• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.6 s.72
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• pp.219-232
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the gender differences in conversational styles of students. This research based on Quantitative survey and qualitative observation. The quantitative data were collected by questionnaire from 708 respondents who were college students and resided in Sunchon. Statistical methods for the data analysis were frequencies, t-test. The cases of observation were 21. As a result, gender differences were founded in lots of conversational styles. Women showed more tendencies than men In communi-cations to listen, to make relationships, to take care of others, to express intimacy and to make private conversation. Men tended to dominate others, to show off capacities and to make public conversation. This gender differences in conversational styles were related to sex role and major studies. From this results it was proposed that education on gender differences in conversational styles should be developed for students to improve their communication skills and to adapt their changing sex role.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the perspectives of gender and role in the family for nurses' work-family balance. Method: Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 14 married nurses having children, who were selected through convenience sampling and purposive sampling from November 1, 2011 to January 20, 2012. The data were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. Results: The common themes resulted from data analysis included following traditional gender roles, giving up any expectation of spouse's role, coordinating the division of family roles, and refusing to stick to gender roles. The age of nurse, family background of husband, and social-economic contexts were essential to explain the couple dynamics. Conclusions: Nurses who received private family support were stably leading a work-family balance, yet unable to change the gender structure of spouse for the work-family balance. On the other hand, young nurses who were unable to get any support, had a tendency of cooperating with their spouses and adopting more negotiable and pragmatic approach to work-family balance.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.3
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• pp.107-120
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in the clothing image perception of elderly women according to the clothing types, the clothing colors, the perceiver's sex-role attitude, and gender. Result of factor analysis revealed that the dimensions of clothing image perception was classified into four categories: evaluation, youth, warmth, and activity. Perceiver's sex-role attitude and gender gave a significant influence on the perception of evaluation factor. Youth factor had an interaction effect on the clothing types, clothing colors, and sex-role attitudes. The persons with a conservative sex-role attitude perceived the clothing image of warm color suits as younger than the one of cold colors. The clothing image of a warm colored Hanbok (Korean traditional dress) was perceived milder than a cold one, but there were no difference in suits. Bright color suits make the wearer look younger, and cold color suits make the wearer look active. The clothing color had greater influences on the warmth and the evaluation factor than clothing types. Persons who have a conservative sex-role attitude perceived the differences according to clothing types and colors in a traditional way. It could be certified that perceiver's sex-role attitude was one of the variables influencing his/her perception in social interaction.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2003

This study investigated the relationships of care- and justice-oriented morality by gender and sex role identity among adolescents, and young and middle-aged adults. The subjects were 115 males and 125 females between 16 and 59 years of age. Instruments were the Ethic of Care Interview(ECI), the Korean Defining Issues Test(DIT), and the Korean Sex Role Inventory(KSRI). Age was found to be a significant factor in both care-and justice-oriented morality; that is, young and middle-aged adults demonstrated higher care-oriented morality than adolescents. While, adolescents and young adults demonstrated higher justice-oriented morality than middle-aged adults. Females exhibited higher levels of care- and justice-oriented morality. A significant interaction effect was found between gender and age for justice-oriented morality.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was to survey the university student's sex role identity type, sexual consciousness, sexual behaviors, and sexual impulse. Method: The subjects were 332 university students who were eligible and agreed to participate in this study. Data were collected from May 22 to June 9, 2007. Result: Difference of sex role identity type by gender was that the androgyny was the most prevalent. There was a difference in sex role identity type which was classified by gender. Boy students were high in undifferentiation, where as girl students were high in androgyny. In difference of sexual consciousness and sexual behaviors and sexual impulse by gender, it showed that boy students were higher girl students. Difference of sexual consciousness by sex role identity type was high in masculinity. Difference of sexual behaviors and sexual impulse by sex role identity type was high in undifferentiation. Conclusion: To improve positively the attitudes to sexuality of students who have had undifferentiation type, it need to provide various sexual education and sexual counselling.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.13-25
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• 2002

