• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.515-522
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• 2017

CD133, a pentaspan transmembrane glycoprotein, is generally used as a cancer stem cell marker in various human malignancies, but its biological function in cancer cells, especially in glioma cells, is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that forced expression of CD133 increases the expression of IL-$1{\beta}$ and its downstream chemokines, namely, CCL3, CXCL3 and CXCL5, in U87MG glioma cells. Although there were no apparent changes in cell growth and sphere formation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, in vitro trans-well studies and in vivo tumor xenograft assays showed that neutrophil recruitment was markedly increased by the ectopic expression of CD133. In addition, the clinical relevance between CD133 expression and IL-$1{\beta}$ gene signature was established in patients with malignant gliomas. Thus, these results imply that glioma cells expressing CD133 are capable of modulating tumor microenvironment through the IL-$1{\beta}$ signaling pathway.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2013

The novel BrRZFPs genes encoding C3HC4-type RING zinc finger protein were identified from FOX (full length cDNA over-expressing) library of Brassica rapa. Ten full-length cDNAs obtained from the library encode zinc-finger protein containing 346 amino acids, designated BrRZFPs. These genes were classified into four groups by phylogenic analysis showing conserved protein sequences at both termini. The tissue distribution of BrRZFPs transcription was examined by qRT-PCR revealing ubiquitous expression pattern. However, each gene was strongly expressed in the specific tissue. Transcriptional analysis showed that those acquired 10 genes were inducible under abiotic stresses. Likewise, the transcript of BrRZFP3 was strongly induced (~12-folds) by exogenous abscisic acid, whereas the transcripts of BrRZFP1, BrRZFP2 and BrRZFP3 were (> 9-folds) induced by cold. We suggest that these BrRZFPs that function as signal or response to abiotic stress are useful for crop improvement.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.389-394
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• 2000

The Tcf-1 (1-cell factor-1) protein binds to the T-cell specific enhancer sequences and plays an architectural role in the assembly of transcriptional machinery. One of the Tcf family proteins, Tcf-4, was found to be an important regulator for colon cancer development where it activates specific genes upon binding to $\beta$-catenin following Wnt signaling. We were interested in the transcriptional regulatory activities of Tcf-1 and Tcf-4 proteins in T-cells and colon cancer cells. Transactivation assay was developed using a reporter plasmid containing luciferase gene under the control of Tcf responsive elements. Luciferase activity was determined following co-transfection of the reporter along with Tcf-1 and/or $\beta$-catenin expressing plasmids. Transcription was significantly induced by $\beta$-catenin expression in all cells. Tcf-1 by itself did not induce transcription in the mature T-cell lines, but overexpressed Tcf-1 greatly activated transcription in the immature T-cell line. In addition, transfected $\beta$-catenin induced apoptosis, but co-transfected Tcf-1 suppressed apoptosis in HEK293 cells. These results suggest that Tcf-1 and $\beta$-catenin differently regulate transcription and apoptosis.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.251-256
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• 2021

Oat, the seeds of Avena sativa L. (Gramineae), is an important dietary staple for people in many countries. Previous studies reported that A. sativa had various pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, neurotonic, and antispasmodic activities. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans model system was used to investigate the antioxidant activity of methanol extract of oat. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the oat methanol extract showed the best DPPH radical scavenging activity. The ethyl acetate fraction was measured for the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance by using C. elegans along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. In addition, to confirm that the regulation of the stress response gene is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans treated by the ethyl acetate fraction, SOD-3 expression was measured using GFP-expressing transgenic worm. As a result, the ethyl acetate fraction increased SOD and catalase activities, and decreased ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the ethyl acetate fraction-treated CF1553 worm showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity compared to the control.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 2019

RNases plays a pivotal role in biological system and different RNases are known for their various functions like angiogenesis, immunological response, antiviral, antitumour activity and apoptosis. In which anti tumour activity of RNase is proved to improve genome stability in normal cells up to some extent. RNases like RNase L shows antiviral and antitumour activities against virus infected cells and cancer cells through 2'-5' oligo adenylate pathway and induces RNaseL dependent apoptosis where as RNase A modulates various proliferative pathways like MAP kinase, JNK, TGF-${\beta}$ and activates apoptosis in cancer cells and promotes immunological response through processing of Ags. IRE1 RNase acts as both tumour suppressor gene and oncogene in normal and cancer cells and involved in both antitumour and tumorigenic activities. RNase III upregulates miRNA in cancer cells there by acting via posttranscriptional level and proven to be effective against colorectal adeno carcinoma. In addition to this IRE1 RNase is a double edged sword through RIDD pathway in ER (18). To some of the cancers expressing c-myc IRE1 acts as tumour suppressor where as in cancers where myc is downregulated IRE1 acts as tumour provoking through RIDD pathway (18). Thus RNases play vital role in regulating the genome stability.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.94-105
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• 2019

