• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.214-219
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• 2006

Oligopoly differs from perfect competition and monopoly in that a firm must consider rival firms' behavior to determine its own best policy. This interrelationship among firms is the issue examined in this paper. In the oligopoly market, the complete information market means that each producer has full information about itself, the market, and its rivals. That is, each producer knows the market demand function, its own cost function and the cost functions of rivals. On the other hand, the incomplete information market means that in general each producer lacks full information about the market or its rivals. Here, we assume that each firm doesn't know the cost functions and the strategic biddings of its rivals. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze firm' strategic behaviors and equilibrium in an electricity market with incomplete information. In the case study, the complete information market and the incomplete market are compared at the Nash Equilibrium from the viewpoints of market price, transaction quantities, consumer benefits, and Social Welfare.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.297-327
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• 2019

In this paper, we introduce and study a general iterative algorithm to approximate a common solution of split generalized equilibrium problem, variational inequality problem and fixed point problem for a finite family of nonexpansive mappings in real Hilbert spaces. Further, we prove a strong convergence theorem for the sequences generated by the proposed iterative scheme. Finally, we derive some consequences from our main result. The results presented in this paper extended and unify many of the previously known results in this area.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1972

We have investigated the structure of the general relativistic polytrope(G.R.P.) of n=5. The numerical solutions of the general relativistic Lane-Emden functions ${\upsilon}\;and\;{\theta}$ for the ratio of the central pressure to the central density ${\sigma}=0.1$, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.8333 are plotted graphically. We may summarize the results as follows: 1. As the invariant radius $\bar{\xi}$ increases, the numerical value of the mass parameter ${\upsilon}$ does not approach toward the assymptotic limit, as it does in the classical case $({\upsilon}{\sim}{\sqrt{3}})$, but it increases continuously with progressively smaller rate as compared with the classical case. 2. When $\bar{\xi}$ is less than ${\sim}5.5$, the value of the density function ${\theta}$ drops more rapidly than the classical one, whereas when $\bar{\xi}$ is greater than ${\sim}5.5$, ${\theta}$ becomes greater than the classical value. For the greater values of ${\sigma}$ these phenomena become significant. 3. From the above results it is expected that the equilibrium mass of the G.R.P. of n=5 must be larger than the classical masse $({\sqrt{3}})$ and the mass is more dispersed than the classical configuration (i.e. equilibrium with infinite radius).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.265-278
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• 2002

A concept test was administered to college students and teachers to identify their understanding of chemical equilibrium and equilibrium shift. The subjects were 53 freshmen in the General Chemistry class, 28 juniors in the Physical Chemistry class and 26 seniors from a university and 10 high school teachers in Seoul. Test items include the calculations of partial pressure and concentration of the gas in the mixture, the equilibrium constant cal-culation and the prediction of equilibrium shift when an inert gas is added to the gaseous reaction system, and the equilibrium concentration calculation and the prediction of equilibrium shift when water or common ion is added to the weak acid solution. The test was focused to identify whether the subjects can predict equilibrium shift using the reaction quotient change for the situations in which Le Chatelier principle is difficult to apply. The results showed that the achievements of teachers and juniors were significantly higher than those of freshmen and seniors. Many stu-dents had difficulties in predicting equilibrium shift using the reaction quotient while they could calculate partial pres-sure and concentration for the same situation. It means they are lack of conceptual understanding of chemical equilibrium shift.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.185-223
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• 2008

