• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.7077-7084
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• 2015

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignancy among males in India. While tobacco and alcohol are main aetiological factors, human papilloma virus (HPV) presence has surprisingly increased in head and neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) in the past two decade but its frequency in OSCCS is still uncertain. We aim to explore the frequency of HPV and its major genotypes in North Indian patients and their association with clinicopathological and histopathological features and p16 expression pattern. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised 250 histologically proven cases of OSCC. HPV was detected by real time PCR in tumor biopsy specimens and confirmed by conventional PCR with PGMY09/PGMY11 primers. Genotyping for high-risk types 16/18 was conducted by type specific PCR. p16 expression was assessed by immunohistochemsitry. Results: HPV presence was confirmed in 23/250 (9.2%) OSCC cases, of which 30.4% had HPV 16 infection, 17.4%were positive for HPV 18 and 26.1% had co-infections. HPV presence was significantly associated with male gender (p=0.02) and habit of pan masala chewing (p=0.01). HPV positive cases also had a history of tobacco consumption in 91.3% cases. p16 over expression was observed in 39.1% of HPV positive cases but this was not significantly different from negative cases (p=0.54). Conclusions: The frequency of HPV in OSCC is low in North-India and majority of cases are associated with a tobacco habit. It appears that tobacco shows a confounding effect in HPV positive cases and use of p16 protein as a reliable marker to assess the potential etiological role of HPV in OSCC in our population is not suggested.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.639-647
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to help premedical students better adapt to college life by analyzing the relationship between their self-leadership, self-esteem, interpersonal competence, and college life adjustment. The subjects of this study were 131 premedical students in a C city. The results of this study were as follows: The mean score for self-leadership were 3.86(±0.61). For self-esteem and interpersonal competence, college life adjustment mean score were 3.86(±.61), and 3.44(±.48), 3.78(±.52), and with no gender difference(p>0.05). Significant positive correlation between college life adjustment, self-leadership, self-esteem, and interpersonal competence(p<0.05). Self-leadership indirectly effects it through the mediation of self-esteem and interpersonal competence, while self-esteem and interpersonal competence directly effects college life adjustment, self-esteem indirectly effects it through the mediation of interpersonal competence. This study provided information on the factors effect college life adjustment, and confirmed that self-esteem is an essential educational content. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the development and activation of educational programs to help college life adaptation.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2015

