• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.3665-3670
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• 2012

Metal-p-$NH_2$-Bn-DOTA (paraammionobenzyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid: ABDOTA) complex was synthesized and purified for bio-tagging to quantify biological target materials using laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS. Since the preparation of a pure and stable tagging complex is the key procedure for quantification, magnetic particles were used to purify the synthesized metal-ABDOTA complex. The magnetic particles immobilized with the complex attracted to a permanent magnet, resulting in fast separation from free un-reacted metal ions in solution. Gd ions formed the metal-complex with a higher yield of 64.3% (${\pm}3.9%$ relative standard deviation (RSD)) than Y ions, 52.3% (${\pm}2.5%$ RSD), in the pH range 4-7. The complex bound to the magnetic particles was released by treatment with a strong base, of which the recovery was 81.7%. As a reference, a solid phase extraction (SPE) column packed with Chelex-100 resin was employed for separation under similar conditions and produced comparable results. The tagging technique complemented polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microarray chip sampling in LA-ICP-MS, allowing determination of small sample volumes at high throughputs. For application, immunoglobulin G (IgG) was immobilized on the pillars of PDMS microarray chips and then tagged with the prepared Gd complex. IgG could then be determined through measurement of Gd by LA-ICP-MS. A detection limit of 1.61 ng/mL (${\pm}0.75%$ RSD) for Gd was obtained.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.3654-3658
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• 2013

The synthesis of a DO3A conjugate of [(p-aniline benzothiazole)methyl]pyridine ($L^2H_3$) and its gadolinium complex of the type [$Gd(L^2)(H_2O)$] ($GdL^2$) is described. The $R_1$ relaxivity ($=4.50mM^{-1}sec^{-1}$) and kinetic inertness of $GdL^2$ compares well with those of structurally analogous Dotarem$^{(R)}$ ($R_1=3.70mM^{-1}sec^{-1}$), a typical extracellular (ECF) MRI contrast agent (CA). Yet, by comparison with Dotarem$^{(R)}$, $GdL^2$ exhibits non-covalent interactions with human serum albumin (HSA) as evidenced by the ${\varepsilon}^*$ titration curve along with in vivo MR signal enhancement in both aorta and heart. Liver-specific nature of $GdL^2$ is also observed as excretion is made through gallbladder. Most notably, $GdL^2$ further demonstrates specificity toward the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.887-894
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• 2000

In this paper, we have studied the effect of earth (Gd, Er) on the various properties (microstructure, shrinkage, initial permeability, permeability as a function of frequency, etc) of Ba-ferrite. The permeabilities were analyzed by Impedance Analyzer(100KHz~40MHz) and Network Analyzer(30KHz~3㎓). As the result of XRD, all of the Ba-ferrite doped with rat earth was found to be Y-hexagonal phase. The resonance frequencies at the maximum imaginary value of complex permeability were observed near 2㎓. The complex permeabilities of the Ba-ferrite doped with Gd$_2$O$_3$at 3wt% and doped with Er$_2$O$_3$at 3wt% and 5wt% as a function of frequency showed the highest value at sintered temperature at 95$0^{\circ}C$/3h.

• Journal of Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2009

GD68 is newly developed herb complex prescription. The constituent herbs of GD68 were Massa Medicata Fermentata, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, Poria, Zingiberis Siccatum Rhizoma, Crataegi Fructus, Saccarum Granorum, Agastachis Herba, Taraxaci Herba, Perillae Herba, Scutellariae Radix, Astragali Radix, Ginseng Radix, Houttuyniae Herba and Halloysitum Rubrum. The aim of this study was to examine feed value of GD68 in duck. The weight gain of ducks fed with supplemental GD68 high compared to those of the control. The feed intake and mortality of ducks fed with supplemental GD68 low compared to those of the control. The moisture, crude lipid and calorie content of the ducks fed GD68 were decreased, but the crude protein content of the ducks fed GD68 was increased. And we investigated the effect of GD68 on the production of cytokines in human T-cell line, MOLT-4 cells. GD68 plus concanavalin A (Con A) increased the interferon-$\gamma$ and interleukin-2 production compared with Con A alone. These results indicate that the supplemental GD68 may improve the production, meat quality and immunity of ducks.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2021