Objectives: The correlation between medicinal herbal formulas and a risk of cardiotoxicity has been controversial. Thus, this study investigated cardiac safety assessment of 52 most commonly used medicinal herbal formulas. Methods: We evaluated the in vitro effects of medicinal herbal formulas on recombinant human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cell line expressing human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channel. Results and Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that all of 52 medicinal herbal formulas did not show inhibition of hERG current in hERG-HEK 293 recombinant cells. In conclusion, these safety data suggest that 52 medicinal herbal formulas were not associated with an increased risk of cardiotoxicity in hERG-HEK 293 recombinant cells.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2023

The plant-specific NAC transcription factors control various biological processes, including plant development and stress responses. We have isolated an ANAC032 gene, one of the NAC transcription factor family, which was highly activated by multi-abiotic stresses, including high salt and drought in Arabidopsis. Here, we generated transgenic plants constitutively expressing ANAC032 and its knockout to identify the functional roles of ANAC032 in Arabidopsis under abiotic stress responses. The ANAC032-overexpressing plants showed enhanced tolerance to salinity and drought stresses. The anac032 knockout mutants were observed no significant changes under the high salt and drought conditions. We also monitored the expression of high salt and drought stress-responsive genes in the ANAC032 transgenic plants and anac032 mutant. The ANAC032 overexpression upregulated the expression of stress-responsive genes, RD29A and ERD10, under the stresses. Thus, our data identify that transcription factor ANAC032 plays as an enhancer for salinity and drought tolerance through the upregulation of stress-responsive genes and provides useful genetic traits for generating multi-abiotic stress-tolerant forage crops.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.356-381
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• 2023

Although immunotherapy has been broadly successful in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and a subset of solid tumors, its clinical outcomes for glioblastoma are still inadequate. The results could be due to neuroanatomical structures such as the blood-brain-barrier, antigenic heterogeneity, and the highly immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioblastomas. The antitumor efficacy of endogenously activated effector cells induced by peptide or dendritic cell vaccines in particular has been insufficient to control tumors. Effector cells, such as T cells and natural killer (NK) cells can be expanded rapidly ex vivo and transferred to patients. The identification of neoantigens derived from tumor-specific mutations is expanding the list of tumor-specific antigens for glioblastoma. Moreover, recent advances in gene-editing technologies enable the effector cells to not only have multiple biological functionalities, such as cytokine production, multiple antigen recognition, and increased cell trafficking, but also relieve the immunosuppressive nature of the glioblastoma microenvironment by blocking immune inhibitory molecules, which together improve their cytotoxicity, persistence, and safety. Allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells edited to reduce graft-versus-host disease and allorejection, or induced pluripotent stem cell-derived NK cells expressing CARs that use NK-specific signaling domain can be a good candidate for off-the-shelf products of glioblastoma immunotherapy. We here discuss current progress and future directions for T cell and NK cell therapy in glioblastoma.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2024

Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) poses a significant threat to numerous cyprinid fish species, particularly the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), often resulting in substantial mortalities. This study explores the potential use of a chimeric recombinant snakehead rhabdovirus carrying the SVCV G gene (rSHRV-Gsvcv) as a live vaccine against SVCV infection. Through virulence testing in zebrafish at different temperatures (15 ℃ and 20 ℃), no mortality was observed in groups infected with either rSHRV-wild or chimeric rSHRV-Gsvcv at both temperatures, whereas 100% mortality occurred in fish infected with wild-type SVCV. Subsequently, as no mortality was observed by rSHRV-Gsvcv, three independent experiments were conducted to determine the possible usage of chimeric rSHRV-Gsvcv as a vaccine candidate against SVCV infection. Fish were immunized with either rSHRV-Gsvcv or rSHRV-wild, and their survival rates against the SVCV challenge were compared with a control group injected with buffer alone at four weeks post-immunization. The results showed that chimeric rSHRV-Gsvcv induced significantly higher fish survival rates compared to rSHRV-wild and the control groups. These findings suggest that genetically engineered chimeric rSHRV-Gsvcv holds the potential for a prophylactic measure to protect fish against SVCV infection.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to develope the transgenic cattle expressing hFSH into the urine using the nuclear transfer. To produce the interest gene in urine, the specific vector was ligated with hFSH gene undo. maUII promoter. The fetal fibroblast cells (KbFF) were isolated from a 45-day male fetus. The hFSH gene was co-transfected with pcDNA3 (neo) vector to KbFF cells by electroporation. The gene-transfected cells were cultured with G-418 selection medium for 2 weeks. Selected colonies were confirmed by PCR. For nuclear transfer, enucleated bovine oocytes were transferred with hFSH transfected or nontransfected fetal fibroblasts. The cleavage and blastocyst formation rates were significantly lower (p<0.05) in cloned embryos transfected with hFSH gene (68.7% and 15.7%) than in those non-transfected (67.6% and 24.5 %), respectively. Apoptosis analysis showed no difference between hFSH transfected and non-transfected blastocysts (p>0.05). The blastocysts were transfected to 77 (control 24, hFSH 53) recipient cows. Two calves were born (1.9%) following transfer with NT embryos transfected with hFSH gene, but they were confirmed not to be transgenic calves. This result shows that the hFSH colonies were mixed with transfected and non transfected cells. Further research will be needed for selection and establishment of gene transfected cells.