• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2018

Objective: DNA methylation plays a major role in regulating the expression of genes related to traits of economic interest (e.g., weight gain) in livestock animals. This study characterized and investigated the functional inferences of genome-wide DNA methylome in the loin (longissimus dorsi) muscle (LDM) of swine. Methods: A total of 8.99 Gb methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequence data were obtained from LDM samples of eight Duroc pigs (four pairs of littermates). The reference pig genome was annotated with 78.5% of the raw reads. A total of 33,506 putative methylated regions (PMR) were identified from methylated regions that overlapped at least two samples. Results: Of these, only 3.1% were commonly observed in all eight samples. DNA methylation patterns between two littermates were as diverse as between unrelated individuals (p = 0.47), indicating that maternal genetic effects have little influence on the variation in DNA methylation of porcine LDM. The highest density of PMR was observed on chromosome 10. A major proportion (47.7%) of PMR was present in the repeat regions, followed by introns (21.5%). The highest conservation of PMR was found in CpG islands (12.1%). These results show an important role for DNA methylation in species- and tissue-specific regulation of gene expression. PMR were also significantly related to muscular cell development, cell-cell communication, cellular integrity and transport, and nutrient metabolism. Conclusion: This study indicated the biased distribution and functional role of DNA methylation in gene expression of porcine LDM. DNA methylation was related to cell development, cell-cell communication, cellular integrity and transport, and nutrient metabolism (e.g., insulin signaling pathways). Nutritional and environmental management may have a significant impact on the variation in DNA methylation of porcine LDM.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.131-140
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study is to figure out the treatment of coldness in hands and Feet by using Delphi survey. Method : This study was approved by institutional review boards at Kyung Hee University. Self recording type delphi survey were sent by e-mail to 55 Korean medicine specialists (19 gynecologist, 36 internal medical doctors) who treat coldness in hands and Feet. And replies were analyzed. As this study is cross sectional study, simple descriptive analysis was applied. Results & Conclusion : Herbal medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion were mainly applied and extract (granule), pharmacopuncture, bee venom pharmacopuncture and cupping therapy were also added case by case. Treatment was done twice a weak for 4 months. Cupping therapy was done at GB21 and SI11. Bee venom pharmacopuncture and Kidney yang deficiency pharmacopuncture were applied at ST36, GB21, CV4 and LR3. As extract (granule) Ijungtang, Dangguisayeokgaosuyusaenggangtang and Dangguisayeoktang were mainly used and as herbal medicine formula Palmijihwangwon, Bojungikgitang, Ijungtang, Danggwisayeok-gaosuyusaenggangtang and Danggwisayeoktang were mainly prescribed. Comprehensive treatment of acupuncture, moxibustion and herbal medicine was considered to have more effective and more rapid result than single treatment of herbal medicine have.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.99-109
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• 2016

The utilization of Building Information Modeling (BIM) has increased in order to enhance the integration of information for management and resources throughout the construction projects. Therefore, various BIM softwares have been used under open BIM environments in the building and plant construction industry. However, it has obstructive factors due to the lack of interoperability. In order to address this problem, this study conducted an interoperability analysis of BIM software focused on user-defined properties for enhanced function and efficiency. Result of the analysis shows that authoring tools have more interoperability problems than viewer tools and simulation tools have. In terms of interoperability, user-defined properties outperforms than those of system basic properties and logic data. Therefore, it was found that functional improvement and workload minimization in BIM can be attained by applying the GBS (an user-defined property for automatic manipulation of BIM proposed by Jung et al. 2013) that enables automatic link between geometric data and non-geometric data. In this respect, this study concludes that the application of user-defined property (e.g. GBS) can be an effective method for information integration throughout construction projects.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.113-122
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• 2007