Objectives The purpose of this study is to provide data for development of the korean medicine (KM) clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for growth disorder (GD) by identifying the awareness and knowledge needs of KM doctors (KMD) through online survey. Methods Survey questionnaire was produced by referring to the previous recognition survey studies for clinical KMDs. The survey questionnaire was composed 18 questions regarding the current status of clinical care for GD, clinician's knowledge level about GD, and other details that clinicians use during practice. The survey was conducted from January 2021 to March 2021. An online survey was conducted on 101 KMDs from the association of pediatrics of KM. Results According to the survey, 96 respondents (40.3%) said the causation of GD without growth hormone deficiency needs to be included in CPG. 96 (23.5%) of the respondents wishes to utilize percentile in diagnosis and evaluation of the growth assessment. 24.7% of the clinicians were using the herbal medicine treatment. Currently, when treating with KM for GD, herbal medicine (100%) is the most widely used, followed by acupuncture (77.6%), and moxibustion (36.7%). In terms of a complex treatment, growth therapy efficacy (26.8%) is shown to be the most important factor to consider and needed to be included in CPG for the complex treatment, and diet (22.3%) is also considered to be important in GD. Conclusions In this study, we were able to understand the clinical KMDs' perception of GD, knowledge level, and the requirements in the CPG. The results of this study will provide the basic data for development of CPG for GD.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.336-345
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 조합화학을 이용하여 $CaO-Gd_2O_3-Al_2O_3$계에서 $Eu^{3+}$와 $Tb^{3+}$활성 적색 및 녹색 PDP용 형광체를 탐색하였으며 탐색된 형광체의 합성온도, 최적조성,발광 특성 등을 조사하였다. $CaO-Gd_2O_3-Al_2O_3$의 삼성분계의 형광특성 라이브러리를 작성하기 위하여 210개의 다른 조성을 가진 시료를 고분자 착체 중합법으로 합성하였다. 합성된 형광체 분말을 VUV PL로 측정하여 형광 특성 라이브러리를 작성하였고 발광특성이 잘 나타난 시료를 XPD를 이용하여 결정 구조를 확인하였다. 적색 형광체로서 탐색된 $Ca_{\alpha}$G$d_{0.95-\alpha-\beta}$$Al_\beta$$O_\delta$ : Eu(0.02< $\alpha+\beta$ <0.04)형광체는 색순도 면에서 상용형광체보다 개선된 특성을 보였으며 녹색 형광체로서 탐색된 $CaGdAl_3O_7$ : Tb, Ca$Al_{12}$$O_{19}$ : Tb, $Gd_4Al_2$$O_9$ : Tb, $Gd_3Al_5$$O_{12}$ : Tb 형광체 중에서 $CaGdAl_3O_7$ : Tb, Ca$Al_{12}$$O_{19}$ : Tb형광체는 상용 형광체에 비해 잔광시간이 짧은 특성을 보였다

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2013

목적: DTPA-bis-amide (L3) Gd(III) 복합체의 약동학 및 생체내 분포특성을 조사하고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: Sprague-Dawley 쥐의 꼬리정맥을 통하여 0.1 mmol Gd/kg의 DTPA-bis-amide (L3) Gd(III) 복합체를 주사한 후 약동학 및 생체내 분포 특성을 조사하였다. 조직 및 장기 그리고 혈중 Gd 농도를 ICP-AES를 사용하여 정량 측정하였으며 혈중 약동학적 파라미터는 two-compartment 모델을 사용하여 계산하였다. 결과: DTPA-bis-amide (L3) Gd(III) 복합체의 혈중 반감기는 ${\alpha}$-phase의 경우 $2.286{\pm}0.11$ min 그리고 ${\beta}$-phase의 경우 $146.1{\pm}7.5$ min 이었다. 생체내 분포특성은 주요 배설 경로는 신장을 통한 배설이 주요 경로였으며 일부 담도계를 통한 배설이 확인되었다. 또한 Gd(III)의 농도비는 다른 장기에 비해 간과 비장에서 매우 높은 농도를 보였으며 일부 Gd(III)이 정맥주사 후 7일후에 혈액 및 일부 장기에서 매우 소량 검출되었다. 결론: 새로운 조영제인 DTPA-bis-amide (L3) Gd(III) 복합체는 혈중 잔류시간이 상대적으로 길면서도 체내 축적없이 체외로 배출되는 특성을 나타내었다. 따라서 친지질성과 친수성의 균형이 잘 이루어진 가돌리늄 조영제의 합성은 향후 blood pool MRI 조영제로써의 가능성이 매우 높은 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.705-712
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• 2000

