• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1296-1302
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• 2016

A hardware implementation of ultra-lightweight block cipher algorithm PRESENT that was specified as a block cipher standard for lightweight cryptography ISO/IEC 29192-2 is described in this paper. Two types of crypto-core that support master key size of 80-bit are designed, one is for encryption-only function, and the other is for encryption and decryption functions. The designed PR80 crypto-cores implement the basic cipher mode of operation ECB (electronic code book), and it can process consecutive blocks of plaintext/ciphertext without reloading master key. The PR80 crypto-cores were designed in soft IP with Verilog HDL, and they were verified using Virtex5 FPGA device. The synthesis results using $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS cell library show that the encryption-only core has 2,990 GE and the encryption/decryption core has 3,687 GE, so they are very suitable for IoT security applications requiring small gate count. The estimated maximum clock frequency is 500 MHz for the encryption-only core and 444 MHz for the encryption/decryption core.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.84-91
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• 2017

This study was performed using Somatom Definition Flash (Siemens, Enlarge, Germany) and GE 64-MDCT (Discovery 750 HD, GE HEALTHCARE, Milwaukee, USA.) using high-density medical materials that (are indispensable to?) computed tomography. We analyzed quantitatively the rate of change of the CT number of the CT reconstruction images by means of the IMAR and MAR algorithms using the phantom images acquired after scanning and previously captured raw data images. As a result, it was shown that the IMAR and MAR algorithms provided if ferent phantom images in the case of all medical high-density materials (p <0.05). The black streak artifacts were analyzed using the MAR and IMAR algorithms to determine if they corresponded to stainless steel materials (p>0.05). Also, it was found that the application of the IMAR algorithm affects the attenuation deviation, because there is a change in the image CT number compared to that before. The results suggest that, in the future, after the implant procedure, it would be useful to observe the surgical site and surrounding tissues during follow-up CT scans.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8553-8557
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• 2016

Background: Accurate dose assessment and correct identification of irradiated from non-irradiated people are goals of biological dosimetry in radiation accidents. Objectives: Changes in the FDXR and the RAD51 gene expression (GE) levels were here analyzed in response to total body exposure (TBE) to a 6 MV x-ray beam in rats. We determined the accuracy for absolute quantification of GE to predict the dose at 24 hours. Materials and Methods: For this in vivo experimental study, using simple randomized sampling, peripheral blood samples were collected from a total of 20 Wistar rats at 24 hours following exposure of total body to 6 MV X-ray beam energy with doses (0.2, 0.5, 2 and 4 Gy) for TBE in Linac Varian 2100C/D (Varian, USA) in Golestan Hospital, in Ahvaz, Iran. Also, 9 rats was irradiated with a 6MV X-ray beam at doses of 1, 2, 3 Gy in 6MV energy as a validation group. A sham group was also included. After RNA extraction and DNA synthesis, GE changes were measured by the QRT-PCR technique and an absolute quantification strategy by taqman methodology in peripheral blood from rats. ROC analysis was used to distinguish irradiated from non-irradiated samples (qualitative dose assessment) at a dose of 2 Gy. Results: The best fits for mean of responses were polynomial equations with a R2 of 0.98 and 0.90 (for FDXR and RAD51 dose response curves, respectively). Dose response of the FDXR gene produced a better mean dose estimation of irradiated "validation" samples compared to the RAD51 gene at doses of 1, 2 and 3 Gy. FDXR gene expression separated the irradiated rats from controls with a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 87.5%, 83.5% and 81.3%, respectively, 24 hours after dose of 2 Gy. These values were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the 75%, 75% and 75%, respectively, obtained using gene expression of RAD51 analysis at a dose of 2 Gy. Conclusions: Collectively, these data suggest that absolute quantification by gel purified quantitative RT-PCR can be used to measure the mRNA copies for GE biodosimetry studies at comparable accuracy to similar methods. In the case of TBE with 6MV energy, FDXR gene expression analysis is more precise than that with RAD51 for quantitative and qualitative dose assessment.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.32-34
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• 1974

