• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to examine differences in experiences of violence and hospital violence attitude according to gender and gender-role identity of clinical nurses. Methods: The quota sampling method, was used to select the research subjects. They were divided into two groups male and female nurses who worked for three general hospitals or higher level-hospitals in Incheon and Gyeongbuk. The data of 219 subjects was used for final analysis. The IBM SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze the data t-test and ANOVA. Results: According to gender, the hospital violence experience of female nurses was oserved frequently when the verbal violence came from guardians, and when the physical threats came from others. For male nurses, the experiences of hospital violence was obserbed. According to gender, the hospital violence attitude revealed significant differences in female nurses that the negative attitude was higher (t=-4.69, p<.001). According to gender-role identity, the undifferentiated and femininity showed significant differences (F=4.86 p=.003). Conclusion: The differentiated strategies of coping measures and violence preventive education considering the gender and gender-role identity of clinical nurses would help formulate measures for the effective management of hospital violence.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.6 s.72
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• pp.219-232
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the gender differences in conversational styles of students. This research based on Quantitative survey and qualitative observation. The quantitative data were collected by questionnaire from 708 respondents who were college students and resided in Sunchon. Statistical methods for the data analysis were frequencies, t-test. The cases of observation were 21. As a result, gender differences were founded in lots of conversational styles. Women showed more tendencies than men In communi-cations to listen, to make relationships, to take care of others, to express intimacy and to make private conversation. Men tended to dominate others, to show off capacities and to make public conversation. This gender differences in conversational styles were related to sex role and major studies. From this results it was proposed that education on gender differences in conversational styles should be developed for students to improve their communication skills and to adapt their changing sex role.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.87-97
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• 2021

Purpose: The authors used a meta-analysis approach to investigate the effects of exercise on gender-specific triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in obese adolescents. Methods: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis study to confirm the effect of exercise intervention according to gender for obese adolescents. PICO were obese a adolescents, exercise intervention, comparative intervention (control and general group),TG and HDL-C. Results: The group of obese male adolescents showed a statistically significant decrease of 51.72 in TG (n=175, MD=-51.72; 95% CI -52.44 to -51.00).There was a statistically significant increase of 4.44 in HDL-C (n=175, MD=4.44; 95% CI 3.79 to 5.10) in the group of obese male adolescents. Conclusion: Triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were analyzed to determine the effect of exercise interventions in obese adolescents according to gender differences. The results of this study can be used as basic data for the design of future exercise intervention studies, subjects, exercise methods, and intervention periods.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.253-263
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• 2020

This study aims to analyze of existing concepts of female entrepreneurship, evaluation of women's entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan and development of recommendations for its development in the country. This paper begins by reviewing research on female entrepreneurship. In this research, authors proposed the methodological tools based on systematic approach using economic and statistic methods and 5Ms concept. Analysis algorithm consists of four stages: evaluation of women entrepreneurship scale and business directions, analysis of employment in women's enterprises and business environment in Kazakhstan. The main limitation of this study was the lack of some gender-related indicators on the development of entrepreneurship. Further, the obtained results showed strong and weak points of female entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan. According to the results, there has observed increase in contribution of women in social-economic development of the republic, women's entrepreneurial activity is increasing, and the number of enterprises headed by them is growing. However, the growth of female entrepreneurship occurs while maintaining their insignificance in terms of turnover and number of employees. There is a pronounced industry specificity of female entrepreneurship: the service sector. In accordance with this, there were identified priority areas and there were developed recommendations for the development of female entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.289-297
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to categorize and to understand the structure of subjectivity in the gender role identity of older female adults. The perception of gender role identity is subjective and varies according to the uniqueness of individual experiences and the value of social culture. Methods: Q-methodology, a technique for extracting subjective opinions was used. In 2010, forty participants completed the Q-sort activity, rating each statement relative to the others. The Q sample has two categories, representing masculinity and femininity, and each category has 20 statements, resulting in 40 adjectives. Results: Using the Q factor analysis, three classifications were identified: 'caring-affectionate type,', 'assertive-confident type,' and 'sensitive-affectionate type.' Despite the differences among the three types in this research, elderly females are likely to have the understanding and patience to comfort others and care for the children. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed new dimensional types of gender role identity and raise the issue of why we need to develop methods for the new dimensional types. Based on the results, further research is needed to compare the findings with those of older males or with women of different age groups.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.223-231
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• 2024

