• The Journal of Korean Society for Neurotherapy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.31-36
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• 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of contact handorientation response(CHOR) during sit-to-stand(STS) in people with stroke. Methods The subjects of the study were Thirty hemiplegia participated (Rt. hemiplegia/Lt. hemiplegia: 15/15, mean age: $65.82{\pm}8.53$) in this study. The analysis of muscles activation (rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius) distribution was conducted by the EMG, and the analysis of foot pressure distribution was conducted by the resistive pressure sensor. Hemiplegic stroke patients were instructed to perform STS three times with the non-affected side hand and affected side hand on the table. Results There was a significant positive correlation between rectus femoris, tibialis anterior muscle activation and affected side hand contact during STS(p<0.05). The STS correlated with the foot pressure in the affected side hand contact(p<0.05). Conclusion AS a result, CHOR during STS is related to muscle activation and the characteristics of foot pressure. This information was observed in the affected side hand contact on the table, suggestion that rehabilitation programs should be implemented.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.25-31
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) lifting on contralateral leg muscle activities in a seated position. Methods : Twenty healthy subjects were recruited for this study. Lifting was performed from each of the three position. An surface electromyogram (EMG) was used to record the EMG activities from vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), and gastrocnemius medialis (GM) in contralateral leg muscle. The data were analyzed using a repeated measures of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Bonferroni's correction to determine the statistical significance. Results : The results of this study were summarized as follows: In comparison to the start position, percentage maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) values of the VM, TA and GM demonstrated a significantly higher activities in the end position(p<.05). Conclusion : The result shows that contralateral leg muscles activities significantly more increase in the end position when PNF lifting was applied. Therefore, this study will be used to prove effect of indirect approach for the stability and strengthening in patients with leg impairments.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.29-36
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of whole body vibration (WBV) exercise on lower extremity muscle activity and gait ability in stroke patients. Methods: For this study, 30 stroke patients participated in this study and they were divided into WBV exercise group and sham-WBV exercise group, each group in which consisted of 15 patients. WBV group and sham-WBV group was performed by the patients for five times a week, for six weeks. sEMG was used to measure lower extremity muscle activity. Changes in the activities of the muscles, such as the vatus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), bicep femoris (BF), gastrocnemius (GCM) muscle, were analysis. Motion analysis system was used to measure gait ability. Gait ability measured the stride length (SL) and walking velocity (WV). Results: According to the results of the comparisons between the groups, after intervention, lower extremity muscle activity of VL (p<.01), VM (p<.01), GCM (p<.01). SL, WV was significant between the group (p<.01). Conclusion: This study showed the WBV exercise is effective for improving increase of muscle activity and gait ability in stroke patients.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.152-160
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in the number of repetitions and the change in electromyographic response during the maximum speed squat exercise according to the depth conditions and the maximum speed squat exercise according to the time of each depth. Ten men in their 20s were selected as subjects and the maximum speed squat was performed for one minute in three environmental conditions (ground, knee depth, waist depth). We found that the number of repetitions according to the depth of water showed a significant difference, and as a result of the post-mortem comparison, the number of repetitions was higher in the ground condition and the knee depth than in the waist depth. And the muscle activity of rectus abdominis, erector spinae, rectus femoris, biceps femoris was increased during ground squat exercise, activity of all muscle was decreased during knee depth squat exercise, and activity of rectus abdominis, erector spinae, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius was decreased during waist depth squat. In conclusion, muscle activity of lower extremities during squat exercise in underwater environment can be lowered as the depth of water is deep due to buoyancy, but muscle activity of trunk muscles can be increased rather due to the effect of viscosity and drag.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combining Mulligan taping and flossing bands on lower limb muscle activity and static and dynamic balance. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: Sixty-eight patients with chronic ankle instability were randomized into three groups that were treated with Mulligan taping (MT, n=22), flossing band (FB, n=23) and Mulligan taping combined with flossing band (MT+FB, n=23), and various parameters were compared before and after the intervention. The muscle activity of the lower extremities, including the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus and medial of gastrocnemius muscles was measured using BTS FREE EMG 1000, while the static and dynamic balance were measured using the Biorscuue balance measuring equipment. Results: There was a significant difference in muscle activity of the tibialis anterior muscle, before and after the intervention, in the MT group (p<0.01), FB (p<0.001) and MT+FB (p<0.001). There was also a significant difference in the muscle activity of the tibialis anterior muscle in the MT+FB group when compared with that in MT and FB groups (p<0.05). We also observed a significant difference in the dynamic balance all the groups (p<0.001). Conclusions: Therefore, combining Mulligan taping and flossing bands for patients with chronic ankle instability may improve dynamic balance and tibialis anterior muscle activity.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.21-25
