• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.346-356
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• 2021

Purpose: Campylobacter species are currently the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. In Lebanon, Campylobacter infection occurrence is underdiagnosed owing to the lack of specific culture and rapid test kits, particularly among children. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, laboratory findings, and clinical characteristics of Campylobacter infection in hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in South Lebanon. Methods: We conducted a 6-month retrospective cohort study between January and June 2018, including 291 children aged between 1 month and 12 years, who were admitted to a tertiary healthcare center in South Lebanon. The medical files of the patients were reviewed to retrieve the required clinical information, including clinical and laboratory data. Results: The prevalence of campylobacteriosis agents in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis is 12.02%. Patients infected with Campylobacter had more severe acute gastroenteritis than Campylobacter-negative patients and often presented with high-grade fever, diarrhea episodes more than six times per day, diarrhea lasting for more than five days, and dehydration. Indeed, children with high-grade fever (≥38.5℃) were five times more likely to test positive for Campylobacter than those with low-grade fever. In addition, the results showed a higher Vesikari score for the majority of Campylobacter-positive patients with severe acute gastroenteritis compared to a moderate profile for Campylobacter-negative patients. Conclusion: The present study findings highlight that Campylobacter infection is frequent among children with acute gastroenteritis. Therefore, the detection of Campylobacter should be carried out for the diagnosis of human gastroenteritis in Lebanon, along with the detection of routine enteropathogens.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.453-457
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• 2009

목 적 : 본 연구에서는 장염증상으로 입원한 소아 중 노로바이러스에 의한 급성 위장관염의 임상양상을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2006년 7월부터 2008년 6월까지 분당차병원 소아과에 급성 위장관염 증상으로 입원한 환아 중 대변 RT-PCR을 통해 노로바이러스 감염으로 진단되었던 22명의 임상 기록지를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 비교군은 로타바이러스 감염으로 진단되었던 45명의 환자로 하였다. 결 과 : 구토와 설사는 노로바이러스 군에서는 각각 19명(86.4 %), 21명(95.5%)에서 보였고, 로타바이러스 군 환아 모두에서 관찰되었다. 구토의 지속기간은 두 군간에 차이가 없었으나, 평균 구토횟수는 노로바이러스 군에서 더 많았다. 평균 설사횟수와 지속기간은 로타바이러스 군에서 더 높았다. Vesikari Scale은 두 군간에 차이가 없었으며, 발열 빈도와 지속기간 또한 두 군간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 두 군 모두 2세 미만의 소아가 대다수를 차지하였다. 결 론 : 노로바이러스 장염 증상의 전반적인 양상은 로타바이러스 감염과 비슷하였으나, 노로바이러스 감염에서 구토 증상이 더 심했고 로타바이러스 감염에서 설사가 더 심하고 오래 지속되었다. 앞으로 노로바이러스 감염에 대한 광범위한 역학조사 및 예방적 노력이 필요할 것이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2012

Human astrovirus (HAstV) is a major cause of acute diarrhea among children, resulting in outbreaks of diarrhea and occasionally hospitalization. Improved surveillance and application of sensitive molecular diagnostics have further defined the impact of HAstV infections in children. These studies have shown that HAstV infections are clinically milder (diarrhea, vomiting, fever) than infections with other enteric agents. Among the 8 serotypes of HAstV identified, serotype 1 is the predominant strain worldwide. In addition to serotype 1, the detection rate of HAstV types 2 to 8 has increased by using newly developed assays. HAstV is less common compared with other major gastroenteritis viruses, including norovirus and rotavirus; however, it is a potentially important viral etiological agent with a significant role in acute gastroenteritis. A better understanding of the molecular epidemiology and characteristics of HAstV strains may be valuable to develop specific prevention strategies.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2019