This study aims to determine whether gender moderates the impact of grit on academic achievement through learning engagement among Chinese high school students. Data were collected through an online survey targeting 345 high school students purposively sampled from a high school in Guangdong, China. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS PC+ Win ver. 25.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro ver. 4.2. The applied statistical methods were frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and moderated mediation effect analysis. The conclusion of the study is as follows. First, grit had a significant positive correlation with learning engagement and academic achievement but no significant correlation with gender. Learning engagement showed a positive correlation with gender and academic achievement. Second, gender moderated the effect of grit on academic achievement through learning engagement. In other words, the conditional indirect effect of grit on academic achievement through learning engagement was higher for men than for women. Based on these results, this study proposed ways to utilize grit and learning engagement differently according to gender to improve the academic achievement of high school students.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• no.36
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• pp.129-149
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• 2008

This study examined gender differences of gender-role stereotype among Korean youth. Specifically, the contribution of youth's individual traits and parental background factors were tested. Data came from Korea Youth Panel Survey 2005. Analysis methods were t-test and regression analysis. The major findings of this study are as follows. First, the boys exhibited higher scorers on gender-role stereotype than the girls. Second, both boys and girls acquired higher masculine gender-role stereotype than feminine. Third, self-esteem, age, and mother's education influenced significantly boys' masculine and feminine gender-role stereotype. And self-esteem, age, mother's education, father's education and family structure influenced significantly girls' masculine and feminine gender-role stereotype, but mother's work status and income level did not. The limitations and implications of the findings from this study were discussed with respect to further studies.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to survey periodontal status using oral health index in the elderly population and determine methods for improving oral health status. Methods: The date collected from 'The fifth korean national health and nutrition examination survey 2010' was analyzed in this study. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 19.0 for windows. We determined frequencies and percentage, calculating means, and standard deviations, and determining statistical significance using logistic regression analysis, multiple regression analysis. Results: General characteristics showed differences in oral health behaviors associated with gender, age, residence, education. General characteristics showed differences in periodontal status associated with gender, family type, gender, residence, education. Oral health behaviors showed differences in periodontal status associated with using oral health care products, dental treatment. Conclusion: In conclusion, in order to improve oral health of the elderly, the importance and needs of periodontal status should be emphasized. periodontal status related education for the elderly should be operated.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.717-729
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• 2015

This study explains the differences in household work sharing and perceptions of equitable and unequitable household work sharing in dual-earner households by gender. The study also examines the effects of household work sharing and perceptions of equitable and unequitable household work sharing in dual-earner households. The sample consisted of 270 males and 349 females in their twenties to fifties in dual-earner households. Data analysis methods included frequency analysis, t-test, and multiple regression analysis methods. First, there were significant differences in household work sharing by gender. Second, there were significant differences in perceptions of equitable and unequitable household work sharing between males and females. Third, there were significant differences in perceptions of equitable and unequitable household work sharing in dual-earner households. These results verify differences in perceptions of equitable and unequitable household work sharing by gender in dual-earner households and demonstrate differential effects of factors influencing perceptions of equitable and unequitable household work sharing in dual-earner households.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.558-573
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the main sources of dietary sodium and potassium intake in Koreans by gender, age and regions. Methods: We used the data from 2010-2012 KNHANES. A total of 20,387 subjects aged 8 years and older were included. Intakes were compared by gender, age (8-18, 19-49 and >50 years) and geographical regions in Korea. Dishes were classified into 28 dish groups based on cooking methods. Statistical analysis was performed by using the SAS 9.3 and SUDAAN 11.0.1 software. Results: The mean sodium intake of Koreans was $4866.5{\pm}35.9mg/day$, which was 2.4 times higher than the adequate intake (AI) of sodium for Koreans. We found that daily sodium intakes were significantly different by age, gender and regions. Men and aged over 50 years had significantly higher sodium intake than women and other age groups. The mean potassium intake in Koreans was $3002.2{\pm}19.4mg/day$ and daily potassium intakes were significantly different by age, gender and regions. Women and age 50 years and over had significantly higher potassium intakes than men and other age groups. The average Na/K ratio was $2.89{\pm}0.01$ and was highest in men and in the age group of 19-49 years. The major sources of dietary sodium were soup and stew, followed by Kimchi, noodles and dumpling, pickled vegetables and seasonings, which represented 63.1 % of total sodium intakes. Soup and stew or Kimchi were the primary sources of dietary sodium intake. The major sources of dietary potassium were cooked rice, followed by soup and stew, Kimchi, fruits and beverages. Conclusions: Sodium and potassium intakes and the major sources of those were significantly different by gender, age groups and regions. Therefore, different approaches based on gender, age and regions are needed to decrease sodium intake and increase potassium intake.