목적 : 만성 견비통 환자에 대한 침 치료와 신경 차단술 병행 치료의 효과를 검증하고자 함. 방법 : 만성 견비통 환자 60명을 대상으로 동서병행치료군(EW group, n=20), 한방 침치료군(E group, n=20), 무처치 대조군(C group, n=20)으로 무작위 배정한 후 연구를 시작했다. 동서병행치료군은 먼저 견갑상 신경차단술, 견봉하 주사 및 압통점 국소 마취제를 맞은 후 5분간 휴식을 취한 후 견우($LI_{15}$), 견요($TE_{14}$), 견정(肩井)($GB_{21}$) 및 동씨침의 견중혈(肩中穴)과 신관혈(腎關穴)에 침치료를 주 2회 4주간 받았다. 한방 침치료군은 주 2회, 4주간 견우($LI_{15}$), 견요($TE_{14}$), 견정(肩井)($GB_{21}$) 및 동씨침의 견중혈(肩中穴)과 신관혈(腎關穴)에 침치료를 받았으며, 무처치 대조군은 4주간 특별한 처치를 받지 않았다. 모든 환자들은 일상생활에서 자가 운동을 실시하도록 지시 받았다. 치료 시작전과 치료 4주 후 Constant Shoulder Assessment(CSA), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index(SPADI), 및 환자의 주관적 통증 평가를 Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) 로 측정하여 모인 데이터 통계를 분석하였다. 결과 : 동서병행치료군 및 한방 침치료군 모두 CSA, SPADI 및 VAS 상에서 유의한 (p<0.05) 호전을 보였다, 동서병행치료군의 CSA, SPADI, VAS는 무처치 대조군과 비교하여 유의한 우의를 나타냈으며, 한방 침 치료군과 비교하여 VAS 에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 결론 : 침치료와 신경차단술 병행 치료방법은 만성 견비통을 유의하게 호전시켰다. 무처치 대조군과의 차이는 3개의 측정 도구 모두에서 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 침치료만 받은 환자들과도 주관적 통증 척도에서 유의한 차이를 보였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1085-1088
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• 2003

Purpose : This study was performed to assess the difference of organisms causing bacterial meningitis according to time. Methods : We analyzed retrospectively 40 medical records of bacteriologically proven meningitis from 1992 to 2002. We divided them into two groups; neonate's group(14 cases), and children's group(26 cases). The results of the neonate's group were compared with those of previously reported articles in Korea, in 1970s-1980s. The causative agents of the children's group were analyzed according to the stage before and after the introduction of H. influenza type b(Hib) vaccine. Results : In neonates, Group B streptococci(GBS) was the most common cause of bacterial meningitis. There was a trend in Korea that major causative agents of neonatal bacterial meningitis have changed from gram negative bacteria including E. coli to gram positive bacteria including GBS. In children, H. influenzae was isolated in six out of 11 cases(55%) in 1992-95, before the introduction of Hib vaccine, while two out of seven(29%) were isolated in 1999-2002, after the introduction of the Hib vaccine. Conclusion : Our study showed that the most common agent of neonatal bacterial meningitis was GBS. There was a trend that after the introduction of Hib vaccine, the incidence of H. influenza meningitis decreased in children.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.89-96
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• 2007

Objectives : To observe the effect of acupuncture treatment in chronic shoulder pain patients. Methods : 36 voluntary patients were randomly assigned to an acupuncture treatment group(E Group, n=18) and a control group(C Group, n=18). The E Group patients received acupuncture treatment on $LI_{15}$, $TE_{14}$, $GB_{21}$ and Master Dong's acupuncture points, Shin-gwan and Gyun-joong, twice a week for four weeks. The C Group patients received no treatment. All patients in both groups were instructed to practise self exercise in their daily lives. Evaluations were made at baseline and after four weeks of study. The Constant Shoulder Assessment(CSA), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index(SPADI) and the patient's subjective pain was measured by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS). The obtained data was analyzed. Results : The E Group showed significant(p<0.05) improvement in CSA, SPADI and VAS after four weeks of treatment. The C Group showed significant(p<0.05) improvement in CSA, but the change of SPADI and VAS was insignificant(p>0.05). CSA and SPADI of E Group significantly(p<0.05) improved compared to the C Group, but the difference of VAS change in the two groups was insignificant(p>0.05). Conclusions : Four weeks of acupuncture treatment significantly improved CSA, SPADI and VAS. The improvement of CSA and SPADI was significant(p<0.05) compared to untreated patients.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.143-155
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• 2007