This paper aims to analyze how the Venture Business Tendency of North Korean refugees affects social adaptation and family health, and to provide proposals for policy making on the issue. For the purpose, we specifically suggest analysis of activation plan that 48 Venture Business North Korean managed Enterprise types, Entrepreneur type, Business type, Gender, Profit etc. As a result of analysis of actual proof, First, The Venture Business North Korean refugees managed need to consult to be technology business professionally because they features to be self-employment than expertise and knowledge basis type. Second, the rate of success of North Korean refugees is researched that female is higher than male. Third, to support Venture Business of North Korean refugees, they need one on one incubating support syspen why they are inexperienced in network, technical skills. Fourth, Venture Business Tendency of North Korean refugees affects social adaptation and family health. Since mid 1990's, North Korean refugees have come to South Korea through China or third countries due to collapsing economy of North Korea. In an effort to help those escaping from North Korea, the Seoul government provided them with a 3-month settlement program. But they have had experienced difficulties in communication, cultural assimilation, and confusion in their value system and identity. For the purpose, one-on-one interview was carried out on 45 North Korean refugees living in Seoul and neighboring cities, and the interviewed group was classified into three categories: single households, single-parent families and families with parents. The study findings demonstrated four policy alternatives to help improve quality of life of North Korean refugees and to help their successful settlemen.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.91-102
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study is to find out the possibility of application to herbal medicine's report form for adverse drug reaction (ADR) by reviewing and analyzing Asian countries's ADR report forms. Method : We investigated, compared, and analyzed ADR report forms (ADR-RF) of Asian countries's ADR institutions (ACAI), such as, Korea institute of drug safety & risk management and Dongguk university Ilsan oriental hospital (DUIOH) in Korea, national center for ADR monintoring (NCAM) in China, pharmaceuticals and medical devices agency (PMDA) in Japan, Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) in Taiwan, and drug office, department of health, the government of the Hong Kong special administrative region (GHKSAR) in Hong Kong. Results : ADR-RF for ACAI included common contents, such as, patients information (name(initial), gender, age, weight), adverse event (AE)'s report information (Recognition and report for AE occurrence, first or follow up report, Severe AE), the detailed information of AE (the title of AE, onset & closing date of AE symptoms, the progress & results detailed test of AE), the information of AE's medicine (the types of medicine, product name, ingredient name, suspected or combination drug, single dose & frequency, dosage form, administration route, dealing for AE-suspected medicine), and AE reporter's information (reporter's information, institution's information). Taiwan had ADR-RF and the department exclusively for herbal medicine (HM), but others (except DUIOH) had not only no ADR report form but also contents for HM. Conclusion : ADR-RF for HM have to include the common contents of ACAI at least, as well as HM information related to ADR, such as the title, composition and types of HM, history related to HM's ADR, and the contents of drug-induced liver injury and so on. In addition, the main department of government for HM's ADR will be needed.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.139-149
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity on the satisfaction with school lunches and school lunch leftovers of elementary school children in the Kyeonggi area. The study was carried out on 235 children(male : 111, female :124) in December of 2000. The results are summarized as follows. A Rohrer index was used to define obesity. The proportions of severe underweight, underweight, normal, overweight, and obese were 0.9%, 16.6%, 57.9%,17.0%, and 7.7% respectively. For the data analysis, the subjects were divided into 3 groups : an underweight group(Rohrer index 109 including severe underweight), a normal group(Rohrer index 110-140), and an obese group(Rohrer index 141 including overweight). With regard to the satisfaction with school lunches, the proportions of children who were satisfied, neutral, and unsatisfied were 27.2%, 59.6% and 13.2% respectively. The proportion of the satisfaction with school lunches was significantly higher in the male group than in the female group(p〈0.05), and the proportion of the dissatisfaction with school lunches was significantly increased with obesity index(p〈0.05). The largest proportion of children who were satisfied with school lunches answered they felt hungry(56.3%) and the food tasted good(42.2%). Children sho were not satisfied with school lunches answered that the food was not tasty(93.5%), they did not have ant appetite(9.7%), and others. The children not finishing school lunches(leftovers) occasionally or always were 47.7% of the subjects. The behavior of leaving lunch foods was not significantly related to the gender or the frequency of eating snacks, wile it was positively related with dissatisfaction with school lunches(p〈0.01), obesity index(p〈0.05), and the decreased frequency of eating meals per day(p〈0.01). The reasons of school lunch leftovers were food dislikes(67.9%), excess of quantity(39.3%), tastelessness(31.3%), poor appetite(13.4%), and other. The children eating meals twice, 3 times, and 4 times per day were 18.7%, 74.9%, and 6.4% of the subjects respectively. The proportions of the obese and the satisfaction with school lunches were not changed significantly according to the frequency of eating meals, while the proportion of children leaving school lunches was significantly higher in the group of eating meals twice per day than in the other groups(p〈0.01). The frequency of eating snacks was not related to the obesity index, the proportion of school lunch leftovers, or the frequency of eating meals, while the proportion of satisfaction with school lunches was significantly higher in the group of eating snacks 1-2 times per day than in the other groups(p〈0.01). In conclusion, it is necessary to have children enjoy school lunches with efforts to improve the food´s taste in the school food services and to reexamine the serving sizes for the children, in addition to the nutrition education for the children to eat a variety of foods.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.354-362
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• 2003

The aim of the present study was to establish validity for Dental Anxiety Scale in children by their drawings. Dental treatment was provied for 35 children in the ages of 4 to 8, using the quadrant approach. The children's anxiety arising during dental treatment was measured by Modified Sheskin's Criteria(Dental Anxiety Scale, DAS). After reliability analysis of Dental Anxiety Score, it was compared with Faces Pain Scale and was tested for their correlation. Thereafter the several factors having an effect on Dental Anxiety Scale were examined. A significant correlation(r=0.2610) was found between the two scales and Dental Anxiety Scale was high significantly in 4-6 score of Faces Pain Scale. The findings suggested that the Dental Anxiety Scale is a valid means of assessing child dental anxiety status in a clinical context and the Dental Anxiety Scale can be affected by 'Age', 'Gender' and 'Reaction in the past'.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 2006

