• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.209-214
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• 2002

This research analyzes the types of resident's satisfaction and the preferred rental housing types in Gwangju. The results are summarized as follows : This study devided the characters of resident's satisfaction into four factors and classified the types of residents into three specific groups by the factors of resident's satisfaction : high dwelling density and management improvement demanding type, medium size and general satisfaction type, environmental improvement demanding type The first type includes the lowest income group and relatively high income group coincidently. They need wider living space or want improvement of the level of management service. The second type omnipresently satisfies not only medium sized living space but also other items. This type will be regarded as the inducement standard for the rental housing policy. The third type includes the lowest group in economic and physical level who wants the general upgrade of living space and management level. And, residents need long-term rental housing and wider housing area by 5 pyong.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.464-472
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the science inquiry problem finding ability of gifted elementary students of science and general elementary students. For this purpose, this study analyzed the types of science inquiry problems in an ill-structured problem finding situation. Also, this study has compared science inquiry problem finding abilities of those two groups. From the results of this study, new ways of improving student' science inquiry problem finding ability and selection of gifted students of science were suggested. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, most of the inquiry problems generated by the scientifically gifted and the general students in an ill-structured problem situation could be categorized into seven types (measurement, method, cause, possibility, what, comparison, relationship) according to the inquiry objectives, and both group found more problems in scientific context than in everyday context. Regardless of the context of problem, scientifically gifted students found more problems and the type of problems generated by them were more various than those of general students. Second, there were differences in problem finding ability between scientifically gifted and general students. Scientifically gifted students found more problems and the quality of problems were higher than general students.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.241-263
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• 2013

Time pressure and financial burden have been reported as the main constraints on leisure participation. The purpose of this study was to explore a typology of leisure constraints, investigate the characteristics of leisure constraint types, and analyze the differences in leisure participation by the types of leisure constraints for married employees. The data source for this research was the 2009 Time Use Survey conducted by the Korea National Statistical Office (KNSO). Married employees aged 20 to 59 years completed 13,476 time diaries (7,984 for male, 5,492 for female), which were analyzed using chi-square, cluster analysis, and ANOVA analysis. Leisure constraints were classified into five types in two categories, working time per week and personal income for both males and females respectively. The three types for both males and females were time-income constraints, income constraints, and general constraints, with an additional type for men, $time^+$-income constraints, and an additional type for women, time constraint. The most common type was general constraints, for both males and females. Each type was further differentiated by the following socio-economic variables: age, educational level, job type, and weekly day-off. The study found that participation in study, sports, and religious activities varied with the types of leisure constraints.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.113-133
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• 2008

In recent years, speedy development of Taiwan's hotel industry intensifies market competition, customers' demands on hotel services quality also increase with the increase of their consumption consciousness, and their demands on hotel types diversify, therefore hotel industry should concern on their unique management services quality brought by their different hotel types. The current designed service system or service transmission process may fail to meet customers' demands owing to emphasizing degree gap in service quality. What is worse, it is difficult for hotel industry to actualize complete customer segregation and to provide customized services, therefore comprehensive understanding of customers' demands on the service quality of different types hotels would contribute to operating management improvement of Taiwan hotel industry. This paper divides Taiwan hotels into three types: international tourism commercial type, holiday type and motel, the general hotels. It studies the emphasize degree gap in service quality between the industry and the customers. Data analysis shows that service quality gap (perceived gap) of hotels of different types exists in several quality aspects; what's more, the perceived gaps, service quality aspects, and its items of different types of hotel are also different. After an integrated analysis, this paper puts forward a general and customer-oriented quality item suitable for hotel industry to shorten the perceived gap of service quality, so that the hotel industry could design a service system and service transfer system, which could meet most lodging customers' demands in the context of pluralized customer sources.

• Journal of the Korean Burn Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2020

Purpose: Due to rapid changes in the industrial structure in last decade, the wider various types of chemical agents were introduced. Burn surgeons should be well-informed with rapid changes of chemical burns. We present the recent incidence trends of causing agents of chemical burns. Methods: From 2010 to 2019, 92 chemical burn victims were included in this study. A retrospective study was made about the type, distribution and incidence of the causing agents of chemical burns. Initial treatments of most chemical burn wounds are copious saline irrigation by tap water, except hydrofluoric acid burn cases managed by 10% calcium gluconate injection. In alkali chemical burns on extremity, if thin eschars appear in postburn 2~3 days, acute early surgical escharectomy and split thickness skin graft were done. Results: More than 9 types of major chemicals causing chemical burns were surveyed, and the most common causing agent of chemical burns was Hydrofluoric acid (23.9%) followed by Acetic acid (19.6%) and Sodium hydroxide (8.7%). Conclusion: From 2010 to 2019, changes in the causing agent of chemical burns are that the types of major causing agents of chemical burns have increased and the distribution and incidence of causing agents have changed compared to previous reports. According to this study, more than 9 types of major chemicals causing chemical burns were surveyed, and the most common causing agent of chemical burns was Hydrofluoric acid (23.9%) followed by Acetic acid, Sodium hydroxide.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.211-224
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• 2023

