• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.23 no.2 s.73
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• pp.129-138
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• 1995

DNA fragment being able to restore in vitro activity of ${\beta}-1,3-glucan$ synthase was cloned by transformation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae LP353 mutant strain with genomic library constructed in the YCp50. For the selection of transformants which showed no detectable phenotype linked to recovery of the defect in ${\beta}-1,3-glucan$ synthase activity, the colony autoradiography was succesfully applied. The restriction map of the cloned DNA fragment, which is 8.5-kb in length, was constructed. Both the YEplac195 and the YCp50 carrying the 8.5-kb fragment increased ${\beta}-1,3-glucan$ synthase activity of LP353 by two fold. Neither the YEplac195 nor the YCp50 carrying the 8.5-kb DNA fragment, however, complemented the temperature-dependent osmotic sensitivity which is another distinctive phenotype of LP353. Subcloning experiments indicated that a functional region was located in 4.8-kb BglII-KpnI fragment. The 4.8-kb fragment was also able to increase the level of ${\beta}-1,3-glucan$ content in cell wall as well as the resistance of cells to cell wall lytic enzyme, ${\beta}-1,3-glucanase$. The growth rate of the LP353 with 4.8-kb fragment was almost same as that of wild type strain in liquid medium with 1.2 M sorbitol at nonpermissive temperature. Taken these results together, the 4.8-kb fragment seemed to contain the BGS2 gene for ${\beta}-1,3-glucan$ synthase activity in yeast S. cerevisiae.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.103-113
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• 2003

Twenty five isolates of Alternaria were obtained from various solanaceous crops in Korea. For all isolates, morphological characteristics of the conidia were determined and compared with those of representative isolates of A. solani and A. tomatophila. A selection of the isolates and the representative Alternaria isolates were evaluated for Pathogenicity to potato, tomato, egg plant and red pepper. Molecular characteristics of 17 isolates of Alternaria inculding the representative isolates were determined using sequence analysis of IRS rDNA and histone H3 gene, and URP-PCR analysis. Based on morphological characteristics, the isolates from the solanaceous crops were grouped as identical or very similar to either A. tomatophila (ATO), A. solani (ASO), and unidentified Alternaria sp. (ASP). Isolates of ASO were moderately pathogenic to all the solanaceous crops tested, but ATO isolates were highly pathogenic to tomato and the ASP isolate was pathogenic only to potato. Among the molecular markers used in this study, the URP-PCR analysis was found to be appropriate for taxonomic resolution of these species. Based on the conidial morphology, pathogenicity test and molecular characteristics, A. tomatophila (early blight of tomato) could be distinguished from A. solani (early blight of potato), and the Alternaria sp. (ASP) from potato, which was closely related to ASO in conidial morphology, was considered as a new species.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.243-248
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• 2001

This study was peformed to find out the optimal conditions for the selection of transformed cells using already established transgenic plants. Several transgenic poplar (Populus alba$\times$P giandulosa) lines carrying npt II or hpt gene as a selectable marker were tested against kanamycin or hygromycin. Two culture explants, leaf discs and nodes, were compared regarding their sensitivity to the antibiotics. When leaf discs of untransformed control plants were cultured on callus inducing media in the presence of varying levels of kanamycin or hygromycin, only those cultured on the media containing lower than 50 mg/L kanamycin or 2 mg/L hygromycin formed callus. However, much higher concentration of kanamycin was needed to suppress the growth of axillary buds of untransformed plants. On the other hand, hygromycin at the concentration of 5 mg/L effectively suppressed shoot growth of untransformed plants. Root induction from untransformed plants could also be suppressed at the concentration of 50 mg/L kanamycin or 5 mg/L hygromycin. The transgenic plants showed resistance to 100 mg/L kanamycin or 50 mg/L hygromycin in the growth of callus, shoots, and roots. Hygromycin appeared to be more efficient in selecting untransformed cells than kanamycin.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 2006