Gastroenteritis with diarrhea is one of the most infectious diseases in the world following respiratory infections. Notably, diarrhea-causing viruses (DVs) cause more than 70% of such cases. In this study, 3,065 stool specimens from patients with diarrhea (median age, 1.1 years; range, 0.0-91.1 years), who were admitted to the DanKook University Hospital, were examined using multiplex reverse transcription PCR (mRT-PCR). The target viruses were astrovirus (AstV), enteric adenovirus (EAdV), group A rotavirus (RotV), norovirus GI (NoV-GI), and norovirus GII (NoV-GII). The mRT-PCR results were analyzed based on various factors such as seasonality, age, presence of co-infection, and analyzed trends. The detection rate of the DVs during the study period was found to be 30.8% (n = 943/3,065). When the detection rate was analyzed monthly, the DV detection rate was found to be highest between December to January. Of the detected DVs, NoV-GII was the most common, accounting for 45.5% of the detected viruses (n = 446/980). Notably, 86.5% (n = 848/980) of the pathogens were detected in individuals who were less than 5 years of age. During the study period, NoV-GII and RotV showed alternating trends. In addition, both the number and rate of co-infections increased.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.130-133
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• 2017

Noroviruses have been recognized as the leading cause of epidemic and sporadic gastroenteritis since the advent of molecular diagnostic technique. They have been documented in 5-31% of pediatric patients hospitalized with gastroenteritis. Although norovirus gastroenteritis is typically mild and self-limited, it causes severe, but sometimes fatal, conditions in the vulnerable population such as immunocompromised patients, young children, and the elderly. Bowel perforation due to norovirus infection is rare. We report a case of small bowel perforation with norovirus gastroenteritis in the infant with Down syndrome during the hospitalization with pneumonia. Severe dehydration may cause bowel ischemia and could have triggered bowel perforation in this case. Physicians should be alert to the potential surgical complications followed by severe acute diarrhea, especially in high risk groups.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.464-471
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• 2020

Purpose: Some probiotic strains reduce the duration of acute diarrhea. Because of strain and product specificity, each product needs to be supported by clinical data. This study aimed to test the efficacy of the synbiotic food supplement Probiotical (Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, fructo-oligosaccharides) in children with acute gastroenteritis of likely infectious origin. The primary endpoint was the number of children with normal stool consistency during the treatment duration. Methods: A total of 46 children (aged 3.6 months to 12 years) with acute gastroenteritis that started less than 48 hours prior to their visit at a hospital-based emergency department were included in this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. All children were treated with oral rehydration solution and placebo (n=20) or the test product (n=26). Results: Significantly more children had a normal stool consistency on days 1 and 2 in the probiotic group: 5 children (20%) on day 1 in the probiotic group compared with none in the placebo group (p=0.046). On day 2, 11 children in the probiotic group (46%) and 3 (16%) in the placebo group (p=0.024) had a normal stool consistency. The mean duration of diarrhea was shorter in the probiotic group compared with that in the placebo group (3.04±1.36 vs. 4.20±1.34 days) (p=0.018). Conclusion: The test product was shown to normalize stool consistency significantly more rapidly than the placebo. These data confirm the findings from a previous study in a larger group of children performed in a primary healthcare setting.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.239-242
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• 2004

저자들은 만성적이고 반복적인 복통을 호소하는 13세 여아에서 호산구성 위장관염 1례를 경험하여 보고하는 바이다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2009