The important results which have been obtained in the investigation can be recapitulated as follows. 1. As demonstrated by the experimental results and analyses concerning their effects in the on-ground type mushroom house, the constructions in relation to the side wall and ceiling of the experimental house showed a sufficient heat insulation on effect to protect insides of the house from outside climatic conditions. 2. As the effect on the solar type experimental mushroom house which was constructed in a half basement has been shown by the experimental results and analyses, it has been proved to be effective for making use of solar heat. However there were found two problems to be improved for putting solar house to practical use in the farm mushroom growing: (1) the construction of the roof and ceiling should be the same as for the on ground type house, and (2) the solar heat generating system should be reconstructed properly. 3. Among several ventilation systems which have been studied in the experiments, the underground earthen pipe and ceiling ventilation, and vertical side wall and ceiling ventilation systems have been proved to be most effective for natural ventilation. 4. The experimental results have shown that ventilation systems such as the vertical side wall and underground ventilation systems are suitable to put to practical use as natural ventilation systems for farm mushroom house. These ventilation systems can remarkably improve the temperature of fresh air which is introduced into the house by heat transfers within the ventilation passages, so as to approach to the desired temperature of the house without any cooling or heating operation. For example, if it is assuming that X is the outside temperature and Y is the amount of temperature adjustment made by the influence of the ventilation system, the relationships that exist between X and Y can be expressed by the following regression lines. Underground iron pipe ventilation system. Y=0.9X-12.8 Underground earthen pipe ventilation system. Y=0.96X-15.11 Vertical side wall ventilation system. Y=0.94X-17.57 5. The experimental results have 8hown that the relationships existing between the admitted and expelled air and the $CO_2$ concentration can be described with experimental regression lines or an exponent equation as follows: 5.1 If it is assumed that X is an air speed cm/sec. and Y is an expelled air speed in cm/sec. in a natural ventilation system, since the Y is a function of the X, the relationships that exist between X and Y can be expressed by the regression lines shown below: 5.2 If it IS assumed that X is an admitted volume of air in $m^3$/hr. and Y is an expelled volume of air in $m^3$/hr. in a natural ventilation system, since the Y is a function of the X, the relationships that exist between X and Y can be expressed by the regression lines shown below. 5.3 If it is assumed that expelled air speed in emisec. and replacement air speed in cm/sec. at the bed surface in a natural ventilation system are shown as X and Y. respectively, since the Y is a function of the X. the relationships that exist between X and Y can be expressed by the following regression line: GE(100%)-CV (50%) ventilation system. Y=-0.54X+0.84 5.4 If it is assumed that the replacement air speed in cm/sec. at the bed surface is shown as X, and $CO_2$ concentration which is expressed by multiplying 1000 times the actual value of $CO_2$ % is shown as Y, in a natural ventilation system, since the Y is a function of the X, the relationships that exist between X and Y can be expressed by the following regression line: GE(100%)-CV(50%) ventilation system. Y=114.53-6.42X 5.5 If it is assumed that the expelled volume of air is shown as X and the $CO_2$ concencration which is expressed by multiplying 1000 times the actual of $CO_2$% is shown as Y in a natural ventilation system, since the Y is a function of the X, the relationships that exist between X and Y can be expressed by the following exponent equation: GE(100%)-CV(50%) ventilation system. Y=$127.18{\times}1.0093^{-x}$ 5.6 The experimental results have shown that the ratios of the cross sectional area of the GE and CV vent to the total cubic capacity of the house, required for providing an adequate amount of air in a natural ventilation system, can be estimated as follows: GE(admitting vent of the underground ventilation) 0.3-0.5% (controllable) CV(expelling vent of the ceiling ventilation) 0.8-1.0% (controllable) 6. Among several heating devices which were studied in the experiments, the hot-water boilor which wasmodified to be fitted both as hot-water boiler and as a pressureless steam-water was found most suitable for farm mushroom growing.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2017

$^{18}F-THK-5351$ is a PET radiotracer to image the hyperphosphorylated tau fibrillar aggregates in human brain. This protocol describes the optimized radiosynthesis of $^{18}F-THK-5351$ using a commercial GE $TRACERlab^{TM}$ $FX_{FN}$ radiosynthesis module. $^{18}F-THK-5351$ was prepared by nucleophilic [$^{18}F$]fluorination from its protected tosylate precursors, (S)-(2-(2-methylaminopyrid-5-yl)-6-[[2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)-3-tosyloxy]propoxy] quinolone(THK-5352), at $110^{\circ}C$ for 10 min in dimethyl sulfoxide, followed by deprotection with 1 N HCl. The average radiochemical yield of $^{18}F-THK-5351$ was $31.9{\pm}6.7%$(decay-corrected, n = 10), with molar activity of $198.1{\pm}33.9GBq/{\mu}mol$($5.4{\pm}0.9Ci/{\mu}mol$, n = 10). The radiochemical purity was determined to be above 98%. The overall production time including HPLC purification is approximately 70 min. This fully-automated protocol is validated for clinical use.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.18-23
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• 1975

