• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.83-90
• /
• 2010

The pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been known that it is developed when the offense-primarily the gastric acid-pepsin content of the refluxate-overcomes a 3-tiered esophageal protective defense. consisting of antireflux mechanisms, luminal clearance mechanisms, and tissue resistance. Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), which is known as an extraesophageal variant of GERD, has been considered to be developed by transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation (TLESR), direct mucosal injury by gastric contents, more sensitive mucosa compared to esophagus, and absence of buffering effect and aggravation of the injury due to pepsin. However, hypothesis of the pathophysiology in both entities are numerous and still lack of understanding for being a theory. There is no conflict that understanding the pathophysiology is necessary for resolving the problems of these diseases and numerous studies and results have been releasing. This review could provide clinicians dealing with GERD and LPR with applicable new information and help for overcoming the clinical obstruction.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.991-998
• /
• 2006

Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD) refers to reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus leading to esophagitis, reflux symptoms (e.g. heartburn, regurgitation and non-cardiac chest pain) sufficient to impair quality of life, or long term complications. Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), a subdivision of GERD, is diagnosed when there were some reflux symptoms without esophagitis and mucosal breaks at endoscopy. We report that severe NERD symptoms and lower quality of life which have not responded to more than 6 months' western medical therapy (acid suppression) were successfully improved with traditional oriental medicine.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.11-14
• /
• 2013

Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a recurrent, long-term gastrointestinal condition characterised by the abnormal reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus. Heartburn is the most dominant symptom, which can be life long and can considerably reduce quality of life. The main goals of treatment are to alleviate symptoms and prevent relapses, esophageal stricture and adenocarcinoma. This paper presents a review comparing the effectiveness of omeprazole with Nissen fundoplication surgery for the treatment of GERD. Nissen fundoplication is more effective in controlling heartburn symptoms, healing esophagitis and preventing relapses than omeprazole. Quality of life, in terms of productivity and ability to work, is difficult to assess in the omeprazole group and, as a result, a comparison of this aspect is limited. Although fundoplication is expensive in the short term, it is more cost-effective than omeprazole. Nurses need to be aware of the effectiveness of omeprazole and fundoplication to provide patients with accurate information, which assists patients in decision making regarding treatment options.

• Journal of Sasang Constitution and Immune Medicine
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.57-64
• /
• 2021

Objectives This study was aimed to report significant improvement of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) treated by Cheongsimyeonja-tang and acupuncture treatment in Taeeumin. Methods Patient who has GERD was treated with herbal medicine and acupunture from June 15 to July 6. Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) was used to observe changes of digestive symptoms. Results After treatment, the GSRS of the patient improved from 4.8 to 2.6. Also, the patient's symptoms of sore throat, cough, phlegm and bowel sound were reported to be improved after treatment. Conclusions This study shows that Cheongsimyeonja-tang might be effective in Taeeumin type patient's GERD.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.287-294
• /
• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) according to globus sensation (GS). Methods: We reviewed the clinical records of 29 GERD patients who visited the Department of Digestive Diseases of Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital from March 1, 2018 to February 28, 2019. The subjects were classified according to the presence of globus sensation, and the two groups were compared in terms of heart rate variability (HRV) and the Ryodoraku results. Results: In comparing the GERD with GS group (GS group) and the GERD without GS group (non-GS group), a significant difference was found in the duration of symptom and several HRV parameters. The duration of the symptom in the GS group was significantly longer than that in the non-GS group. The non-GS group showed a significantly higher value of total power and high frequency than the GS group. Conclusions: The results suggest a significant difference in the stress level between patients with GERD with GS and those without GS. When approaching patients with GERD without GS, their stress status should be considered.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.389-413
• /
• 2023

Objectives : This study aimed to review the current trends in experimental studies on the use of natural products for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methods : Experimental studies assessing the efficacy of natural products against GERD were searched on PubMed. Articles were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and then analyzed for experimental methods, interventions, and result analysis techniques. Results : A total 37 studies were included in this review. Predominantly, in vivo experiments were conducted to induce GERD through surgery, involving the ligation of the pylorus and the transitional junction between the corpus and the forestomach using 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. The acute induction model, sacrificing animals after a single administration following GERD induction, was mainly used.The utilization of cell experiments was relatively infrequent, with a focus on assessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects via the treatment of the RAW 264.7 cell line with lipopolysaccharides treatment. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Pinelliae Tuber, Ginseng Radix and Zingiberis Rhizoma were used as single ingredients, and herbal formula, STW-5 (iberogast), Rikkunshito (六君子湯), Banhasasim-tang (半夏瀉心湯), and Hewei Jiangni granule (和胃降逆湯) were used. Outcome analysis methods encompassed Macroscopic evaluation, esophageal function assessment, blood biomarker analysis, histological examination, protein analysis, gene expression analysis, and gastric juice analysis. Proton pump inhibitors were predominantly employed as positive controls. Conclusions : This study revealed the current trends in non-clinical research evaluating natural products for GERD. Based on the results of this study, we expect that non-clinical research on clinically effective natural products will be revitalized.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.55-59
• /
• 2015

Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD) is the most common esophageal disorder in children. Achalasia occurs less commonly but has similar symptoms to GERD. A nine-year old boy presented with vomiting, heartburn, and nocturnal cough. The esophageal impedance-pH monitor revealed nonacidic GERD (all-refluxate clearance percent time of 20.9%). His symptoms persisted despite medical treatment for GERD, and he was lost to follow up. Four years later, he presented with heartburn, solid-food dysphagia, daily post-prandial vomiting, and failure to thrive. Endoscopy showed a severely dilated esophagus with candidiasis. High-resolution manometry was performed, and he was diagnosed with classic achalasia (also known as type I). His symptoms resolved after two pneumatic dilatation procedures, and his weight and height began to catch up to his peers. Clinicians might consider using high-resolution manometry in children with atypical GERD even after evaluation with an impedance-pH monitor.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.1085-1095
• /
• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Lijin-tang-gamibang on refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methods: This before-and-after study compared the first medical examination and examination at the end of medical treatment. Twelve refractory GERD patients who visited the Department of Digestive Diseases of Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital from August 14th, 2017 to October 14th, 2017, were treated with Lijin-tang-gamibang for four consecutive weeks. The clinical characteristics of refractory GERD and the efficacy of herbal medical treatment was assessed by questionnaires, the Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Korean version (NDI-K), the Korean Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (KGSRS), the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), the Korean version of the Perceived Stress Scale (KPSS-10), the Qi Stagnation Questionnaire (QSQ), the Spleen Qi Deficiency Questionnaire (SQDQ), and the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC). Prolonged effects were reported upon the follow-up telephone survey two weeks after treatment. Results: After treatment with the herbal medicine Lijin-tang-gamibang, the clinical characteristics of 12 refractory GERD patients were improved, especially in terms of the most common symptoms of acid regurgitation and heartburn. Each symptom score of NDI-K, KGSRS, NRS, SQDQ, and PGIC showed significant advances. Prolonged effects were reported in NDI-K, NRS and PGIC questionnaires two weeks after treatment. Conclusions: These results suggest that Lijin-tang-gamibang is an effective treatment for refractory GERD.

• Anxiety and mood
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.28-32
• /
• 2006

Objectives : Non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP) can be divided into gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) related NCCP and non-GERD related NCCP. Our study was designed to examine the differences in clinical characteristics and psychological mood states between the two clinical syndromes. Methods : After some cardiologic evaluations such as treadmill exercise, coronary angiography, and echocardiography, 27 patients with NCCP were enrolled in this study. They were divided into patients with GERD related NCCP (12 patients) and those with non-GERD related NCCP (15 patients) using the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and the ambulatory 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring. Clinical characteristics such as typical reflux symptoms and psychological mood states were measured. Patients who showed scores more than 10 on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) or Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were defined as depressed or anxious group. Anxiety sensitivity Index (ASI) was also measured in all patients. All parameters were compared between patients with GERD related NCCP and those with non-GERD related NCCP. Results : The two groups showed a difference in typical reflux symptoms. Patients with non-GERD related NCCP had higher scores on the BDI, BAI and ASI than those with GERD related NCCP. Among all NCCP patients, 14 patients (51.9%) were suggested to have possible depression or anxiety disorders. Conclusion : The non-GERD related NCCP was shown to be associated with psychological mood states such as anxiety and depression. Thus, we suggest that routine measurement of psychological mood states should be necessary in the evaluation and treatment of NCCP.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.248-254
• /
• 2014

Objective: It was surveyed how to help patients get better treatment for their disease by making complements based on the survey outcomes when the pharmacists guide how to administer medicine. Methods: A total of 142 gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients answered the self-answering questions consist of 15 items about their general characteristic, lifestyle and dietary style. The frequency of survey materials was analyzed to find out specific figures of surveyed patient's general characteristic, lifestyle and eating habits. Results: Based on the outcomes on analysis there was no difference between female and male patients. The characteristic based on the age group, as ones grow older, the number of GERD patients also increased. In case on the characteristic in lifestyle, many patients had improper habit to treat GERD. The items were smoking habits, stress control habit, sleeping postures and the way in wearing outfits. In case of postures after having a meal, they had right lifestyle. Patients had improper habit in eating food. They enjoyed pungent food and drinks which can hinder the treatment. In case of the time of having meal, eating habit of meat and vegetables and eating food less than an hour before go to bed, this research showed that they have the right lifestyle. Conclusion: This research indicate that pharmacists give guidance GERD patients to stop smoking that is causative of GERD and guide patients have mental stability, and patients avoid pungent food and drinks such as coffee, soda, chocolates and mint candies.