This study surveyed 2nd graders of B high school and 1st graders of A university in Gyeongnam on factors such as behavior control and interaction in non-face-to-face classes, easy or difficult concepts presented in chemistry I and general chemistry textbooks. Based on the results of the survey, the effect of changes in the difficulty level of concepts presented in chemistry I and general chemistry and changes in class types (face-to-face and non-face-to-face) on students' academic achievement by level was compared and analyzed. In the face-to-face class, the average score between the first and second semesters was similar according to the change in the difficulty of the concepts presented in chemistry I and general chemistry. In the non-face-to-face class, the average score of chemistry I in the second semester was quite low, and the average score of general chemistry was rather high. In non-face-to-face classes, the average score of chemistry I in the second semester of low-level students was significantly lowered due to changes in the difficulty of the concept and changes in class types on academic achievement by level. In the case of 10% of students at the lower level, the academic achievement of chemistry I decreased in both the second semester regardless of the changes in the difficulty level of concepts and the changes in class types.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.39-46
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to study on the effect of surface coating on thermal insulation of farm structures to improve thermal resistance and reflective effect of solar radiation. Nine different types of experimental specimen were compared in the temperature variations of inside and outside; A, B, C, D. E and F types are box container and G, H and I types are drum container. The size of these containers is $1,500{\times}2,000{\times}2,500$ mm and ${\varphi}$ $280{\times}330$ mm, respectively. Specimen of 3-type box(A, B, C) is galvanized steel sheet of thickness 0.45 mm. D, E and F types are sandwich panel of the thickness 50 mm inserted with urethane, glass wool and polystyrene form, respectively. G, H and I types are paint pot using in general. The surface of A. D, E, F and I types didn't any treatment, B, C and G types were treated with thermal insulation coating on the outside surface(B, G) or the inside and outside surface(C). And H type was treated with water paint coating on the only outside surface. In general, the experimental results showed the following tendencies; In case of A, B and C types. it was found that the thermal insulation effect of types coated with thermal insulation coating was improved remarkably than that of no treatment. And the thermal insulation effect between steel sheet and sandwich panel type was nearly similar There was not a significant difference of thermal insulation effect between thermal insulation coating and water paint coating. In time of drum container filled with rough rice, The difference of heat transfer tendency and temperature variation among surface treatments was nearly similar that of box types of galvanized steel sheet. And there was time lag about 6 hours between the temperature of middle part of rice and that of inside or outside surface.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.61-71
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to analyze university students' types of spatial consumptive decision behavior in order to provide a guideline on development of creative squares on campus. In particular, it is investigated how student's general characteristics, such as gender, age and major, awareness of creative squares, and preferred spatial types have influence on types of spatial decision consumptive behavior. In addition, correlations among the factors and types are analyzed. As a specific method for gathering information, a questionnaire composed of 46 questions was drawn up to conduct a survey of 206 students of S University in Seoul. The collected data from the survey were analyzed using SPSS windows v17.0. Based on a few previous works, the spatial consumptive decision behavior is classified into four types with Crombach ${\alpha}=0.794$ : 'Exploration' type, 'Experience' type, 'Showing-off type, and 'Trend-Following' type. The main results of this paper can be summarized as follows. First, all factors that affect spatial consumptive decision behavior are more or less correlated with one another. Second, awareness of creative square is significantly different according to the age and major of students. Third, in general, the 'Exploration' type embraces the largest number of students, followed by 'Experience' type, 'Showing-off type, and 'Trend-Following' type. Fourth, the portion of students belonging to each type is a little different according to the major of students. Finally, each type of spatial consumptive decision behavior is highly correlated with the gender and preferred spatial types of students. It was also found that all types of students prefer three to five specific spatial types. Accordingly, the identified spatial types can be exploited in developing a creative square in campus. The results of this paper are expected to expedite follow-up research on creative squares on campus under various conditions.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.329-341
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• 2010

In this paper, we analyzed the freshmen's achievements on general mathematics their GPA based on 'basic mathematics diagonal test score'. Also, we studied the achievements of students who were not passed the 'Basic Mathematics Diagonal Test (BMDT)' and had to take supplementary lessons to improve their mathematics abilities four times a week during the first semester of academic year 2008 in Mokpo National University. Before taking college entrance exam, high school students had to choose two types of scholastic area. One is on 'Ga' or 'Na' in mathematics and the other is on Natural Science or Social Science. According to the types, we classified the freshman-Ga or Na and NS or SS. We found some facts. First, a few of Ga and NS freshmen had low score on the BMDT. Second, Na and NS freshman got higher score than Na and SS freshmen on the BMDT. Third, Ga and NS freshmen who passed the BMDT got higher score on the general mathematics than those who failed the BMDT. Finally, there are correlations between achievements of general mathematics and a curriculum of freshmen who were passed test after taking supplementary lessons.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.699-718
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• 2014

The indirect displacement estimation using acceleration and strain (IDEAS) method is extended to various types of beam structures beyond the previous validation on the prismatic or near-prismatic beams. By fusing different types of responses, the IDEAS method is able to estimate displacements containing pseudo-static components with high frequency noise to be significantly reduced. However, the concerns to the IDEAS method come from possible disagreement of the assumed sinusoidal mode shapes to the actual mode shapes, which allows the IDEAS method to be valid only for simply-supported prismatic beams and limits its applicability to real world problems. In this paper, the extension of the IDEAS method to the general types of beams is investigated by the mathematical formulation of the modal mapping matrix only for the monitored substructure, so-called monitoring span. The formulation particularly considers continuous and wide beams to extend the IDEAS method to general beam structures that reflect many real bridges. Numerical simulations using four types of beams with various irregularities are presented to show the effectiveness and accuracy of the IDEAS method in estimating displacements.