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• 1996

The Electomyographic (EMG) signals of flexor-extensor muscle pairs were investigated to identify the neural excitation pattern of low-back pain (LBP) patients during a repetitive bending motion. New parameters and EMG normalization technique were developed to quantitatively represent the difference of temporal EMG patterns between ten healthy subjects and ten LBP patients. Flexor-extensor muscle pairs such as rectus abdominis(RA)-erector spinae (ES at LS), external oblique(EO)-internal oblique(IO), rectus femois (quadriceps: QUD)-biceps femoris(hamstrings:HAM), and tibialis anterior(TA)-gastrocnemius(GAS) pairs of muscles were selected in this study. Results indicated that the temporal EMG pattern such as the peak timing difference of QUD-HAM muscle pair and the duration of coexcitation of ES-RA muscle pair showed a statistically isgnificant difference between healthy subjects and LBP patients. These results indicated that the new technique and parameters could be used as a diagnostic tool especially for LBP patients with soft tissue injuries that are rarely dentified by traditional imaging techniques such as X-ray, CT scan or MRI. Improtantly, the new EMG technique did not require the maximal volutary contraction(MVC) measure for normalization that helped patients minimize the pain experience during and after the session. Further study needs to be made to validate and refine this method for clinical application.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.423-433
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• 2021

Purpose: Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is a method for promoting functional movements by facilitating neuromuscular responses through the stimulation of proprioceptors in the body using spiral and diagonal patterns. Irradiation, a basic principle of PNF, is a phenomenon in which the muscle activity of a body part caused by resistance is increased or spread into muscles in other parts via their connected muscles. Resistance training can be divided by body alignment into closed and open chain exercises. Methods: In this study, 19 healthy men in their 20s and 30s were selected as subjects. They performed PNF hip flexion, abduction, and internal rotation motions on their dominant side in an open chain exercise posture in which the nondominant sole was away from the wall, and in a closed chain exercise posture in which the sole was fixed to the wall. The nondominant leg's muscle activity was measured while resistance was maintained with applied pressure at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the maximum muscle strength in the last range of motions. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted for a comparative analysis of the contralateral leg's muscle activity according to the chain exercise postures and the intensity of resistance intensity during PNF hip flexion, abduction, and internal rotation. In addition, an independent sample T-test was conducted for a comparative analysis of each chain exercise posture according to the intensity of resistance. A one-way ANOVA and a Scheffe post-hoc test were also performed to analyze the contralateral leg's muscle activity according to the intensity of resistance in the closed and open chain exercise postures. Results: Results of the two-way ANOVA found that the gluteus medius and the biceps femoris had statistically significant differences in both the chain exercise postures and resistance intensity (p<0.05), and that the vastus medialis and the gastrocnemius did not exhibit statistically significant differences in the chain exercise postures (p>0.05) but showed statistically significant differences in resistance intensity (p<0.05). As a result of the independent sample T-test, the application of the PNF hip flexion-abduction-internal rotation pattern led to a statistically significant difference in the contralateral gluteus medius during the closed chain exercise posture (p<0.05). According to the results of the one-way ANOVA and the Scheffe post-analysis, statistically significant differences were observed in the gluteus medius at 50%, biceps femoris at 75%, vastus medialis at 100%, and gastrocnemius at 100% during the closed chain exercise posture based on a resistance intensity of 0% (p<0.05). In the open chain exercise posture, statistically significant differences were found in the gluteus medius at 50%, biceps femoris at 50%, and vastus medialis at 75% based on the resistance intensity of 0% (p<0.05). In the same posture, there was no significant difference in the gastrocnemius's resistance intensity (p>0.05). Conclusion: When the PNF leg pattern is applied, each muscle requires effective chain exercise postures and resistance intensity to generate the contralateral leg muscle's irradiation.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.590-600
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• 2007

