• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2002

Genetic polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) have been associated with hypertension in various ethnic groups, but no relation between these polymorphisms and hypertension has yet been systematically evaluated. To assess the relationship between allelic variation of RAS genes and hypertension, we performed the case-control studies using genetic markers in Korean normotensives and hypertensives. The allele and genotype frequencies of RAS genes in Korean population were not significantly different between normotensives and hypertensives. To investigate the distribution of allele frequencies among various populations, the data obtained in this study were compared to those in other ethnic groups studied previously. Except for T174M polymorphism of angiotensinogen (AGT) gene, allele frequencies of RAS genes were different among racial groups. The reason for these differences may be due to the difference in various genetic or environmental background or due to the effects by various sample size studied. In addition, it can be emphasized that carefully designed studies are required to minimize the ethnic heterogeneity of the case and control populations.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.332-340
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• 2019

Background: Studies of morphological variation within and among populations provide an opportunity to understand local adaptation and potential patterns of gene flow. To study the evolutionary divergence patterns of Schlegel's Japanese gecko (Gekko japonicus) across its distribution, we analyzed data for 15 morphological characters of 324 individuals across 11 populations (2 in China, 4 in Japan, and 5 in Korea). Results: Among-population morphological variation was smaller than within-population variation, which was primarily explained by variation in axilla-groin length, number of infralabials, number of scansors on toe IV, and head-related variables such as head height and width. The population discrimination power was 32.4% and in cluster analysis, populations from the three countries tended to intermix in two major groups. Conclusion: Our results indicate that morphological differentiation among the studied populations is scarce, suggesting short history for some populations after their establishment, frequent migration of individuals among the populations, and/or local morphological differentiation in similar urban habitats. Nevertheless, we detected interesting phenetic patterns that may predict consistent linkage of particular populations that are independent of national borders. Additional sampling across the range and inclusion of genetic data could give further clue for the historical relationship among Chinese, Japanese, and Korean populations of G. japonicus.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.117-131
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• 1999

Yangkyuksanhoa-tang is frequently used for cerebrovascular accident(CVA). The present study was performed to investigate the effect of Yangkyuksanhoa-tang on the peri vascular immunoreactive nerve fiber of the basilar artery after experimentally induced subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH). Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 350-400g were used. The SAH induced by injection of the fresh autologus heart blood(0.3-0.4ml) into the cisterna magna through the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane. Sample group was given a $3.3m{\ell}/kg/day$ of Yangkyuksanhoa-tang extracts for 2 days after SAH. The experimental animals divided into 48hrs after SAH. The changes of perivascular immunoreactive nerve fiber was examined by using indirect immunofluorescence method. The meshlike perivascular nerve fiber appeared in the basilar artery of normal rats. In basilar artery of SAH elicitated rat, the distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactivity(IR) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide(VIP)-IR of the perivascular nerve fiber were remarkably diminished, also dopamine beta hydroxylase(DBH)-IR, neuropeptide Y(NPY)-IR and serotonin-IR were diminished. In SAH elicitated rat with Yangkyuksanhoa-tang treatment, the CGRP-IR and VIP-IR degree were repaired as well as normal rat's, but DBH-IR, NPY-IR and serotonin-IR had no changes. These results provide the basic data to investigate the effect of Yangkyuksanhoa-tang on the vasospasm after SAH.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.375-382
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• 2010

In this study, we developed a method to predict the residual stress distribution and thermal deformation caused by in-mold labeling (IML) processes. IML is one of the injection molding processes for injecting a material into a cavity and subsequently inserting a decorated film. The IML process can yield products with decorations of outstanding excellent quality in only one working step. Although the IML process has various advantages, it causes defects such as film delamination, wash-out, and flow marks. In particular, deformation is considered to be a major concern in terms of delamination. To validate the model, the deformation predicted by using a numerical model was compared with experimental results, and both results showed good agreement. We verified that the developed method can be used to obtain the design guidelines for preventing delamination in the initial design stage of the IML process.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.493-498
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• 2003

In this study we have investigated the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of GX-12, a multiple plasmid DNA vaccine for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Plasmid DNA was rapidly degraded in blood with a half-life of 1.34 min and was no longer detectable at 90 min after intravenous injection in mice. After intramuscular injection, plasmid DNA concentration in the injection site rapidly declined to less than 1 ％ of the initial concentration by 90 min post-injection. However, sub-picogram levels (per mg tissue) were occasionally detected for several days after injection. The relative proportions of the individual plasm ids of GX-12 remained relatively constant at the injection site until 90 min post-injection. The concentration of plasmid DNA in tissues other than the injection site peaked at 90 min post-injection and decreased to undetectable levels at 8 h post-injection. The rapid in vivo degradation of GX-12 and absence of persistence in non-target tissues suggest that the risk of potential gene-related toxicities by GX-12 administration, such as expression in non-target tissues, insertional mutagenesis and germline transmission, is minimal.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.558-566
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• 2017

