• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.266-275
• /
• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the factors influencing the experience of sexual violence victims while dating as College Students. Methods: With a correlational survey design, data was collected by self-report questionnaires from 560 college students who had reported sexual violence during a date. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: College students while on date who reported sexual violence showed a significantly negative correlation with self-esteem, dating sexual assault recognition, sexual assertiveness, and significantly positive correlations with the gender role stereotypes, sexual violence permissiveness, date sexual violence inflictions, and family violence. A combination of date sexual violence inflictions, self-esteem, sexual violence permissiveness, sexual assertiveness all accounted for 41% of the variance in date sexual violence among college students. Conclusion: Self-esteem and sexual assertiveness must be progressively uplifted in order to prevent date sexual violence. A specific program established to reduce sexual violence permissiveness would be useful in order to reduce the number of sexual violence victims for college students who are dating.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.59 no.1
• /
• pp.29-46
• /
• 2009

Aiming at finding symbolistic meanings and characteristics of makeup in Chinese Beijing Opera("BO"), this study formulated a theoretical framework mainly from literature in the Symbolism and symbolistically analyzed materials related to BO makeup from literature, internet web pages and illustrated news concerning performing arts. Main objects to analyze are the characteristics of four main roles in BO and the patterns, symbols, ornaments and traditions of Beijing Opera facial makeup("BOFM"). Four main roles are Sheng, Tan, Ching and Chou, categorized by gender, age, social position and personality. The result to analyze symbolistic meanings and characteristics of makeups for the roles in BO are as follows: the patterns and colors of BOFM function as explanations to help audiences understand each role's personality and dramatic situations as well as provide hints about the development and ending of an opera: that is, BO makeup is a communicative intermediary between audiences and actors in BO. It tends to follow the stereotypes, which conventionally dress and exaggerate the characters of roles, and copy the traditional Chinese perception about colors. Thus, by the metaphysical and typical expression of BOFM, Chinese people have not been pursuing the realism in opera but applying BO makeup to a mutual communication method between audiences and performing artists as to share their collective cultural heritages and spirits. Threfore, BO makeup has been an interacting language between the two entities and grown within the history of BO as a beauty art to highlight a BO by its unique systems, ornaments and beauty.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.373-381
• /
• 2023

The purpose of the study was to describe male nursing image and to identify factors influencing the image. We performed an integrative review for a total of 12 studies published between 2009 and 2019. We derived four themes of male nurses' self-image: 1) just a nurse, 2) job opportunity, 3) identity ambiguity, and 4) role limitation. The factors influencing male nurses' self-image were derived from three themes, specifically 1) nursing competency, 2) social gender stereotypes, and 3) absence of male nurse role models. We suggested the need to develop various strategies to enhance male nurses' self-image. Further studies should investigate the public image of male nurses to improve their social role and the perception of them.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.107-120
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze representations of fatherhood of childcare entertainment reality programs. For this purpose, two episodes of of MBC were analyzed by semiotic analytic methods, especially, signs, images, combined level of significations, etc. The results indicated that fathers of the programs reflected modern ideal images of feminist fatherhood in which fathers cooperated to care children with mothers, and played the role of intimate friend-daddies, daddies as friends. A post-modern male ideology was inherent in those fatherhood changes. Those fathers in this program intermittently exposed narratives of inexperienced fathers while dedicating themselves to cooperative childcare adequate to the purpose of the program, suggesting that it would reproduce the mother-childcare ideology as a result. Furthermore, although such reflected changes towards fatherhood enthusiastically involving in childcare represented the modern ideal fatherhood, it is still identified that gender stereotypes, gender-based discrimination and patriarchal male ideologies were inherent in the ways of their guiding children. In short, such trend of friend-daddies did not imply an revolutional change from male-centered patriarchal family structures to male-female cooperated family structures.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.21 no.11
• /
• pp.464-477
• /
• 2021

This study is about university students' perception of intergenerational communication and its affecting factors. Based on literatures on intergenerational communication, the effect of stereotype on intergenerational satisfaction was testified and the mediating role of intergroup anxiety and the moderating role of communication competence were also analysed. Results showed that the effect of stereotype was mediated by intergroup anxiety, and the paths were different depending on the gender and communication competence. In the case of the male student group and the group with high communication ability, stereotypes affected intergroup anxiety, but intergroup anxiety did not directly affect intergenerational communication satisfaction. On the other hand, in the case of the female student group and the group with low communication skills, intergroup anxiety had significant effect on communication satisfaction. Also, it was found that the content of stereotype had an important effect on intergenerational communication satisfaction.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.620-631
• /
• 2019

