred, their various skills for interdisciplinary ability were improved.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.450-457
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• 2010

A survey was conducted to determine the relationship between BMI and the dining out behaviors of 316 university students in Seoul area for May and September, 2006. The subjects included 114 males and 202 females. General characteristics and BMI determined that of the students 56 (17.7%) were underweight, 222 (70.3%)were normal, 23 (7.3%) were overweight, and 15 (4.7%) were obese. There were differences in BMI according to age, sex, and major. Students majoring in natural science and engineering were 58.3% and 51% normal weight, respectively, and the next most common weight class was overweight. The non smoking group showed had primarily normal weight subjects followed by underweight-subjects, but the smoking group had primarily normal weight subjects followed by overweight subjects (P<0.001). The frequency of dining out for breakfast significantly correlated with BMI (P<0.05). The group that frequently dined out for breakfast were primarily of normal weight followed by overweight subjects, but the group that rarely dined out for breakfast were primarily of normal weight followed by underweight subjects(21.4%). Groups whose criteria for selecting dining out meals were flavor and price showed a higher percentage of underweight subjects than other groups. The group whose motivations for choosing dining out meals were convenience and habit showed a higher percentage underweight subjects than other motivations. The group that selected the Western food menu for dining out showed a higher percentage of underweight subjects than other food menu groups. And, the groups that selected Japanese and Korean food were primarily of normal weight followed by underweight subjects, but the result was not significant.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.267-271
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• 2011

Static Headspace Gas Chromatographic analysis was used to study the partitioning behavior of five organic printing ink solvents between chocolate cookie/air systems. Three cookie sample formulations varied with respect to chocolate type and overall percentage of constituents. Major considerations involved differences in fat content and type and resulting variability in chemical and physical structure. Each of the solvents studied (ethyl acetate, hexane, isopropanol, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene) represents a general class of printing ink solvents based on predominate functional group. Values of the partitioning coefficient (Kp) were determined at equilibrium using measured quantities of both solvent and cookie sample in closed systems at temperature of 25, 35, and $45^{\circ}C$. In each of the three cookies at the three test temperatures, toluene always exhibited the greatest value of partitioning to cookie and hexane always exhibited the least. Results also showed that the partitioning behavior of solvents is generally inversely related to temperature and that solvent affinity, though constant for a particular cookie type over all test temperatures, varies significantly among the three cookie types. The preference of each of the five solvents for each cookie sample was also found to vary with temperature. No correlation was found between the extent of partitioning and cookie formulation or physical characteristic of solvent. The Hildebrand parameter, related to ${\Delta}Hmix$ (heat of mixing), may be used to describe differences in partitioning based on the overall potential of a solvent/cookie interaction to occur. The potential for interaction is dependent upon the chemical structure of the cookie sample and thus the availability of 'active-sites' required for a given solvent.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.29-59
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• 1988

Empathy was defined in this study as the vicarious affective response of a person to the perceived experience of another. The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between empathic development of children and intimacy with parents, socio-economic status, and children's empathic response to specific affective situations happy, sad, angry and fearful. The subjects for this study were 8-, 10-, and 12-year-old children attending an elementary school located in Seoul. Among the subjects, 158 boys and 149 girls lived with their parents, and 20 boys and 35 girls were reared in orphanges. They were from a residential area with higher, middle, and lower class families. The instruments consisted of two modified empathy measures and two questionnaires developed by the researcher. One of the empathy measures was based on Feshbach & Roe's affective situation test for empathy. In order to determine the eight themes, 20 children were interviewed individually about situations that made them "happy, sad, angry, and afraid". From the pool of responses, eight themes representing happy, sad, angry and fearful situations were selected. Each story consisted of a series of three pictures accompanying narration. Another modified empathy measure was developed by the researcher based upon Bryant's empathy scale. This measure consisted of 17 statements describing happy, sad, angry and fearful situations. The items in this scale were selected from a pilot study. The two questionnaires developed by the researcher were to test children's intimacy for their parents and feminity. The data was analyzed with T-test and F-test. Children's intimacy with their parents, particularly, son's intimacy with their mothers, was a significant variable in empathic development. Children living with their parents had higher scores on Feshbach & Roe's Empathy Test than those brought up in orphanages. In general, the older the children the higher the empathy score. Girls were more empathic than boys on Bryant's scale. The subjects showed their highest empathy score in the sad, and the lowest in the fearful situation. The older the children the higher the empathy score in the sad and angry situations. These results reflected children's life experiences and cultural differences. Particularly, mother-son intimacy found in this study contrasts with the mother-daughter intimacy found in American studies.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.123-131
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• 2017

This study is to find the weaknesses in drug dose calculations of nursing students by analyzing their general characteristics, confidence(C), performances in classes(PC) and exam sheets of drug dose calculations. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0. There was no significant difference between male and female students in simple calculation ability(SCA), but male students' mean scores were higher in applied calculation ability(ACA) and accuracy on calculation(AC). There were no significant differences in calculation abilities according to high school departments. And students were weak in questions which are needed ACA. The explanation rate of C on PC and PC on AC were 4.2% and 3.2% respectively, so there were weak positive effects from C to PC, and PC to AC. This study suggests that there is a need to develop and implement an intervention program according to students' abilities to increase AC, C, and PC by studying math on an ongoing basis. This study needs to be cautious in generalizing, because the data set was limited to nursing students from one university.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.55.1-55.1
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• 2016