Regular monitoring on experimental animal management found the fluctuation of ART outcome, which showed a necessity to explore whether superovulation treatment is responsible for such unexpected outcome. This study was subsequently conducted to examine whether superovulation treatment can preserve ultrastructural integrity and developmental competence of oocytes following oocyte activation and embryo culture. A randomized study using mouse model was designed and in vitro development (experiment 1), ultrastructural morphology (experiment 2) and functional integrity of the oocytes (experiment 3) retrieved after PMSG/hCG injection (superovulation group) or not (natural ovulation; control group) were evaluated. In experiment 1, more oocytes were retrieved following superovulation than following natural ovulation, but natural ovulation yielded higher (p < 0.0563) maturation rate than superovulation. The capacity of mature oocytes to form pronucleus and to develop into blastocysts in vitro was similar. In experiment 2, a notable (p < 0.0186) increase in mitochondrial deformity, characterized by the formation of vacuolated mitochondria, was detected in the superovulation group. Multivesicular body formation was also increased, whereas early endosome formation was significantly decreased. No obvious changes in other microorganelles, however, were detected, which included the formation and distribution of mitochondria, cortical granules, microvilli, and smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum. In experiment 3, significant decreases in mitochondrial activity, ATP production and dextran uptake were detected in the superovulation group. In conclusion, superovulation treatment may change both maturational status and functional and ultrastuctural integrity of oocytes. Superovulation effect on preimplantation development can be discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.1011-1024
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• 2014

This study is to identify the relationship between unsaturated fatty acids, which are indicators of beef flavor, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic enzymes, which are associated with SNPs in the SCD, SREBPs, $PPAR{\gamma}$, FABP4, FASN and LPL in Hanwoo population. For analysis of fatty acid in Hanwoo, we used to Hanwoo steer(n=513). Also, following an analysis of the relationship raised from Gyeongbuk province region. FABP4; g.3977-325 T>C was selected and the distribution of beef grade of g.3977-325 T>C related in field trial was proved very excellent.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.217-234
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• 2009

In computer-based virtual lab, a bioscience researcher who wants to obtain bio information first uses a biodiversity-related database to retrieve information on species, ecology and distribution of an organism. The researcher also needs to access gene/protein databases such as GenBank or PDB to find information on the organism's genetic sequence and protein structure. Furthermore, the researcher should search for academic papers containing the information on the organism so that his research is based on comprehensive and accurate information. This series of activities often undermines research efficiency as it takes a lot of time and causes inconvenience on the part of researchers. To solve such inconvenience, we analyzed various methods for integrated search and chosen schema integration. In addition, we analyzed each databases and extracted metadata for designing schema integration. This paper introduces a biological information retrieval system(BIRS) using schema integration and it's interface that will increase research efficiency for bioscience.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.203-208
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• 2000

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a beta-herpesvirus with worldwide distribution, exhibits host persistence, a distinguishing characteristic of all herpesviruses. This persistence is dependent upon restricted gene expression in infected cells as well as the ability of productively infected cells to escape from normal cell-mediated anti-viral immunosurveillance. Type I (IFN-$\alpha$/$\beta$) and type II (IFN-γ) interferons are major components of the innate defense system against viral infection. They are potent inducers of MHC class I and II antigens and of antigen processing proteins. Additionally, IFNS mediate direct antiviral effects through induction effector molecules that block viral infection and replications such as 2', 5-oligoadenylate synthetase (2, 5-OAS). IFNS function through activation of well-defined signal transduction pathways that involve phosphorylation of constituent proteins and ultimate formation of active transcription factors. Recent studies have shown that a number of diverse viruses, including CMV, EBV, HPV mumps and Ebola, are capable of inhibiting IFN-mediated signal transduction through a variety of mechanisms. As an example, CMV infection inhibits the ability of infected cells Is transcribe HLA class I and II antigens as well as the antiviral effector molecules 2, 5-OAS and MxA I. EMSA studies have shown that IFN-$\alpha$ and IFN-γ are unable to induce complete signal transduction in the presence of CMV infection, phenomena that are associated with specific decreases in JAKl and p48. Viral inhibition of IFN signal transduction represents a new mechanistic paradigm for increased viral survival, a paradigm predicting widespread consequences in the case of signal transduction factors common to multiple cytokine pathways.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.451-461
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• 2004

In an animals, identification system has been widely used by ear tag with dummy code and blood typing for parernity. Also, genotyping methods were using for useful mean of individual identification for live animals. In the case of genotyping estimation of gene in population of korean native chicken. In this study, we tested for development of genetic markers used it possible to determination of individual identification system. The candidate genetic markers were used already bow 10 of microstalite DNA sequence information in chromosome No. 1 and 14. Result of analysis for genotyping, the number of alleles of those microstatelites DNA was shown minimal 3 to 12 and the heterozygote expression frequency range was shown from 0.617 to 0.862. In our result, effective number of allele for each microsatellites DNA was shown 3~7, and the accuracy of individual identification was shown nearly 100%, when used with 6 genetic marker. This study was about genotyping method for identification used specific genetic marker form microsatellite DNA in the brand marketing of korean native chicken. Our results suggest that genotyping method used specific genetic marker from microsatellite DNA might be very useful for determination of individual identification.