Hypocotyl explants of Chinese cabbage (us. 'Jeong Sang' and 'Seoul') produced adventitious shoots on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 4mg/L $AgNO_3$, 5 mg/L acetosyringone, 4 mg/L 6-benzyladenine and 3mg/L alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (SI) after cocoultivation with strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens (LBA4404) harboring the pCAMBIA1301 and the $_PPTN290$ containing hygromycin-resistance gene and paromomycin-resistance gene as a selectable marker genes, respectively. There was a significant difference in the frequency of transgenic plants depending on antibiotics and cultivars used. Paromomycin was better than hygromycin, and cultivar 'Jeong-sang' was higher than 'c.v. Seoul' in the frequency of transgenic plants. In particular, the highest frequency (0.70%) of transgenic plants was obtained from selection medium (SI) containing 100mg/L paromomycin in c.v., 'Jeong-sang' GUS positive response were obtained 9 plants and 3 plants from the cultivars, 'Jeong-sang' and 'Seoul', respectively. They were grown to maturity in a greenhouse and normally produced $T_1$ seeds. GUS histochemical assay for progeny $(T_1)$ revealed that the transgenes were expressed in the plant genome.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.315-325
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• 2015

Recently, livestock breeding is more focused on the meat quality rather than meat quantity, mainly due to the improvement of consumers' income. Among the meat quality traits, meat color is one of very important traits because meat color is the first selection criterion from the consumers in the market. Most of the economically important traits have continuous variations and these are called quantitative traits. the genomic locations affecting these traits are called quantitative trait locus (QTL), which is mostly controlled by many genes having small effects. In this study, the recent QTL and candidate gene studies were reviewed in order to meet the consumers' demand for the future market. In the chicken QTL database, three traits are related with meat colors, namely breast color (Bco), meat color (Mco), drip loss (DL) and pH. The identified number of QTLs is 33 from 13 chromosomal regions. In these QTL regions, 14 candidate genes were identified; Eight for meat color (APP, BCMO1, COL1A2, FTO, KPNA2, PSMD12, G0S2, FTSJ3), two for drip loss (AGRP, FTO) and four for pH (GALNT1, PCDH19, DIAPH1, SPP2). These QTLs and candidate genes need to be confirmed and fine mapping is ultimately needed for identification of causative variations. The recently developed chicken resource population using Korean native chicken can be used for the improvement of meat quality traits, which increase the value that needed in the chicken industry.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.135-140
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• 2013

A less simple approach developed for generation of marker-free transgenic plants is to select transformants without the use of selective marker genes. Some results about development of marker-free transgenic plants were obtained using a non-selective approach in several crops such as rice, potato and tobacco. However, the study did not provide evidence on detailed characterization of introduced gene on genome, a critical step for confirming the stable integration and transmission of a foreign gene. In this study, we evaluated structure and integration sites of transgene (mCry1Ac) in the transgenic Bt rice plants which were made via conventional Agrobacterium-mediated transformation by non-selective method. Structure and integration sites of transgene in these transgenic plants had similar fashion as those recovered under selection.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.156-161
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• 2002

Two different cDNA clones for superoxide dismutase (SOD) were isolated from an weedy rice variety (Oryza sativa, cv. Bhutan14Ad) and were introduced into a cultivated rice variety (Oryza sativa, cv. Nakdong) in order to develop the environmental stress-resistant rice plants. Sequence analysis of the cloned cDNAS indicated that the deduced amino acid sequence of SOD-A is 88.4% identical to that of SOD-B. Furthermore, the nucleotide sequence of SOD-A is 99.3% identical to that of a Cu/Zn SOD gene of Oryza sativa (GenBank accession No. L36320). The nueleotide sequence of SOD-B was identical to that of the previously published SOD gene (Accession No. D01000). A cultivated rice variety, Nakdong-byeo, was transformed with chimeric SOD genes containing a actin promoter of rice and pin2 terminator using a particle bombardment technique. Transformed calli were selected on an selection medium containing phosphinothricin (PPT). Transgenic rice plants were regenerated from the PPT-resistant calli. PCR analysis with genomic DNAs from transgenic plants revealed that transgenes are introduced into rice genome.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.39-42
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• 2009