This paper considers a heterogeneous agent dynamic general equilibrium model and analyzes effects of an increase in labor income tax rate on labor market and the aggregate variables in Korea. The fiscal policy regarding how the government uses the additional tax revenue may take the two forms: 1) general transfer and 2) earned income tax credit (EITC). The model features are as follows: 1) Workers are heterogeneous in their productivity. 2)Labor is indivisible, hence the analysis focuses on the variation in labor supply through the extensive margin in response to a change in fiscal policy. 3) The incomplete markets are introduced, so individual workers can not perfectly insure themselves against risks related to stochastic changes in income or employment status. 4) The model is of general equilibrium, hence it is equiped to analyze the feedback effect of changes in aggregate variables on individual workers' decisions. In the case of general transfer policy, the government equally distributes the additional tax revenue to all workers regardless of their employment states. Under this policy, an increase in the labor income tax rate dampens work incentives of individual workers so that the aggregate employment rate decreases by 1% compared with the benchmark economy. In the case of EITC policy, only employed workers whose labor incomes are below a certain EITC ceiling are eligible for the EITC benefits. Unlike the general transfer policy, the EITC induces low-income workers to participate the labor market to be eligible for EITC benefits. Hence, the aggregate employment rate may increase by 2.7% at the maximum. As the EITC ceiling increases, too many workers can collect the EITC but the benefits per worker becomes too little so that the increase in employment rate is negligible. By and large, this study demonstrates that EITC may effectively raise the aggregate employment rate, and that it can be a useful policy tool in response to the decrease in the labor force due to population aging as observed in Korea recently.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.465-480
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• 2017

Modelling an equilibrium atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) in computational wind engineering (CWE) and relevant areas requires the boundary conditions, the turbulence model and associated constants to be consistent with each other. Among them, the inflow boundary conditions play an important role and determine whether the equations of the turbulence model are satisfied in the whole domain. In this paper, the idea of modeling an equilibrium ABL through specifying proper inflow boundary conditions is extended to the SST $k-{\omega}$ model, which is regarded as a better RANS model for simulating the blunt body flow than the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model. Two new sets of inflow boundary conditions corresponding to different descriptions of the inflow velocity profiles, the logarithmic law and the power law respectively, are then theoretically proposed and numerically verified. A method of determining the undetermined constants and a set of parameter system are then given, which are suitable for the standard wind terrains defined in the wind load code. Finally, the full inflow boundary condition equations considering the scale effect are presented for the purpose of general use.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.29-46
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• 1978

The Equilibrium Theory is one of the key theories on the study of maintenance and continuance of organization. A contributor or participant of the business organization has been given the needed incucements and motivated to join in business. To keep this situation balanced is, so-called, the organization equilibrium. C. I. Barnard was the first to research this, and that J. G. March and H. A. Simon advanced it. Modern organization theory is not only the equilibrium theory but continuance theory of organization. That is, the continuance of business administration organization relies on the willingness to cooperate with which the participants in business try to devote themselves to business. The organization itself is not only combined with its members and assets but a kind of behaviour system which every member makes an effort to contribute. On a view of dynamics, organization remains, prospers and deceases in process of its formation, disorganization and reformation. But taking consideration into going concern, it is necessary that we should plan to strike a balance of business administration organization. We can write down the proposition of this theory as follows: The continuance and growth of organization=inducements contribution The basic idea of this theory was established by C. I. Barnard. But it implied many problems such as incorrect statistical measures and the defects of objectivity. These problems were more or less rearranged and improved by so-called March-Simon's equilibrium theory. Especially March-Simon's general models of organization equilibrium are a great success in this field. In the future, these problems mentioned above will be a challenge to workers in this field how we shall diminish the defects to the minimum and how perfectly we can progress it.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.655-666
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• 2017

In this paper, we study the pattern formation to a general Degn-Harrison reaction model. We show Turing instability happens by analyzing the stability of the unique positive equilibrium with respect to the PDE model and the corresponding ODE model, which indicate the existence of the non-constant steady state solutions. We also show the existence periodic solutions of the PDE model and the ODE model by using Hopf bifurcation theory. Numerical simulations are presented to verify and illustrate the theoretical results.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 1993

In this paper, we survey the current status of measurement labor in Korean Industry. At the same time we try to predit the demand and supply of measurement labor to suggest policy measures for equilibrium in measurement labor market. We use a general production function for the prediction which include a set of general homethetic production function.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.995-999
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• 2001

This paper deals with the free vibrations of arches with general boundary condition. Based on the dynamic equilibrium equations of a arch element acting the stress resultants and the inertia forces, the governing differential equation is derived for the in-plane free vibration of such arches. Differential equations are solved numerically to calculate natural frequencies. In numerical examples, the parabolic arch is considered. The effects of the arch rise to span length ratio, the slenderness ratio, the vertical spring coefficient and the rotational spring coefficient on the natural frequencies are analyzed.