• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.33-39
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• 2016

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of gender differences in DNA on consumer buying behavior both online and offline and other buying channels to find out effective sales promotion strategies of enterprises. Research design, data, and methodology - This study investigated the relation between chromosome and DNA, DNA and gene, and gene and human behavior of gender. The study shows generic characteristics have influence upon consumers' buying behavior and inclination, and examined the effects of genetic characteristics depending upon the difference of gender DNA upon consumers' buying behavior. Results - Precedent studies on genetics and ethology showed close relations between chromosome and DNA, DNA and gene, and gene and buying behavior of the gene. 'Hunting and protection', one of the genetic characteristics in men's DNA, had great influence upon the consumers' different buying behavior. Conclusion - Gender DNA difference in genetics and ethology disclosed fundamental reasons for the difference in buying behavior and inclination of men and women. It gives implications that marketing strategies of advertising and sales promotion should be made in different ways depending upon men and women.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.217-224
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• 2007

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among gender, information-seeking styles, and high risk behavior in Korean adults. Methods: A survey utilizing a structured questionnaire was used to examine the relationships of the study variables. Eight hundred fifty six adults were recruited and this group consisted of 403 females and 453 males. Information seeking style and high risk behavior were measured by Miller Behavioral Style Scale revised by Zurren and Wolfs, and High Risk Behaviors checklist developed by Lee, respectively. Results: Differences between gender were significant in information-seeking styles and high risk behavior. Monitoring and blunting scores were both higher in female than male, and high risk behavior was higher in males than females. The blunting style was positively related to high-risk behavior and the monitoring style was negatively related to high risk behavior. Conclusion: To intervene with high risk behavior effectively, individual differences such as gender and information seeking style should be considered. In addition, the research about well-designed health information support is needed in the future.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.126-134
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was to explore gender differences on presenting patients with acute myocardial infarction in the emergency department. Methods: The survey was done with 143 emergency medical charts presented to the emergency department and diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction between January 2005 and December 2006. The collected data were analyzed with frequency, chi-square, and t-test. Results: Significant gender differences were apparent in age, route to the emergency department, elapsed time from onset of symptoms to arrival, and initial heart rate. Women were significantly more likely to report hypertension, diabetes, and congestive heart failure than men, but men were significantly more likely to report smoking. Chest pain was the most common initial symptom in both men and women. Women were significantly more likely to report dyspnea and nausea/vomiting than men. Conclusion: Although similarities exist in the associated symptoms of acute myocardial infarction, women might experience different symptoms, compared to men. These findings have implication that patients and health care providers should consider gender difference in presenting symptoms.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.80-87
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• 2018

This study aims to find gender differences in inpatients' privacy and stress concerns in multi-bed hospital room. In the literature review, we consider the characteristics of multi-bed hospital room and patients' privacy as a psychological environment factor. In the survey research, the questionnaires were used to understand the inpatients' general characteristics and privacy requirements. A total of 109 copies were analyzed through a cross-tabulations and T-test using the SPSS 18.0. Results and conclusions are as follows: (1) In the case of multi-bed room patients, there were some gender differences in privacy and stress, but the differences were limited. (2) There is a difference in the patient 's preference of the hospital room according to gender, and this is related to the privacy characteristic. (3) The social communication and strolling are commonly effective stress relief methods for both men and women, so space is needed to do this methods. The meaning of this study is to specify the privacy and stress of the inpatients in multi-bed patients' room.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.21-41
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• 2018

This study determined the characteristics of meal-related time use among employees living in one-person and multi-person households by conducting a comparison focused on gender and age differences. Among the questionnaires distributed to employees during the 2014 Korean Time Use Survey, 19,692 were used for final analysis. The results were as follows: First, the one-person households had shorter meal-related time use than did the multi-person households, except for the time spent having snacks and beverages. Second, meal-related time use was generally longer in non-working days than in workdays. Third, gender differences in meal-related time use were observed, with the more significant ones being the differences in time devoted to meal preparation and dishwashing. Fourth, in both the one-person and multi-person households, women spent a longer amount of time preparing meals and washing dishes than did men, but this difference was greater in multi-person households. Fifth, old individuals spend a longer time preparing meals and washing dishes than did young individuals. Policies must be enforced to improve the quality of diets in one-person households. Such households should also be provided nutrition education to increase their awareness of the importance of healthy and regular meals. Another essential requirement of policy is the provision of gender equality education for both the one-person and multi-person households.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.119-132
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• 2013