Objectives: To observe the effect of acupuncture and nerve block combination treatment on adhesive capsulitis patients. Methods : 59 voluntary patients were randomly assigned to acupuncture treatment group(E group, n=22), nerve block treatment group(W group, n=17) and acupuncture and nerve block combination treatment group(EW group, n=20). The E group received acupuncture treatment on LI15, $TE_{14}$, $GB_{21}$ and Master Dong's acupuncture points, Shin-gwan and Gyun-joong, twice a week for 4 weeks. The W group received suprascapular nerve block, subacromial injection and trigger point injection, twice a week for 4 weeks. The EW group received the same treatment as the W group and after 5minutes of rest, successively received the treatment identical to that of E group. All three groups were instructed to practice groups were instructed to practice self exercise during their daily lives. Evaluations were made before treatment and after 1, 2, 3 and 4week treatment. Constant Shoulder Assessment(CSA), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index(SPADI), Range of Motion(ROM), the patient's treatment satisfaction measured by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging(DITI) were used as assessment tools. The obtained data were analyzed and compared. Results : The E group showed significant improvement(p<0.05) on CSA, SPADI, VAS and DITI. As for ROM, Adduction and Extension improved significantly(p<0.05). The W group showed significant improvement(p<0.05) on CSA, SPADI, VAS and DITI. As for ROM, Abduction and Extension improved significantly. The EW group showed significant improvement(p<0.05) on CSA, SPADI and VAS. As for ROM, Adduction, Abduction, Extension and Flexion improved significantly. The improvement of CSA, VAS and Abduction ROM in the EW group was significantly(p<0.05) superior compared to the groups treated with single type of treatment. Conclusion : It is suggested that acupuncture and nerve block combination treatment for adhesive capsulitis patients is more effective than the two single treatments. Through further studies, the acupuncture and nerve block combination treatment model may be developed into East-West Collaboration Model in treating adhesive capsulitis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.196-208
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• 2019

Background: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the chronic inflammatory liver diseases and a leading cause of advanced liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The main purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of GBCK25 fermented by Saccharomyces servazzii GB-07 and pectinase, on NASH severity in mice. Methods: Six-wk-old male mice were fed either a normal diet (ND) or a Western diet (WD) for 12 wks to induce NASH. Each group was orally administered with vehicle or GBCK25 once daily at a dose of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, or 400 mg/kg during that time. The effects of GBCK25 on cellular damage and inflammation were determined by in vitro experiments. Results: Histopathologic analysis and hepatic/serum biochemical levels revealed that WD-fed mice showed severe steatosis and liver injury compared to ND-fed mice. Such lesions were significantly decreased in the livers of WD-fed mice with GBCK25 administration. Consistently, mRNA expression levels of NASH-related inflammatory-, fibrogenic-, and lipid metabolism-related genes were decreased in the livers of WD-fed mice administered with GBCK25 compared to WD-fed mice. Western blot analysis revealed decreased protein levels of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) with concomitantly reduced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in the livers of WD-fed mice administered with GBCK25. Also, decreased cellular damage and inflammation were observed in alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) cells and RAW264.7 cells, respectively. Conclusion: Administration of GBCK25 ameliorates NASH severity through the modulation of CYP2E1 and its associated JNK-mediated cellular damage. GBCK25 could be a potentially effective prophylactic strategy to prevent metabolic diseases including NASH.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.177-185
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• 2006

Objectives : To observe the effect of acupuncture treatment and western medical treatment on frozen shoulder patients. Methods : 39 voluntary patients were randomly assigned to the Eastern treatment group(E group, n=22) and the Western treatment group(W group, n=17). The E group received acupuncture treatment on LI15, TE14, GB21 and Master Dong's acupuncture points, Shin-gwan and Gyun-joong, twice a week for 4 weeks. The W group received suprascapular nerve block, subacromial injection and trigger point injection, twice a week for 4 weeks. Both groups were instructed to practice self exercise during their daily lives. Evaluations were made before treatment and after treatment using Constant Shoulder Assessment(CSA), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index(SPADI) and the patient's satisfaction concerning the treatment was measured by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS). The obtained data were analyzed and compared. Results : The E group showed significant improvement(p<0.05) according to the CSA and SPADI. The patient's satisfaction scored 5.67 on a scale of 10. The W group showed significant improvement(p<0.05) according to the CSA and SPADI. The patient's satisfaction scored 7.73. But the difference between the two groups were insignificant according to CSA and SPADI. Conclusion : Both acupuncture and nerve block treatment significantly improved frozen shoulder. But the difference of the two treatments was insignificant.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2017

Objectives This study aimed to review case studies on interventions of Korean medicine for hip pain. Methods We searched seven electronic databases for relevant studies up to Oct 2016. Case studies of Korean medicine interventions for hip pain were included and analysed. Results 15 case studies were included (Korean databases; n=15) and Total number of patients was 17 cases. A total of 13 types of interventions were reported, of which acupuncture (93.3%), herbal medicine (80.0%) and pharmacopuncture (40.0%) were the most frequently used. GB30 (66.7%), LR3 (41.7%), BL36 (33.3%) and ST31 (33.3%) were used in at least 4 papers. Cheongpa-jeon (25.0%) and symptom change (46.7%) were most frequently used in herbal medicine and outcome measure respectively. Conclusions Clinical studies, especially double-blinded randomized controlled trials, of Korean medicine interventions for hip pain must be conducted to obtain definite conclusions.