In this study, the dispersion stability of CeO2 based complex oxide was studied, and density, porosity, and microstructure of green body were investigated using colloid surface chemistry to manufacture the Gd2O3 doped CeO2 solid electrolyte in an aqueous system. To prepare the stable slurry for slip casting, the dispersion stability was examined as a function of pH using ESA(electrokinetic sonic anplitude) analysis. The dynamic mobility of particles was enhanced with anionic and cationic dispersant were added the amount of 0.5wt% respectively, but pH value in slurries didn't move to below 6.0 because of the influence of dopants. This phenomenon also appeared in the CeO2-Y2O3 and CeO2-Sm2O3 systems, so it could be inferred that rare earth dopants such as Gd2O3, Sm2O3 and Y2O3 not only have the similar motion with changing pH in an aqueous system but also can be dissolved in the range of pH 6.0∼6.5. In CeO2-Gd2O3 system, when the anionic dispersant was added the amount of 0.5wt% and pH value in slurries was fixed at 9.5, the green body density was 4.07g/㎤, and the relative density of sintered body was 95.2%. It could be inferred from XRD analysis that Gd3+ substituted into Ce4+ site because there was no free Gd2O3 peak.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.257-262
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• 1992

DC 마그테트톤 스퍼터링으로 GdFe 광자기기록용 박막을 복합타켓 배열방법에 따라 제작할때 각 원소의 증착속도의 차이로 인한 특성의 변화를 구하였다. 조성은 증착속도가 증가함에 따라 Gd atomic %가 줄어들며 1.0 ${\AA}/s$ 이상의 증착속도에서는 다소 증가하였다가 감소하는 변화를 보였다. 투입전력에 따른 증착속도는 거의 선형적으로 증가하며, Gd chip의 수를 증가시킬수록 스퍼터링 효율이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 투입전력이 증가함에 따라 박막의 보자력도 증가하는데, 이는 Fe 결정립의 크기가 커짐에 따른 것으로 해석된다. 이 실험을 위하여 확산방지벽을 제작하여 스퍼터링에 적용하였고, 이는 재현성을 높이는데 효과가 있었다. Kerr angle gauge를 제작하여 ${\theta}_k$를 측정하였고 ${\theta}_k$는 증착속도에 따라 큰 변화가 없음을 알았다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.164-175
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• 2000

Three compounds of Cu(II)-loaded N,N,N'-trimethylethylenediaminated Merrifield-type polymers were synthesized with yields higher than 80%, and the hydrolysis reaction rates of O-isopropylmethyl-phosphonofluoridate(GB) and O-pinacolylmethylphosphonofluoridate (GD) catalyzed by them have been surveyed. GB and GD hydrolysis by Cu(II)-loaded polymers occurs via intermediate complex mechanism where rapid equilibrium to form intermediate complex between substrate and Cu(II)-loaded polymers($K_f$) is followed by rate determining hydrolysis step($k_1$). The measured activation parameters for $k_1$ are ${\Delta}H^{\ddag}$ : $17.75{\pm}0.98kJ/mol$ ${\Delta}S^{\ddag}$ / : $-218.42{\pm}3.35J/mol$ K, $E^{\circ}_a$ : $20.22{\pm}0.98kJ/mo1$ for GB and ${\Delta}H^{\ddag}$ / : $11.16{\pm}1.15kJ/mol,$${\Delta}S^{\ddag}$ /: $-258.57{\pm}3.93J/mol$ K, $E^{\circ}_a$ : $13.64{\pm}1.15 kJ/mol$ for GD. Standard enthalpy/entropy changes corresponding to the intermediate complex formation constant $K_f$ are ${\Delta}H^{\circ}$ : $37.05{\pm}2.19 kJ/mo1,$$ {\Delta}S^{\circ}$ : $163.12{\pm}7.49 J/mol$ K and ${\Delta}H^{\circ}$ : 418.59{\pm}2.04 kJ/mol,$ ${\Delta}S^{\circ}$ : 4111.92{\pm}6.98 J/mol$ K for GB and GD, respectively, The electron push-pull mechanism by Cu(II)-loaded polymers lowers the P-F bond breaking energy(~400 kJ/mol) to less than 1/20 compared to the case in which no Cu(II)-loaded resin presents. Analysis of $K_f$ and 4k_1$ over pH=6.5~8.0 range suggest that the GB and GD hydrolysis occurs intramolecularily with $pK_a$ =7.29 for ligated $H_2O$ and $t_{1/2}$=36.9 sec, $pK_a$ = 7.06 and $t_{1/2}$=177.7 sec for GB and GD, respectively.