Be an important competitive appearance for both boys and girls in modern society, and highlight the importance of enhancing their appearance. Administrative activity is considered traditionally feminine behavior and appearance, almost all female is subject of a consumer market is continuing, and recognition, but since the 1990s.Gender role stereotypes and women's social activity due to changes in status and role of men and women affected. Accordingly, the men in the realm of women than it used to be a glass half full and inclusive attitude began to improve her appearance are also men, and well in yourself. Investing a lot of time and money to their appearance to describe behavior. Furthermore, workers men to appearance factor for the career achievement, such as promotion or salary competitiveness is gradually spreading awareness of social life on whose behalf the men. The halo effect for a positive image formation and desirable looks to be. A Study on the self-wor Second, the higher the self-esteem of psychologically stable social approval of the important aesthetic of clothing, is less dependent on increased manageability and clothing. The study by analysis of the self respect persimmon and appearance for his own body satisfaction and a high correlation study and OK. Interpersonal and that a significant impact on the formation.Be an important competitive appearance for both boys and girls in modern society, and highlight the importance of enhancing their appearance. Administrative activity is considered traditionally feminine behavior and appearance, almost all female is subject of a consumer market is continuing, and recognition, but since the 1990s.Gender role stereotypes and women's social activity due to changes in status and role of men and women affected. Accordingly, the men in the realm of women than it used to be a glass half full and inclusive attitude began to improve her appearance are also men, and well in yourself. Investing a lot of time and money to their appearance to describe behavior. Furthermore, workers men to appearance factor for the career achievement, such as promotion or salary competitiveness is gradually spreading awareness of social life on whose behalf the men. The halo effect for a positive image formation and desirable looks to be. A Study on the self-wor Second, the higher the self-esteem of psychologically stable social approval of the important aesthetic of clothing, is less dependent on increased manageability and clothing. The study by analysis of the self respect persimmon and appearance for his own body satisfaction and a high correlation study and OK. Interpersonal and that a significant impact on the formation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.10
• /
• pp.133-139
• /
• 2019

This study investigated the effect of gender stereotypes, majors subject satisfaction, and self-leadership in male nursing students. Data was collected from October 1, 2018 to December 10, 2018, enrolling male nursing university students attending four nursing departments located at G-province. Data were analyzed by frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, correlation analysis, and ANOVA, by applying the SPSS 22.0 program. Results of this study reveal the average gender stereotype of male nursing students to be $1.31{\pm}0.17$, average of major subject satisfaction $2.95{\pm}0.51$, and self-leadership $2.98{\pm}0.43$. Analyzing the characteristics of variables according to general characteristics revealed that major satisfaction scores are higher for students who think positively about school and major, have higher grades, and choose their major after considering their aptitude. Self-leadership was higher with age and school year, and among students who selected their major after considering future employment opportunities. This study aims to provide basic data for male nursing university students to help them to adapt well in the field of nursing.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.16-28
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine and share experiences of male nurses who have been rejected during their nursing practice by their patients. Methods: The participants were 12 male nurses who have worked in several hospitals. Data were collected through personalized in-depth interviews. Collected data were analyzed with the content analysis method. Results: The results can be categorized into three main themes. 1. Rejection based on gender stereotypes of nurses' roles. 2. Nurses' reactions when nursing was rejected 3. Reestablishing the role as a nurse. The results of this study showed that male nurses were struggling to maintain their own positions as professional nurses. They were refused by their patients and they experienced a lack of skill and knowledge in nursing practice. They were harmed physically and psychologically from being turned down, and sometimes they had serious conflicts with female nurses. Meanwhile, the male nurses tried to be faithful to their role as professional nurses. Conclusion: The results of this study show the following findings. 1. The male nurses' experiences where mostly ones of understanding and cooperation with patients' caregivers. 2. The need for public relations advertising and systematic support from the media. 3. The need for improving gender equality for nurses. 4. Strengthening male nursing students' endeavors for sound nursing professionalism.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.42 no.11
• /
• pp.137-150
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of clothing color and exposure on stereotype formation of female appearance. The subjects for the research survey were 418 male and female university students in Taejon, Korea. The measuring instruments were a self-administered questionnaire and six written scripts which described a woman wearing clothing manipulated by clothing color and exposure variables. The collected data were analyzed using content analysis, T-test, crosstabs analysis, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple range test. The results of this study were as follows. First, three dimensions (global image, appearance inference, and appearance evaluation) emerged from the subject responses. Clothing exposure had the greatest impact upon the stereotype formation of female appearance. The woman wearing exposed clothing was rated as 'sexy', 'confident', and 'glamorous' whereas the same woman wearing unexposed clothing was rated as 'slim', 'humdrum', 'ladylike', and 'neat'. Second, the gender of the subject played a role in forming stereotypes of women's appearance. The male subjects rated the woman wearing exposed clothing as 'sexy' and 'glamorous' whereas the 1em81e subjects rated the same woman as 'slim' and 'pretty'. Third, the male subjects evaluated the woman wearing expend clothing in much more negative terms than the female subjects did, indicating that men tended to use 'modesty' to evaluate the woman whereas women tended to use 'fashion trend' in addition to 'modesty' as the important criteria when assessing women dressed in exposed clothing. Fourth, the subjects judged the woman wearing exposed clothing to be an entertainer or prostitute in her early 20s. On the other hand, the subjects judged the woman wearing unexposed clothing to be either a university student or a professional business women in her mid 20s.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.17 no.10
• /
• pp.439-446
• /
• 2019

Feminism on the theme of gender equality is emerging as an important issue in the overall Korean culture. Feminism is not only a level of claiming or advocating women's rights, but an essential subject of gaze and thought, not a distorted, artificially portrayed image of women distorted or typified in a story created by men in the past It is a film that explores the problem of the individual's life in society fundamentally. Jun Koeun's movie' 'micro-habitat'(2018) 'expresses a feminist theme that shows a strong self - selection and transcendental thinking in male - oriented stereotypes and inequal social structure. The film, which focuses on the public insight into society and the enhancement of the ideal human being from the viewpoint that the public film should lead the educated enlightenment character that raises the broad insight into the world and lead the mature social culture, I think it will play a big role.