Soybean is an important sources of plant proteins for human and animal nutrition. The use of soybean proteins has been expanded in the food industry due to their excellent nutritional benefits. But, Soybeans contain allergenic proteins that cause allergies to sensitive individuals. ${\beta}$-conglycinin(7S globulin) and glycinin(11S globulin) are the major components of storage protein in soybean. ${\beta}$-conglycinin consists of three subunits, ${\alpha}^{\prime}$, ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$ and exhibits poorer nutritional and food processing properties than glycinin. There is a great deal of interest in the development of soybean lines with reduced amounts of ${\beta}$-conglycinin. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of ${\alpha}^{\prime}$-subunit protein in 7S globulin. F2 population was developed from the cross of "Jinpumkong2ho"(${\alpha}^{\prime}$-subunit presence) and PI506876(${\alpha}^{\prime}$-subunit absence) parent. Total 98 of F2 seeds were obtained and analyzed for the segregation of ${\alpha}^{\prime}$-subunit protein by SDS-PAGE. Among 98 F2 seeds, 70 F2 seeds showed ${\alpha}^{\prime}$-subunit protein and 28 F2 seeds did not show ${\alpha}^{\prime}$-subunit protein. The segregation ratios of 3 : 1 for presence and absence of ${\alpha}^{\prime}$-subunit protein were observed(${\chi}^2=0.667$, P=0.414). These data indicate that presence and absence of ${\alpha}^{\prime}$-subunit protein is controlled by a single major gene and might be useful for strain selection of 7S protein reduced soybean.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.303-311
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• 2019

Various colors of fruit skin and flesh are the most popular commercial criteria for peach classification. In order to breed new red-fleshed peach cultivar, many cross seedlings and generations should be maintained. Therefore it is necessary to develop early selection markers to screen seedlings with target traits to increase breeding efficiency. For the comparison of transcription profiles in peach cultivars differing in flesh color expression, two cDNA libraries were constructed. Differences in gene expression between red-fleshed peach cultivar, 'Josanghyeoldo' and white-fleshed peach cultivar, 'Mibaekdo' were analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Expressed sequence tag (EST) of clones from the two cultivars were selected for nucleotide sequence determination and homology searches. Putative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were screened from peach EST contigs by high resolution melting (HRM) analysis displayed specific difference between 8 red-fleshed peach cultivars and 24 white-fleshed peach cultivars. All 72 pairs of SNPs were discriminated and the HRM profiles of amplicons were established. In the study reported here, the development of SNP markers for distinguishing between red and white fleshed peach cultivars by HRM analysis offers the opportunity to use DNA markers. This SNP marker could be useful for peach marker assisted breeding and provide a good reference for relevant research on molecular mechanisms of color variation in peach cultivars.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.834-839
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• 2021

Authors previously reported the results of analyses of COGs (Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins) in 711 prokaryotes. The data of COGs were significantly updated for 2020 using 1,309 prokaryotic genomes. Here, we report the results of analyses of 3,455,853 proteins comprising 4,877 updated COGs in terms of COGs and prokaryotes. The numbers of COGs in each prokaryote ranged from 97 to 2,281, with an average of 1,430.0 and a standard deviation of 414.2. Mean numbers of COGs at the phylum level were minimal 497.86 for Mollicutes and maximal 1,642.90 for Cyanobacteria. The top 10 species with the highest COG retention numbers were all Proteobacteria, and 9 out of the bottom 10 were those that could not be cultured in vitro. The numbers of proteins belonging to each COG ranged from 2 to 22,048, with over 12,000 proteins up to the top 11. Five of the top 11 were COGs that bind to DNA and were involved in the gene expression, indicating the importance of regulating gene expression in prokaryotes in a changing environment. COG data are expected to be widely utilized as they can be used for the identification of genes included in the genome and the selection of genes for the strain improvement.