This study aims to understand potential gender differences in the association between job characteristics and job satisfaction among older workers. The data are from 506 males and 202 females older than 55 from the first wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing(KLoSA). Analyses focused on examining gender differences in the influences of subjective evaluation of work characteristics measured with education and skill fits of the work, work demands, customary early retirement, as well as more objective job conditions assessed with insurances by the employer, work hours, and salary on job satisfaction. Regression analyses revealed that female workers showed higher job satisfaction while job characteristics worked differently between genders to affect job satisfaction. For males, fitting the job with education and job demands were determining factors of job satisfaction, while the job with skills and work hours appeared to be significant factors for females. Results suggest that opportunities to utilize older workers' human capital and flexible working hours, especially for females workers would be helpful in promoting older adults' employment and satisfaction about their work.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.446-456
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for nursing programs in order to reduce depression among middle aged adults by looking at gender differences. Method: A comparative descriptive design was used. Subjects were 315 adults from February. 15 to March. 2, 2005, using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using $\chi^{2}$-test, Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression. Results: $\chi^{2}$-test revealed significant gender differences in socio-demographic variables for career, drinking, smoking, and satisfaction with the spouse. The factors that influenced depression for men were stress, fatigue, job satisfaction and self-efficacy. For women, those factors were stress, family support, coping skills, and well-being. Conclusions: The results show that gender differences existed in terms of depressions, in terms of factors influencing depression. As a result, when middle aged adults are provided nursing programs, gender differences should be considered. To decrease the depression of men, nursing interventions are needed to decrease their stress and fatigue, and to improve their job satisfaction and self- efficacy. To decrease the depression of women, it is also needed to decrease their stress, to elevate their family support and coping skills, and to support them so that their well-being is perceived good.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.53-66
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• 2004

Purpose: To compare differences in BMI, body weight perception and satisfaction, and eating behavior by gender among middle school students. Methods: From 19 middle schools in W city four classes in two middle schools were selected by cluster sampling with multi-stage sampling. A structured questionnaire was answered by 143 adolescents. Results: Differences in BMI between boys and girls were significant (x$^2$=13.15, p=.00l). Boys reported higher ideal body weight than girls (t=6.33, p<.000l), and discrepancy between ideal body weight and body weight perception in girls was significantly greater than in boys(t=-5.0l, p<.0001). There was no significant gender difference in body weight perception but more boys were satisfied with their body weight(t=-4.48, p<.0001). Comparison of eating behavior showed that girls reported high scores in disinhibition (t=-2.29, p<.05) and hunger (t=-2.81, p<.01), while boys reported higher scores in cognitive restraints (t=3.22, p<.01). Conclusion: Interventions to help girls improve body image and satisfaction with body image are crucial. In order to establish proper diet habits and balanced nutritional status for adolescents, educational interventions should address characteristics of eating behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.511-522
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• 2010

This study investigated the differences in college students' attitudes towards, and knowledge of contraceptives. Gender, age group and place of residence were examined to identify variables related to contraceptive use. A total of 388 responses were obtained from college students. The results are as follows: Firstly, significant differences were found in degree of contraceptive knowledge between genders, age groups, and residence types. There was also a significant interaction effect between gender and age. Secondly, there were significant differences of attitudes towards contraception in gender and age and there was also significant interaction effect between residence type and age. Thirdly, college students' contraceptive use could be successfully predicted by gender and attitude towards contraception. Male students who had positive attitudes towards contraception were more likely to use contraceptives. This suggests attitudes towards contraception should be considered when developing contraceptive programs.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic information needed for an effective program of nutrition education and the establishment of desirable dietary attitudes in elementary school children. The study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire, and the participants were 281 elementary school children. The data were analyzed in terms of the participants' gender and level of nutritional knowledge, and group differences were assessed using chi-square and Duncan's multiple range tests. The results were as following: Male and female students did not differ in nutritional knowledge. In terms of health-related life style, there were significant differences according to gender and nutrition knowledge. In terms of dietary habits, there were significant differences in the regularity of meal times according to gender and nutrition knowledge. With regard to food preferences, there was a significant gender difference in taste preferences with the male students preferring a salty taste more than the female students.