Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7236/IJIBC.2021.13.1.152

Effects of Maximum Repeated Squat Exercise on Number of Repetition, Trunk and Lower Extremity EMG Response according to Water Depth  

Jang, Tae Su (Department of Pre-medical Course, Dankook University)
Lee, Dong Sub (Department of Leisure and Sports Coaching, Dankook University)
Kim, Ki Hong (Department of Recreation and Leisure Sports, Dankook University)
Kim, Byung Kwan (Sports Science Institute, Dankook University)
Publication Information
International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication / v.13, no.1, 2021 , pp. 152-160 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in the number of repetitions and the change in electromyographic response during the maximum speed squat exercise according to the depth conditions and the maximum speed squat exercise according to the time of each depth. Ten men in their 20s were selected as subjects and the maximum speed squat was performed for one minute in three environmental conditions (ground, knee depth, waist depth). We found that the number of repetitions according to the depth of water showed a significant difference, and as a result of the post-mortem comparison, the number of repetitions was higher in the ground condition and the knee depth than in the waist depth. And the muscle activity of rectus abdominis, erector spinae, rectus femoris, biceps femoris was increased during ground squat exercise, activity of all muscle was decreased during knee depth squat exercise, and activity of rectus abdominis, erector spinae, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius was decreased during waist depth squat. In conclusion, muscle activity of lower extremities during squat exercise in underwater environment can be lowered as the depth of water is deep due to buoyancy, but muscle activity of trunk muscles can be increased rather due to the effect of viscosity and drag.
Keywords
Squat; Repetition; EMG; Water Depth;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 N. D. Jenkins, T. J. Housh, and H. C. Bergstrom et al., "Muscle activation during three sets to failure at 80 vs. 30% 1RM resistance exercise," European journal of applied physiology, Vol. 115, No. 11, pp. 2335-2347, July 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-015-3214-9   DOI
2 S. Rampichini, T. M. Bieira, and P. Castiglioni et al., "Complexity Analysis of Surface Electromyography for Assessing the Myoelectric Manifestation of Muscle Fatigue: A Review," Entropy, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 529, May 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/e22050529   DOI
3 W. J. Kraemer and N. A. Ratamess, "Fundamentals of resistance training: progression and exercise prescription," Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 674-688, April 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000121945.36635.61   DOI
4 L. T. Brody and P. R. Geigle, Aquatic exercise for rehabilitation and training. Human Kinetics, 2009.
5 T. Shono, K. Masumoto, and N. Hotta et al., "Gait patterns and muscle activity in the lower extremities of elderly women during underwater treadmill walking against water flow," Journal of physiological anthropology, Vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 579-586, June 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa2.26.579   DOI
6 S. K. Powers, E. T. Howley, and J. Cotter et al., Exercise Physiology: Australia/New Zealand, McGraw-Hill Education, 2014.
7 P. Konrad, The abc of emg, A practical introduction to kinesiological electromyography, Vol. 1, No. 2005, pp. 30-5, 2005
8 P. V. Komi and J. Karlsson, "Skeletal muscle fibre types, enzyme activities and physical performance in young males and females," Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, Vol. 103, No. 2, pp. 210-218, June 1978. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1978.tb06208.x   DOI
9 B. W. Evans, K. J. Cureton, and J. W. Purvis, "Metabolic and circulatory responses to walking and jogging in water," Research Quarterly. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 442-449, Aug 1978. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10671315.1978.10615558   DOI
10 M. Gonzalez-Izal, A. Malanda, and E. Gorostiaga et al., "Electromyographic models to assess muscle fatigue," Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 501-512, Aug 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.02.019   DOI
11 A. Chevutschi, G. Lensel, and D. Vaast et al., "An electromyographic study of human gait both in water and on dry ground," Journal of physiological anthropology, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 467-473, May 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa2.26.467   DOI
12 P. W. Macdermid, J. Wharton, and C. Schill et al., "Water depth effects on impact loading, kinematic and physiological variables during water treadmill running," Gait & Posture, Vol. 56, pp. 108-111, July 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.05.013   DOI
13 K. Y. Al-Qubaeissy, F. A. Fatoye, and P. C. Goodwin et al., "The effectiveness of hydrotherapy in the management of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review," Musculoskeletal care, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 3-18, July 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/msc.1028   DOI
14 S. H. Yun, The effect of 12weeks' aquatic exercise on body composition and low back pain related variables of obese middle aged women, Master. Thesis. Chonbuk National Univeristy, 2003.
15 H. Lund, U. Weile, and R. Christensen et al., "A randomized controlled trial of aquatic and land-based exercise in patients with knee osteoarthritis," Journal of rehabilitation medicine, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 137-144, Aug 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0134   DOI
16 Y. O. Lee, M. H. Choi, and J. I. Kim et al., "Effect of Aquatic Exercise Program on Lower Limbs, Muscle Strength, Knee Joint Flexion and Pain Changes of Arthritis Patients," Journal of Muscle and Joint Health, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 222-237, Nov 1998.
17 T. Poyhonen, S. Sipila, and K. L. Keskien et al., "Effects of aquatic resistance training on neuromuscular performance in healthy women," Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Vol. 34, No. 12, pp. 2103-2109, Dec 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000039291.46836.86   DOI
18 D. J. Cochrane, "Alternating hot and cold water immersion for athlete recovery: a review," Physical Therapy in Sport, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 26-32, Feb 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2003.10.002   DOI
19 T. Poyhonen, K. L. Keskinen, and H. Kyrolainen et al., "Neuromuscular function during therapeutic knee exercise under water and on dry land," Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, Vol. 82, No. 10, pp. 1446-1452, Oct 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2001.25073   DOI
20 C. LaBella, "Patellofemoral pain syndrome: evaluation and treatment," Primary Care: Clinics in office practice, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 977-1003, Dec 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2004.07.006   DOI
21 G. L. Soderberg and L. M. Knutson, "A guide for use and interpretation of kinesiologic electromyographic data," Physical therapy, Vol. 80, No. 5, pp. 485-498, May 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/80.5.485   DOI
22 C. L. Alberton, S. S. Pinto, and N. da Silva Azenha et al., "Kinesiological analysis of stationary running performed in aquatic and dry land environments," Journal of Human Kinetics, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 5-14, Dec 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0103   DOI
23 K. Kaneda, D. Sato, and H. Wakabayashi et al., "EMG activity of hip and trunk muscles during deep-water running," Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 1064-1070, Dec 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2008.11.001   DOI
24 A. I. Cuesta-Vargas and C. L. Cano-Herrera, "Surface electromyography during physical exercise in water: a systematic review," BMC sports science, medicine and rehabilitation, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 15, April 2014. DOI: https://doi:10.1186/2052-1847-6-15   DOI