• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.695-707
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• 2019

This study was intended to suggest the appropriate vegetation management methodology by analyzing phytosociology for ecotourism resources. We carried out the classification and interpretation of the vegetation structure and the analysis of the relationship between communities and environmental conditions in Pocheon valley, Mt. Gaya. The vegetation in Pocheon valley was composed of 5 communities: Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community, Quercus serrata-Quercus variabilis community, Larix kaempferi-Quercus serrata community, Pinus densiflora-Castanea crenata community, and Salix gracilistyla-Phragmites japonica community. The Quercus serrata-Quercus variabilis community was further segmented into two types according to the differences of composition species and location of habitats. The methodologies that satisfy both the use of nature for ecotourism resources and the sustentation of natural vegetation are as follows: - maintenance the present vegetation (dominance species) by strictly avoiding artificial management in the tree layer; - maintenance of the existing vegetation structure through the artificial management of the usual vigorous tree species when the species in the shrub layer grow up to the subtree layer; and - continued artificial management to maintain high balanced diversity and evenness of various species in shrub and herb layers.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2013

Microbial diversity of soil samples from ancient stone-lined tombs was investigated. The tombs, discovered at Eoryung Ocheon-Ri site, Korea, were estimated to be belonged to middle class people from an ancient country, Gaya, which existed till AD 559 at the southern part of Korea. Nine fungal stains and 70 bacterial strains were isolated from the twelve soil samples, which were collected from the tomb Nos. 5 and 6. Ribosomal DNA sequence analysis discovered 5 fungal and 22 bacterial strains belonged to 10 genus groups from the tomb No. 5 while 1 fungal and 28 bacterial strains belonged to 6 genus from the tomb No. 6. The higher microbial diversity suggests that the tomb No. 5 was constructed warmer season than the tomb No. 6. Moreover, the discovery of Staphylococcus warneri, which is found as part of the skin flora on human and animals, and Bacillus aquimaris, which is a marine bacterium and can be discovered from tidal flat, from the surface of large dagger suggests that the ancient people may use meat and seafood at the burial ceremony.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2005

This study aims to investigate the flora of Mt. Gaya National Park, especially focused on the forested wetland vegetation of Danji-bong area. The flora of Mt. Gaya was investigated from April in 2003 to October in 2004. Vascular plants of this area consist of total 465 taxa, 4 hybrids, 12 forma, 75 varieties, 1 subspecies, 373 species, 268 genera, 91 families. It corresponds to 11.4% of totally 4,071 taxa appeared in Korea. Korean endemic plants were composed 11 families, 15 genera, 14 species, 1 variety and totaling 15 taxa. And also actual vegetation structures were analyzed the newly founded forested wetland and natural population Ajuga spectabilis on the Danji-bong area using the vegetation and the species composition by tree layer.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2017

This study estimated potential natural vegetation in Gayasan National Park through the occurrence probability distribution by using geographic information system (GIS). in Gayasan National Park. Correlation and factor analysis were analyzed to estimate probability distribution. The presence of the Gaya National Park Vegetation survey results showed that 128 communities were distributed. The analyzed relationship between actual vegetation and distribution factors such as elevation, aspect, slope, topographic index, annual mean temperature, warmth index and potential evapotranspiration in Gayasan national park. The probability distribution of potential natural vegetation communities at least 0.3 odds were the advent of Pinus densiflora communities with the highest 55.80%, Quercus mongolica community is 44.05%, 0.09% is Quercus acutissima communities, Quercus variabilis communities are found to be 0.06%. If you want to limit the factors that affect the distribution of vegetation by factors presented in this study, the potential natural vegetation of the Gaya National Park was expected to appear in Quercus mongolica community (43.1%) and Pinus densiflora communities (56.9%).

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.670-680
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• 2019

This study attempts to identify whether there were preferred wood species or any required properties depending on the use of wooden objects by comparing wood species analysis results of wooden objects, which are classified specifically by their uses like comb, wooden tablets, containers, etc., excavated from Haman Seongsansansung mountain fortress, which is the archaeological site of the Three Kingdoms era and those excavated from archaeological sites in Gyeongsang province considered to be the similar era of Haman Seongsansansung mountain fortress site. Wooden tablets and combs show the preferred species clearly and containers preferred wood species with the mid-ranged strength and the resistance against moisture migration.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2011

Five unrecorded species (Oedipodium griffithianum, Myurella tenerrima, Trachypus bicolor, Coscinodon humilis, Meteorium miquelianum subsp. atrovariegatum) with one unrecorded family and two unrecorded genera, were reported as new to the Korean moss flora. The monotypic family Oedipodiaceae consisting of a single genus and single species was distinguished from Splachnaceae by small plants that were 10 mm in length simple or sometimes branched, obovate-spathulate to ${\pm}$ orbicular, costa ending below the apex and entire margins except for the lower long-ciliate portion The species was first found at the top of the Mt. Seorak at an altitude of 1708 m. The two genera, Myurella and Coscinodon were found in the Korean Peninsula. Myurella tenerrima (Theliaceae) was found around the top of Jung-bong on Mt. Jiri. It was mixed with other mosses in the crevices of rocks in the alpine regions. The species is similar to M. sibirica, yet it can be distinguished by the position of papilla in the median laminal cells. Coscinodon humilis (Grimmiaceae) were found on the ridge of Mt. Gaya. C. humilis has a variety of hyaline apex according to leaf position and forms a capsule so it can be distinguished by family. Trachypus bicolor and Meteorium miquelianum subsp. atrovariegatum are unrecorded species. T. bicolor (Trachypodaceae) were found on the ridge of Mt. Gaya. T. bicolor is similar to T. humilis but distinguished by the costal lengths of the leaves. M. miquelianum subsp. atrovariegatum (Meteoriaceae) was found in Gageo-do. This species was distinguished by the plant form and morphology of stem leaves in the same genus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.13-34
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• 2008