목 적: 저자들은 입원 중인 환아들을 대상으로 노로바이러스 장염의 임상 특징을 로타바이러스 장염과 비교하여 조사하였다. 방 법: 2005년부터 2006년까지 한 소아과에 입원 중인, 위장관염 증세를 보여 대변 검사를 시행했던 3,261 검체의 원인체를 검출하였다. 노로바이러스 양성인 266개와 로타바이러스 양성인 303개의 검체 중, 비교적 순수하게 장염 증세만 보였던 노로바이러스 감염 73명과 로타바이러스 감염 182명의 검체를 선별하여 환아들의 임상 기록을 후향적으로 분석했다. 결 과: 노로바이러스 양성군의 남녀비는 1.43:1, 로타바이러스 양성군은 1.56:1로 두 군 모두 남아에서 검출률이 높았다. 평균(중간)연령은 각각 36.7 (22)개월과 24.4 (19)개월로 노로바이러스 양성군의 호발 연령이 더 많았다. 계절적으로 노로바이러스 양성군이 겨울에 국한되어 발생했다. 노로바이러스 양성군의 임상 증상은 구토, 설사, 발열 순이었고, 평균 구토기간은 2.1일, 설사기간은 1.2일, 발열기간은 1.2일, 하루 최대 구토 횟수는 3.5회, 설사 횟수는 4.5회로 전체적인 Severity score는 10.16점이었으며, 로타바이러스 양성군은 설사, 구토, 발열 순이었고, 평균 설사기간은 4.3일, 구토기간은 2.2일, 발열기간은 2.2일, 하루 최대 설사 횟수는 6.5회, 하루 최대 구토 횟수는 3.3회로 전체적인 Severity score는 11.9으로 나타나 노로바이러스 양성군이 증상의 중증도가 다소 낮았다. 노로바이러스 양성군은 어릴수록 증상의 중증도가 심하게 나타났으나, 로타바이러스 양성군은 연령에 따른 중증도의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 단독감염과 혼합감염의 중증도는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈액 검사 상 두 군 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결 론: 소아 노로바이러스 장염의 역학, 임상 증상 뿐만아니라 예방에 대한 더 많은 연구가 필요하다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제12권sup1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2009

The mainstay in the management of mild to moderately dehydrated children is fast rehydration by using hypotonic ORS (oral rehydration solution) and complete resumption of normal diet, including lactose-containing formula after 4 hours rehydration. Since the majority of young children with uncomplicated acute diarrhea will tolerate large amounts of undiluted non-human milk, withholding food and milk from children during diarrhea is not recommended anymore, regarding time to resolution and diarrhea control. In addition, routine dilution of milk and routine use of lactose-free formula are not necessary after fast ORS therapy. Breastfed infants and children fed with solid foods may safely continue receiving their usual diets during diarrhea instead of gradual reintroduction of feeding. However, young infants or children with severe diarrhea or malnutrition should be carefully treated under supervision if fed with lactose containing, non-human milk exclusively.

• 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.150-158
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• 2018

Objectives: Although Campylobacter is the main cause for bacterial acute gastroenteritis (AGE), there has been no notable clinical research into it, especially for Korean children. In this study, we share our experience of clinical, laboratory and image findings with Campylobacter AGE. Methods: Between May 2013 and June 2016, children diagnosed as having Campylobacter AGE were retrospectively enrolled in our study. Campylobacter AGE was considered diagnosed when a patient had symptoms of bacterial AGE and a positive Campylobacter result in stool using multiplex PCR. Results: Among 539 patients with suspected bacterial AGE, 31 (5.8%) patients had a positive result for Campylobacter. The average age of the 31 patients was $10.2{\pm}5.0$ years with a range between 1.1 and 16.9 years. Eighteen (58%) of the total patients were hospitalized between June and August. Diarrhea (93.5%), abdominal pain (83%) and fever (83%) were common symptoms. For 20 patients (65%), diarrhea lasted for less than three days, and fever lasted for 2.1 days on average. Among the 20 patients subjected to imaging studies, 12 patients (60%) showed bowel wall thickening on the right side of colon. In blood tests of 30 patients, 22 (73%) and 29 (97%) patients exhibited leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein, respectively. During treatment for Campylobacter AGE, prediagnostic empirical antibiotics were used for 6 (19%) patients. All patients recovered without complications. Conclusions: Among the children with suspected bacterial AGE, 5.8% had a positive result on Campylobacter in stool using multiplex PCR. Therefore, we observe that Campylobacter AGE should be considered in school-age children who have diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain.