• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.179-184
• /
• 2011

This study aimed to confirm the effect of molecular weight (MW) in solid dispersion of carvedilol with poly-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) of various MW. Solid dispersion of carvedilol with PVP was prepared by spray-drying method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the surface of solid dispersion samples. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the crystalline of solid dispersion. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to analyze the change of chemical structure characteristic of solid dispersion. DSC and XRD show that drug crystalline was changed. FT-IR revealed that chemical structure of solid dispersion comparing the chemical structure of drug was changed. The dissolution studies of solid dispersion presented at simulated gastric juice (pH 1.2). The dissolution rate of solid dispersion was dramatically enhanced than pure drug and the MW of PVP has an effect on the release property of carvedilol in solid dispersion. In conclusion, the present study has confirmed the effect of MW of PVP on release property of solid dispersion formulation of carvedilol with PVP.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.830-836
• /
• 1999

돼지장에 존재하는 많은 균총들로부터 생균제를 분리하기 위하여 생균제로서 필수 조건인 내산성, 내담즙산, 유해균 억제능력들을 조사하였는데 그 결과 다른 균들에 비해 생균제로서 작용 능력이 뛰어난 한 균주인 PA10을 얻을 수 있었다. 생균제로서 중요한 기능인 설사 유발 대장균과 Salmonella를 억제하기 위하여 돼지의 장으로부터 내산, 내담즙의 특성을 가진 미생물틀을 분리 검색하였다. 이들 중, 위산과 담즙에 잘 견디며, 대장균 및 Salmonella에 대한 억제 능력이 뛰어난 한 미생물을 분리하였는데 Lactobacillus salivarious로서 동정되었다. 이미 생물은 pH 3의 위산과 0.3% 담즙산에서 각각 2시간, 24시간 동안 약 50~70%의 생존률을 나타냈으며, 대장균 또는 Salmonella를 MRS배지에서 혼합 배양시 24시간안에 이들 유해균을 완전히 제거할 수 있었다. 이 실험에서 L salivarius로 명명된 이 균은 돼지장에 서식하는 수 많은 미생물중 내산, 내담즙산, 유해균 억제능을 동시에 만족 시킬 수 있는 특성을 가지는 균주임을 알 수 있었다. 앞으로 균주 보존 조건을 확립하고, 동물 실험에서도 유사한 결과를 얻을 수 있다면 이 분리균은 생균제로서 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.302-310
• /
• 2008

In this study, potato kimchi was prepared by applying heat to raw potatoes, and then the physico-chemical properties and anti-cancer effects of the kimchi were analyzed. The texture results indicated the potato kimchi had very good hardness and springiness attributes. During th late storage period, total vitamin C content of the kimchi slowly increased. In addition, the potato kimchi had non-volatile organic acid changes that promoted early aging; however, after the complete aging period, it was comparatively similar to other types of kimchi. Using the methanol extracts of various kimchi samples, the potato kimchi(solid 100%) showed the highest anti-carcinogenic effects in terms of anti-tumor activity in tumor bearing Balb/c mice with sarcoma-180 cells. In addition, the effects of the methanol extracts on hepatic glutathione S-transferase content were $289.76\;{\mu}mol/mg$ protein/min, $250.97\;{\mu}mol/mg$ protein/min, $251.20\;{\mu}mol/mg$ protein/min, $219.53\;{\mu}mol/mg$ protein/min, $183.79\;{\mu}mol/mg$ protein/min, for control kimchi, mul kimchi, and two potato kimchis [(solid 100%) and(solid 60%+kimchi juice 40%)], respectively. The in vivo anti-cancer effects of the potato kimchi were investigated using AGS human gastric adenocarcionoma cells and HT-29 human colon adenocarcionoma cells. Overall, an MTT assay revealed that the methanol extract of the potato kimchi showed the highest anti-carcinogenic effects.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.415-422
• /
• 2015

The study aimed to evaluate the probiotic properties, antioxidant activity and fermentative capacity of Acremonium charticola and Rhizopus oryzae isolated from the Indonesian fermented dried cassava, with particular application on poultry. A. charticola inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Aspergillus flavus. A. charticola and R. oryzae grew in potato dextrose agar (PDA) adjusted to pH 3 and 8 or in PDA supplemented with bile salt up to 0.8%. After soaking for 8 hr, the survival rate of A. charticola in the simulated gastric juice (pH 2) and bile solutions (2% bile salt) was lower than that of R. oryzae. A. charticola and R. oryzae exhibited strong antioxidant activities. Compared to unfermented cassava pulp (control), the fibre content of cassava pulp tended to be lower after fermentation with A. charticola for 14 days. The populations of A. charticola and R. oryzae were significantly higher in fermented cassava pulp than in unfermented one. Coliform was higher in cassava pulp fermented with R. oryzae or A. charticola + R. oryzae compared to control after 7 days of fermentation, however, the bacteria were not different between A. charticola-fermented cassava pulp and control. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were higher in A. charticola- and R. oryzae-fermented cassava pulp than those in control, however, no difference of LAB was observed between A. charticola + R. oryzae-fermented cassava pulp and control. In conclusion, A. charticola exhibited antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity, gastrointestinal persistence and fermentative capacity that may be beneficial for poultry industry.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.35-47
• /
• 2001

Objectives : Through the literatures on the effets of Bufonis Venenum, we are finding out the clinical possibility and revealing the more effective to intractable diseases. Methods : We investigated the literatures of Oriental Medicine and experimental reports about Bufonis Venenum. Results : 1. Bufonis Venenum is made of bufonidae bufo bufo gargarizans cantor or bufo melanostictus schneider of white serum which secreted from parotid gland or dermato gland, and it is dried for using. 2. In oriental medicine, Bufonis Venenum has been mainly used on the tumors, cacanthrax and dermatic disease, and then it has been clinically used on infantile athrepsia, tetanus, sore throat, toothache, and so on. 3. The pharmacological effects of Bufonis Venenum are cardiotonic, respiration stimulation, depressor or vasopressor, topical anesthcsia, hallucination, striped muscle stimulation, antiasthmatic, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, anticancer, diuretic, immuno effects, etc. 4. Bufonis Venenum is largely divided in ether binding steroid compound, hydroxyl steroid compound, carboxyl or aldehyde steroid compound, indole compound, and adrenaline, cholesterole, etc. 5. Symptoms of Bufonis Venenum poisoning in digestive system are vommitig, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dehydration, in circulatory system are palpitation, shock, bradycardia, in nervous system are vertigo, somnolentia, muscle-tendon reflex weakness, and critical conditions to tissue necrosis and heart attack. 6. Ways to treat Bufonis Venenum poisoning include gastric irrigation with $0.2~0.5\%$ potassium permanganate fluid and atropine $0.5{\sim}1.0mg$ subcutaneous injection. From the chinese book of Bon Cho Gang Moke(本草綱目), if white serum of Bufonis Venenum enter the eyes, it happens the edema and pain. And then washed the eyes by juice of Lithospermi Radix(紫草) that the edema is removed. Conclusions and Discussion : The results from above literary studies show that prescriptions and Aqua-acupuncture of Bufonis Venenum could be clinically used to sedative, anticonvulsant, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, anticancer and topical ataralgesia. However it is expected that pharmacological and side effects of Bufonis Venenum are further studied.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 1993

The purpose of this paper is to explore the possible applicability of alginate beads as an oral controlled release system of polymeric drugs. Cellulase was used as a model polymeric drug. The release of cellulase from alginate beads was moderately affected by the ratio of cellulase to sodium alginate and strongly affected by $CaCl_2$ concentration. However, the release was not particularly affected by the other factors such as sodium alginate concentration and curing time. The drug was not released from alginate beads at pH 1.2, but was released continuously up to 8 hr at pH 6.8. At pH 6.8, the beads were swollen highly up to 3 hr, thereafter, were eroded into the bulk solution up to 6 hr, completely. Drug release from the beads can be caused due to diffusion and erosion of the matrix. Activity of cellulase was reduced when alginate beads containing cellulase were stored in simulated gastric juice. Further investigation would be necessary to improve the acid resistance of the beads. Since the release of cellulase as a model polymeric drug could be controlled by the regulation of the preparation conditions of alginate beads, the alginate beads may be used for a potential oral controlled release system of such polymeric drugs as polypeptide drugs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권7호
• /
• pp.1266-1273
• /
• 2008

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with antimicrobial activity and high exopolysaccharide (EPS) production ability isolated from sourdough were studied for their fermentation characteristics as potential new starter cultures. The values of pH, titratable acidity, and viable cell counts were $4.06{\pm}0.009-4.50{\pm}0.015,\;0.787{\pm}0.020%-1.172{\pm}0.018%,\;and\;8.78{\pm}0.08-8.98{\pm}0.06$ log CFU/ml, respectively. In order to select probiotics with a high survival rate in the gut, isolates were tested to assess resistance against the artificial gastric acid and bile juice. Viable LAB counts were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the acidity. At pH 2.0, the total declines in the initial bacterial counts were 4.52$\pm$0.07 log for S. thermophilus St-Body-1, >7.98$\pm$0.03 log for E. flavescens DU-10, >7.95$\pm$0.05 log for E. faecium DU-12, and 3.15$\pm$0.06 log for L. amylovorus DU-21. Among the strains, L. amylovorus DU-21 was the only strain that had bile tolerance under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. In order to improve EPS production by L. amylovorus DU-21, the influence of carbon source was studied. When glucose was used as a carbon source, EPS production dramatically increased to 17.19$\pm$0.28 g/l (p<0.05). The maximum cell growth (10.012$\pm$>0.012 log CFU/ml) and EPS production (18.71$\pm$0.19 g/l) were achieved when 15 g/l of glucose was employed as the carbon source.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.509-516
• /
• 2007

Starters of lactic acid bacteria(LAB) were isolated from the commercial yoghurt products and the four isolates have been studied on their identification and some physiological characteristics. For the purpose of identification, microscopic examination, API test, and 16s rRNA gene sequencing were conducted. Isolate A from a yogurt product of local dairy company A was shown to be Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium. All strains isolated were turned out to be as Lactobacillus paracasei by using a API 50 CHL kit. In contrast, isolate A was identified as a strain of Lactobacillus helveticus based on the 16S rRNA sequencing data, and L. casei ssp. casei for both B and D and L. paracasei for C. All the isolates survived the simulated gastric juice, pH 2.0 within 3 hours and sharply decreased in viability so that no viable cell was observed after 4.5 hours incubation. In addition, the four isolated strains were almost identical in antibiotic susceptibility to six different kinds of antibiotics including erythromycin ($15\;{\mu}g$), ampicillin ($10\;{\mu}g$), gentamycin ($10\;{\mu}g$), neomycin ($30\;{\mu}g$), but rather resistant to colistin ($10\;{\mu}g$) and streptomycin ($10\;{\mu}g$). It was noteworthy that four isolates were confirmed to produce antibacterial substance against foodborne pathogens of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli 0157:H7 as test organisms based on the inhibitory zones on an MRS soft agar medium. At presence, the inhibitory factor is unknown so that further studies are required to ascertain the active factor responsible for the inhibitory activities.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제39권5호
• /
• pp.844-861
• /
• 2019

Over the last few years, marine environment was found to be a source of surplus natural products and microorganisms with new bioactive secondary metabolites of interest which can divulge nutritional and biological impact on the host. This study aims to assess the possible, inherent and functional probiotic properties of a novel probiotic strain Enterococcus durans F3 (E. durans F3) isolated from the gut of fresh water fish Catla catla. Parameters for evaluating and describing the probiotics described in FAD/WHO guidelines were followed. E. durans F3 demonstrated affirmative results including simulated bile, acid and gastric juice tolerance with exhibited significant bactericidal effect against pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhi, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This can be due to the enterocin produced by E. durans F3 strain, which was resolute by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gel with amplification of the anticipated fragment of a structural gene; enterocin A, followed by antibiotic susceptibility assessment. Effective antioxidant potentiality against ${\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\alpha}$-picrylhydrazyl free radicals including lipase, bile salt hydrolase activity with auto-aggregation and cell surface hydrophobicity was similarly observed. Results are proving the potentiality of E. durans F3, which can also be used as probiotic starter culture in dairy industries for manufacturing new products that imparts health benefits to the host. Finding the potent and novel probiotic strains will also satisfy the current developing market demand for probiotics.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.1535-1544
• /
• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 3년 이상 숙성된 재래식 된장으로부터 아민 산화 효소를 생산하는 프로바이오틱 바실러스균을 분리 동정하는 것이다. 시료로부터 분리된 바이오제닉 아민(biogenic amines, BA) 생성균은 Bacillus sp. TS09, Bacillus licheniformis TS17, Bacillus subtilis TS19, Bacillus cereus TS23, Bacillus sp. TS30, Bacillus megaterium TS31, B. subtilis TS44, Bacillus coagulans TS46 및 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TS59 등으로 동정되었다. 한편 동일한 시료로부터 분리된 B. subtilis TS04와 TS50은 인공 위액 및 담즙액에 대한 저항성, 장내 상피세포에 대한 부착능 및 BA 생성균(Bacillus sp. TS30 및 B. subtilis TS44)에 대한 박테리오신 생산 등의 프로바이오틱 활성을 나타내었다. 게다가 B. subtilis TS04와 TS50 균주가 생산한 아민 산화 효소에 의하여 카다베린, 푸트레신 및 티라민의 생성량을 감소시킬 수 있었으므로 이들은 BA 중독 위험을 낮출 수 있는 프로바이오틱스 소재로서의 활용 가치가 높을 것으로 판단된다.