In Headgear and Ornaments for Diadem in the Period of the Three States there was Conical Cap(or Pointed Cap), Feathered Cap(Trim), and Crown[Tree-typed Diadem and Tree and Antler-typed Diadem] was excavated from the tombs. Feathered Trim is 5 types, Feathered Trim I-A, Feathered Trim I-B, Feathered Trim II-A, Feathered Trim II-B, Feathered Trim II-C in according to upper part of central insert plate style. Feathered Trim I-A, I-B, II-B type was general style that was found in most of the old tombs in ancient Silla, Gaya. Feathered Trim II-A type was excavated from the only Silla tombs and II-C type was excavated from Gaya tombs. The Ornaments for Diadem in Baekje was excavated from the tombs is adorned with a arranged leaf-stems on either sides and the flower-shaped. They were distinguished with the original mode of Goguryeo and ancient Silla at the time. Tree-typed Diadem is five part in according to the Mountain(;山)-typed piled up. Only one Mountain(;山)-typed one in three stand-up ornament(I-1 type), and three step one in three stand-up one(I-2 type), modification one (I-3 type), three step one of four and five stand-up ones(I-4 type), and four step one of four and five stand-up ones (I-5 type). Tree and Antler-typed Diadem is three part in according to the step of Mountain(; 山)-typed and cross-shaped of the upper part. Three one of three step one of Mountain(;山)-typed and two Antler- typed (II-1 type), cross-shaped one(II-2 type), four step one(II-3 type).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.24 no.2 s.63
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• pp.79-83
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• 1985

Plant damages and yields of the different rice cultivars to brown planthopper (BPR), Nilaparvata lugens S., were observed for the evaluation of varietal resistance in paddy fields. Twenty nine Korean cultivas were transplanted in paddy fields with three plots of no insecticide, no insecticide and fungicide, and no fungicide at Haenam, southern coastal area in 1983. Among 6 varieties with BPR resistant genes, Samgang, Gaya, Hangangchal, and Cheongcheong showed very low populations of BPR and no damages on all treatments. Milyang 30 and Wonpung among them had considerable populations of BPR. Seokwang and 23 others showed high populations and serious damages. Yield increasea(%) with insecticides were low on Gaya(12%), Samgang(29%) and Hangangchal(35%), but very high on Bongkwang(260%), Palgueum(223%), Songjeon(200%), and Guanauk(200%).

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.44-61
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• 2015

Mural tomb in Goa-ri(Goryeong) built in the 6th Century Gaya period investigated precisely by the scientific method. They were used to optical equipments for investigation and made a damage map according to the damaging types. The mortar layer was mostly exfoliated from the rest of the wall except for the burial chamber ceiling and corridor ceiling. Also painting layers rarely not observed. Most of the paintings were damaged except lotus painting in burial chamber ceiling. Various damage types that exfoliation, earthen dirt, film coating were found in murals. Damage factors of mural were the porous characteristics of mortar layer and the movement of moisture in the murals. They were caused physical damage such as crack, exfoliation. It was getting worse and causing to secondary damage like earthen dirt, film coating.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.24 no.4 s.65
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• pp.209-218
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• 1986

This study was performed to evaluate the differences in resistance of rice varieties to biotypes of the brown planthopper (BPH), capable of surving on the Milyang 30 and Milyang 63 varieties which have Bph 1 and bph 2 gene for resistance, respectively. The rice varieties tested were Milyang 30, Cheongcheong, Milyang 63 and Gaya which have been reported as having resistant genes for the BPH. The check varieties were Chucheong and Sangpoong which have no resistant gene. The degree of resistance to the BPH biotypes indicated that Milyang 30, Cheongcheong, Milyang 63 and Gaya varieties were highly resistant to the biotype 1. But their reactions against biotype 2 and 3 were variable, namely Milyang 30 and Cheongcheong were susceptible to biotype 2, and Milyang 63 was susceptible to biotype 3. In the esterase isozyme patterns of brown rice the bands of ${\beta}-1,\;{\beta}-3\;and\;{\beta}-5$ were detected in Chucheong and Sangpoong, while the bands of ${\alpha}-1,\;{\beta}-2\;and\;{\beta}-5$ were detected in the test varieties which have genes for resistance. However, the bands of ${\beta}-5$ in Milyang 63 and Gaya were stronger than those of Milyang 30 and Cheongcheong varieties. In the root of 10-days seedling, the esterase bands of ${\alpha}-2,\;{\beta}-2\;{\beta}-4\;and\;{\beta}-5$ were detected in Chucheong and Sangpoong, while the bands of ${\alpha}-1,\;{\beta}-1\;{\beta}-3\;and\;{\beta}-5$ were detected in the tested different varieties. But the bands of ${\alpha}-1\;and\;{\beta}-5$ in Milyang 63 and Gaya were stronger than those of Milyang 30 and Cheongcheong varieties.