This is a study of care-oriented morality and justice-oriented morality among middle-aged adults. Thirty seven males and forty six females between the ages of 45 and 59 years old participated in this study Care-oriented morality was measured by the Ethic of Care Interview(ECI) while the justice-oriented morality was assessed using the Korean Defining Issues Test(DIT). Sex role identification was interpreted by using the Korean Sex Role Inventory(KSRI). In terms of care-oriented morality, the majority of the subjects were at level 2. The P(%) score of justice-oriented morality was found to be a little low. We found a significant difference between genders in terms of care-oriented morality, with females exhibiting a higher care-oriented morality. However, there was no significant difference in sex role identity types in terms of care-oriented morality. Nor did we find a significant interaction effect between gender and sex role identity. There was no gender difference in justice-oriented morality, but there was a significant difference among sex role identity types. Masculine males Possess the highest justice-oriented morality. A significant interaction effect was found to exist between sex role identity and gender.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.351-378
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• 2020

The purpose of the study was to identify the latent classes of meta-awareness of gender discrimination among Korean young adults using Latent Profile Analysis based on 'perceived ambivalence toward men among women', 'perceived ambivalent sexism among men', 'perceived gender(reverse-) discrimination in Korea'. After identifying the latent classes, the difference between gender role conflict, sense of distance from the opposite sex, and support for gender discrimination issues were explored among the classified groups. As a result, 3 latent classes among women and 2 latent classes among men were identified. Latent classes among women were named 'women with low sensitivity of sexism', 'women with high sensitivity of sexism' and 'women against sexism' and latent classes among men were named 'men with perception of gender equality', 'men with perception of reverse discrimination'. Types with higher levels of meta-awareness of gender discrimination were related with higher gender role conflict and higher sense of distance from the opposite sex. Among women, types with higher levels of meta-awareness of gender discrimination perceived higher levels of gender discrimination and showed more support for gender discrimination issues while among men, types with higher levels of meta-perception of gender discrimination only perceived higher levels of reverse discrimination. Based on the present findings, implications about the severe gender conflict among Korean young adults are further discussed in the article.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.226-233
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of appearance management behavior, appearance management motives and body image perception according to males' gender role identities. A set of questionnaire was administered to 398 male consumers. Data were analyzed by utilizing frequency, factor analysis, ANONA, and Crosstabs. The results showed that four groups of male consumers according to the gender role identity were androgyny, unclassified, femininity, and masculinity. The androgyny oriented group showed more active and various appearance management behavior. And they were more conscious of their own body image and rated themselves high in body image perception. The masculinity oriented group were satisfied with their bodies and showed positive attitudes on their body figures and hair care. The femininity oriented group showed positive attitudes on skin care and plastic surgery for social life.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.98-106
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the relationship between college students' acceptance of the rape myth and variables in gender-role attitude, which have been known to forecast the acceptance of the rape myth. Method: This study was a survey research. Data were collected from May 1, 2006 to February 31, 2007 with 240 undergraduate students. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and regression analysis with SPSSWIN 12.0 program were used for data analysis. Results: Men were more acceptable to the rape myth than women. Men were very likely to see the occurrence of rape incidents as the rapist being provoked by women, and this attitude made them misunderstand and perceive women as responsible for the occurrence of the incident. Women on the other deny their idea. As a result of analyzing the difference between males and females in attitudes related to gender-role, male students were shown to have a much more traditional and patriarchal attitude than female students. Conclusion: It was found that a hostile attitude toward women and the justification of violence to others act as the main factors in forecasting the acceptance of the rape myth.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.46-57
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to investigate the influence of male nurses' gender role conflict and job satisfaction on their organizational commitment. Methods: Data were collected through a mixed method design using structured questionnaires (N=162) and a sequential qualitative interviews (N=8) from 2nd October, 2012 to 7th February, 2013. Data analysis included t-test, ANOVA, regression with SPSS/WIN 19.0 program and a qualitative thematic analysis. Results: Factors affecting participants' organizational commitment were job satisfaction and marital status which accounted for 36.2% of the total variance. In particular, low job satisfaction was not correlated with low organizational commitment despite lower job satisfaction. Three main themes connoting meanings of ambivalence were extracted from the data: desiring for the better future in spite of the current difficulty, strengthening their masculinity in tandem with complementing femininity in the midst of gender role conflict, leading their organization at times, and enduring hard work with responsibility for raising their family as a head of household. Conclusion: The findings indicate that male nurses' adjustment to the organization is controlled by ambivalence. It is essential to understand sociocultural contexts of male nurses as a minority in nursing fields for further research.