We performed experimental studies on the muscle activities in the lower limbs for the different movement patterns on an unstable platform. A training system for postural control using an unstable platform that we previously developed was applied for the experiments. This unstable platform provides 360 degrees of movement allowing for training of posture in various directions and provides simultaneous excitations to visual sensory, somatic sensation and vestibular organs. Compare with the stable platform, keeping body balance on the unstable platform requests more effective sensation from vision, vestibular sense and somatic sense. Especially, the somatosensory inputs from the muscle proprioceptors and muscle force are crucial. To study the muscle activities for the different movement patterns and find the best training method for improving the ability of postural control through training and improving the lower extremity muscular strength, fifteen young healthy participants went through trainings and experiments. The participants were instructed to move the center of pressure following the appointed movement pattern while standing on the unstable platform. The electromyographies of the muscles in the lower limbs were recorded and analyzed in the time and the frequency domain. Our experimental results showed the significant differences in muscle activities for the different movement patterns. Especially, the spectral energy of electromyography signals in muscle for the movement pattern in anterior-posterior direction was significantly higher than those occurred in the other patterns. The muscles in the lower leg, especially tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius were more activated compared to the others for controlling the balance of body on the unstable platform. The experimental results suggest that, through the choice of different movement pattern, the training for lower extremity strength could be performed on specific muscles in different intensity. And, the ability of postural control could be improved by the training for lower extremity strength.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was carried out to observe the foot gworeum meridian muscle from a viewpoint of human anatomy on the assumption that the meridian muscle system is basically matched to the meridian vessel system as a part of the meridian system, and further to support the accurate application of acupuncture in clinical practice. Methods: Meridian points corresponding to the foot gworeum meridian muscle at the body surface were labeled with latex, being based on Korean standard acupuncture point locations. In order to expose components related to the foot gworeum meridian muscle, the cadaver was then dissected, being respectively divided into superficial, middle, and deep layers while entering more deeply. Results: Anatomical components related to the foot gworeum meridian muscle in human are composed of muscles, fascia, ligament, nerves, etc. The anatomical components of the foot gworeum meridian muscle in cadaver are as follows: 1. Muscle: Dorsal pedis fascia, crural fascia, flexor digitorum (digit.) longus muscle (m.), soleus m., sartorius m., adductor longus m., and external abdominal oblique m. aponeurosis at the superficial layer, dorsal interosseous m. tendon (tend.), extensor (ext.) hallucis brevis m. tend., ext. hallucis longus m. tend., tibialis anterior m. tend., flexor digit. longus m., and internal abdominal oblique m. at the middle layer, and finally posterior tibialis m., gracilis m. tend., semitendinosus m. tend., semimembranosus m. tend., gastrocnemius m., adductor magnus m. tend., vastus medialis m., adductor brevis m., and intercostal m. at the deep layer. 2. Nerve: Dorsal digital branch (br.) of the deep peroneal nerve (n.), dorsal br. of the proper plantar digital n., medial br. of the deep peroneal n., saphenous n., infrapatellar br. of the saphenous n., cutaneous (cut.) br. of the obturator n., femoral br. of the genitofemoral n., anterior (ant.) cut. br. of the femoral n., ant. cut. br. of the iliohypogastric n., lateral cut. br. of the intercostal n. (T11), and lateral cut. br. of the intercostal n. (T6) at the superficial layer, saphenous n., ant. division of the obturator n., post. division of the obturator n., obturator n., ant. cut. br. of the intercostal n. (T11), and ant. cut. br. of the intercostal n. (T6) at the middle layer, and finally tibialis n. and articular br. of tibial n. at the deep layer. Conclusion: The meridian muscle system seemed to be closely matched to the meridian vessel system as a part of the meridian system. This study shows comparative differences from established studies on anatomical components related to the foot gworeum meridian muscle, and also from the methodical aspect of the analytic process. In addition, the human foot gworeum meridian muscle is composed of the proper muscles, and also may include the relevant nerves, but it is as questionable as ever, and we can guess that there are somewhat conceptual differences between terms (that is, nerves which control muscles in the foot gworeum meridian muscle and those which pass nearby) in human anatomy.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1021-1039
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• 2012

Based on the ergonomic evaluation of workers in the domestic traditional Korean sweet manufacturer, one of the small scale agricultural product manufacturers, the purpose of this study is on estimating the specific works and muscles that have possibility of musculoskeletal disorder through an EMG experiment for quantitative evaluation. The method followed in an order: works that have musculoskeletal disorder risk were extracted through ergonomic assessment tools, RULA and REBA, and then EMG experiment on the postures was carried out with six healthy adult male patients. As an ergonomic evaluation result, work posture during the drying process had the greatest musculoskeletal disorder risk, and EMG activity in the cleansing work posture scored the highest among the drying, cleansing, and coating work postures. In particular in the drying work, relatively high EMG activities were shown in the two muscles in the lower body: biceps femoris muscle, and gastrocnemius, than any other muscles. Therefore, during the traditional Korean sweet workplace design in future, the workplace requires a posture that deeply bow wrist for a long time should be avoided.