Near Earth Asteroid (NEA) population has attracted keen attention not only from the scientific community but from the general public ever since their terrestrial impact risk achieved wide recognition. Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs), the subset of NEAs, recently became the center of interest of planetary defense folks and mining industry due to their proximity to, and the potential effects on planet Earth. However, we have long been ignorant about either the physical properties or dynamical source regions of individual objects. For instance, their rotational periods are only known for five percent of the total population (The NEA Database of DLR, updated on Feb 2016). The primary scientific objective of DEEP-South (DEep Ecliptic Patrol of the Southern sky) is to physically characterize 70 percent of km-class PHAs until 2019. In order to achieve this goal, we implemented an observation mode so-called "OC (Opposition Census)" targeting objects around opposition. OC observations were conducted during the period between Feb 2015 and Mar 2016, at CTIO in early periods, and at three KMTNet stations (CTIO, SSO and SAAO) since late July 2015, excluding the "bulge season" when the telescope time is exclusively used for exoplanet search. We present the preliminary lightcurves of 66 PHAs and 59 NEAs that we obtained during the OC runs.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 2002

BACKGROUND: Back pain is a popular disease in general population as well as in workers. School students handle heavy bag and keep awkward postures during class long time. However, the prevalence of back pain among students and the risk factors associated with back pain are not well known. METHODS: In this study, we assess the frequency of risk factors for back pain among 2,717 high school students. From April 2001 to May 2001, using a self-reported questionnaire, we collected data on occurrence of back pain and potential risk factors for back pain. RESULTS: Fifteen percent of high school students reported having daily back pain for a week or more during the past 12 months. Female students had a higher prevalence of back pain than males(OR=2.22, 95% CI 1.69-2.91). Using a multiple logistic regression model, we found six factors associated with back pain for females; alcohol(OR=1.75, 95% CI 1.26-2.45), depression(OR=1.75, 95% CI 1.84-2.28), poor physical health(OR=2.57, 95% CI 1.84-8.58), obesity(OR=0.29, 95% CI 0.12-0.68), exercise(OR=l.50, 95% CI=1.07-2.16), and good performance(OR=l.50, 95% CI 1.05-2.18). Only alcohol, however, associated with back pain for males(OR=1.70, 95% CI 1.05-2.77) CONCLUSIONS: High school students had a relatively high prevalence of back pain. Students with alcohol consumption had the higher risk for back pain.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.376-383
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• 2012

A number of scientific researches are currently being conducted on the potential health hazards of power frequency electric and magnetic field (EMF). There exists a non-objective and psychological belief that they are harmful, although no scientific and objective proof of such exists. This possible health risk from ELF magnetic field (MF) exposure, especially for children under 17 years of age, is currently one of Korea's most highly contested social issues. Therefore, to assess the magnetic field exposure levels of those children in their general living environments, the personal MF exposure levels of 436 subjects were measured for about 6 years using government funding. Using the measured database, estimation formulas were developed to predict personal MF exposure levels. These formulas can serve as valuable tools in estimating 24-hour personal MF exposure levels without directly measuring the exposure. Three types of estimation formulas were developed by applying evolutionary computation methods such as genetic algorithm (GA) and genetic programming (GP). After tuning the database, the final three formulas with the smallest estimation error were selected, where the target estimation error was approximately 0.03 ${\mu}T$. The seven parameters of each of these three formulas are gender (G), age (A), house type (H), house size (HS), distance between the subject's residence and a power line (RD), power line voltage class (KV), and the usage conditions of electric appliances (RULE).

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 1994

This paper proposes two Bayes estimators and their evaluation algorithms of the software reliability at the end testing stage in the Smith's Bayesian software reliability growth model under the data prior distribution BE(a, b), which is more general than uniform distribution, as a class of prior information. We consider both a squared-error loss function and the Harris loss function in the Bayesian estimation procedures. We also compare the MSE performances of the Bayes estimators and their algorithms of software reliability using computer simulations. And we conclude that the Bayes estimator of software reliability under the Harris loss function is more efficient than other estimators in terms of the MSE performances as a is larger and b is smaller, and that the Bayes estimators using the beta prior distribution as a conjugate prior is better than the Bayes estimators under the uniform prior distribution as a noninformative prior when a＞b.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.5C
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• pp.523-531
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• 2003

Java applets are downloaded from web server through internet and executed in Java Virtual Machine of clients'browser. Before execution of java applets, JVM checks bytecode program with bytecode verifier and performs runtime tests with interpreter. However, these tests will not protect against undesirable runtime behavior of java applets, such as denial of service attack, email forging attack, URL spoofing attack, or annoying sound attack. In order to protect malicious applets, a technique used in this paper is java bytecode modification. This technique is used to restrict applet behavior or insert code appropriate to profiling or other monitoring efforts. Java byte modification is divided into two general forms, class-level modification involving subclassing non-final classes and method-level modification used when control over objects from final classes or interface. This paper showed that malicious applets are controlled by java bytecode modification using proxy server. This implementation does not require any changes in the web sever, JVM or web browser.