Background : Quality of life(Qol) is a broad concept that incorporates all aspects of an individual's existence. There is many study about Qol of the patient with dermatic disease in the west, but in korea there is few study, particularly for oriental medical academic world. Objective : The purpose of this study is to Investigate the influence of dermatic disease, particularly acne on the Qol by using the korean version of skindex-29. Method : We measured the Qol of Kyungwon university student participating in Dongseo health examination by using the Korean version of Skindex-29. A total of 535 students were enrolled In this study. Results are reported as 3 scales scores (functions, emotions, and symptoms) and a composite score (average scale score). Result : 1) There were no statistically significant gender-related differences in Qol scores in patient group with acne. 2) There were no significant correlation between Age Duration and Qol socres in patient group with acne. 3) Acne group marked higher Qol scores than contact dermatitis and normal group (lower than Acne with atopic dermatitis group) within emotional scales. 4) Acne group marked higher Qol scores than scar, tinea cruris, and normal group (lower than Acne with atopic dermatitis group) within functional and total scales. 5) Acne group marked higher Qol scores than tinea cruris and normal group (lower than Atopic dermatitis group) within symptom scales. 6) In acne group that feel the necessity of medical treatment, group that be treated by occidental medical method marked lower Qol scores than group that don't be treated within functional, symptom, and total scales. 7) In acne group that don't be treated, group that feel the necessity of medical treatment marked higher Qol scores than group that don't feel within emotional, functional, and total scales. 8) Acne group that don't fee the necessity of medical treatment and be treated marked high scores than normal group within all scales. Conclusion : Acne is sometimes thought of as unimportant, but Acne significantly affects patient's Qol. Occidental medical treatment can help Acne patients to improve Qol. Even if someone who suffering from acne feel that he don't need to be treated, he had lower Qol than healthy controls. And we can expect that proper occidental medical treatment help him. But few study have discuss whether oriental medical method can improve Qol of acne patients. From now on we expect interesting study that measure effect of oriental medical therapy on Qol of Acne patients and compare with occidental medical therapy by using Qol mesure instrument.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.38
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• pp.3.1-3.9
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• 2016

Background: This study was performed to evaluate their 5-year survival rates and identify the factors affecting the prognosis of oral cancer patients who had undergone surgical treatment only. Methods: Among 130 patients who were diagnosed with malignant tumor of oral, maxillofacial, and surgical treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Chonnam National University Hospital within a period from January 2000 to December 2010, for 11 years, 84 patients were investigated who were followed up for more than 5 years after radical surgery; oral cancer is primary and received only surgical treatment. The survival rate according to gender, age, type and site of cancer, TNM stage, cervical lymph node metastasis and its stage, recurrence or metastasis, time of recurrence and metastasis, and differentiation were investigated and analyzed. Results: Overall, 5-year survival rate in patients who received only surgical treatment was 81.2 %, and disease-specific 5-year survival rate was 83.1 %. The disease-specific 5-year survival rate based on TNM stage, metastasis of cervical lymph node, N stage, and presence of recurrence/metastasis was a significant difference (p < 0.05). The disease-specific 5-year survival rate based on sex, age, type of tumor, primary site, and differentiation was not a significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that good survival rate can be obtained with surgical treatment only, and stage of oral cancer, cervical lymph node metastasis and stage, recurrence or metastasis, time of recurrence, and metastasis have a significant effect on survival rate in oral cancer patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.636-644
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• 2003

This study compared the perceptions of children and their mothers of the effects of school lunch programs on the children's dietary behaviors in elementary schools. Questionnaires were answered by 425 elementary school students and their 412 mothers in the Busan area. The results indicated: The school lunch program had positive effects on children's dietary behaviors such as understanding healthy meals, correcting unbalanced diets, snack intake, attitude toward the meal, table manners, and table hygiene. However, there were still some negative habits in the home related to snack time, reading books or watching television during mealtime, eating foods before seniors have started. The gender of the children and whether the mothers worked or not produced no significant differences (in most cases). Still mothers more positively perceived the effect of school lunch programs on their children's dietary behaviors than did the children themselves. Thus, the school lunch program had positive effects for a balanced diet and making good eating habits. And, therefore, teachers-as well as the dieticians- should actively regard the school lunch program as an educational activity which can produce positive effects for a balanced diet, and make every endeavor to strengthen their relationship with the home.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.694-708
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• 2011

In this study, we developed tasks including cognitive scaffolding for students to explain scientific phenomena using valid evidences in science classroom and sought to investigate how tasks influence the development of small group scientific argumentation. Heterogeneous small groups in gender and achievement were organized in one classroom and the tasks were applied to the class. Students were asked to write down their own ideas, share individual ideas, and then choose the most plausible opinion in a group. One group was chosen for investigating the effect of tasks on the development of small group argumentation through the analysis of discourse transcripts of the group in 10 lessons, students' semi-structured interview, field note, and students' pre- and post argument tests. The discrepant argument examples were included in the tasks for students to refute an argument presenting evidences. Moreover, comparing opinion within the group and persuading others were included in the tasks to prompt small group argumentation. As a result, students' post-argument test grades were increased than pre-test grades, and they argued involving evidences and reasoning. The high level of arguments has appeared with high ratio of advanced utterances and lengthening of reasoning chain as lessons went on. Students had elaborate claims involving valid evidences and reasoning by reflective and critical thinking while discussing about the tasks. In addition, tasks which could have various warrants based on the data led to students' spontaneous participation. Therefore, this study has significance in understanding the context of developing small group argumentation, providing information about teaching and learning context prompting students to construct arguments in science inquiry lessons in middle school.