The dc conductivity, ac conductivity and switching effect of As.Te-Si.Ge have beon investigated. The dc conductivity ranged from $3{\times}10^{-7}{\Omega}^{-1}cm^{-1}$ to $1.5{\times}10^{-8}{\Omega}^{-1}cm^{-1}$ at room temperature and was found to be expressed by ${\sigma}$ = ${\sigma}_0$exp(-${\Delta}$E/kT) below the phase transition temperature Tg. The ac conductivity was much higher than dc conductivity and this result is consistent to experimental formula ${\sigma}$(w)=${\sigma}_0+Aw^n$. In the temperature range of 298$^{\circ}K$ ~ $473^{\circ}K$ the ac conductivity was independent of temperature at 200KHs. At lower frequencies the ac conductivity increased strong1y with temperature. Also, it has been found that all samples showed a threshold switching, but not a memory switching.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.493-496
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• 2005

비정질 실리콘 (a-Si)의 수소화를 통해 활성화 수소가 비정질 실리콘내의 댕글링본드 (dangling bond) 와 결합 하므로 에너지밴드의 국재준위(localized state)를 감소시켜 불순물 도핑이 가능하게 되므로 a-Si 이 전자소자로서 이용 가능하게 되었다. 이에 착안하여 본 연구에서는 경사($0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $80^{\circ}$) 증착을 통해 비정질 칼코게나이드($a-As_{40}Ge_{10}Se_{15}S_{35}$) 박막을 제작하고 그 박막을 수소화처리 (15~20atm at $150\sim190^{\circ}C$)하여 처리 전 후의 surface morphology 변화 및 광학적 특성 변화를 고찰하였다. $a-As_{40}Ge_{10}Se_{15}S_{35}$ 박막의 SEM 측정을 통해 $40^{\circ}$와 $80^{\circ}$ 경사 증착된 $a-As_{40}Ge_{10}Se_{15}S_{35}$ 박막에서 각각 18.8nm 와 160nm의 transition layer와 박막의 기둥(columnar)구조가 형성됨을 관찰하였다. 특히, $80^{\circ}$ 증착박막의 경우 수소처리전 columnar구조는 약 $65\sim70^{\circ}$의 기둥 각을 가지고 형성되었고 수소화 처리를 통해 기둥구조가 붕괴 되었다. $70^{\circ}$ 경사 증착된 $a-As_{40}Ge_{10}Se_{15}S_{35}$ 박막은 $0^{\circ}$에 따른 박막 보다 흡수단 부근에서 약 20%의 투과도 증가와 광 에너지 갭 ($E_{op}$)의 증가를 관찰 할 수 있었다. $80^{\circ}$경사 증착된 수소처리 박막에서 흡수단 부근의 투과도가 약 10%증가 되었고, 광 에너지 갭은 약 0.07eV 증가 하였고, PL intensity는 흡수단 부근에서 증가한 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이러한 변화들은 경사 증착된 $a-As_{40}Ge_{10}Se_{15}S_{35}$ 박막 내의 상대적으로 원자 밀도가 큰 기둥(columnar)구조가 생성되고, 이 원자 밀도가 높은 기둥구조의 댕글링본드와 주입된 수소가 흡착하여 에너지대의 국재준위를 감소시키기 때문으로 판단된다.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.81-81
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• 2008

A 69-year old male with cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) was assigned to our department for whole body PET/CT scan. $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT images showed an intense hypermetabolic lobulating mass(SUVmax = 8.7 / size : 11.4 mm) in the right hepatic lobe with multiple metastatic lung nodules. We made three dimensional volume rendering fusion images by using advantage workstation 4.3 (GE health care) which provide quick anatomic overview and improve the planning process significantly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1998.05b
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• pp.741-745
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• 1998

양전자방출단층촬영 영상획득시 수반되는 산란분획의 분포를 Monte-Carlo simulation을 이용하며 평가하고자 하였다. 모사계산에서는 GE Advance PET 스캐너와 NEMA 규정에 의한 팬텀을 모델화하였고 선상선원을 대상으로 평균 산란분획 10.2%와 산란방사선의 축방향 분포를 구하였다. 방사선원 F-18을 사용한 실제 측정의 평균산란 분획 9.16%와 산란방사선 분포를 비교하여 유사한 결과를 얻었다.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.355-363
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• 2006

This paper presents a low-cost RF parameter estimation technique using a new RF built-in self-test (BIST) circuit and efficient DC measurement for 4.5 to 5.5 GHz low noise amplifiers (LNAs). The BIST circuit measures gain, noise figure, input impedance, and input return loss for an LNA. The BIST circuit is designed using $0.18\;{\mu}m$ SiGe technology. The test technique utilizes input impedance matching and output DC voltage measurements. The technique is simple and inexpensive.