• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2006

배경: 위암은 조직학적으로 선암종이 가장 흔하며 선-편평세포암종은 전체 위암의 0.5%를 차지하는 드문 질환으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 선-편평세포암종의 발생기전 및 임상병리학적 특성에 대하여 명확히 알려진 것이 없으며 치료 방법 역시 명확히 정립되지 못하였다. 이에 본원에서 체험한 선-편평세포암종을 정리하여 보고하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1994년 9월부터 2004년 12월까지 삼성서울병원 외과에서 위암으로 수술 받은 8,268명의 환자 중 병리조직학적 검사상 선-편평세포암종으로 확진된 8명의 환자를 의무기록을 바탕으로 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과: 남자가 5명, 여자가 3명이었으며 중앙 연령은 49 ($41{\sim}69$)세였다. 종양의 위치는 중부가 3명, 하부가 5명이었고 크기는 평균 6.2 ($2.5{\sim}8cm$)였다. 병기는 UICC 분류상 II기가 5명, III기가 2명, IV기가 1명이었으며 조직 검사상 림프절 전이가 있었던 경우는 7명에서 관찰되었고 전이 림프절 개수는 평균 3.7 ($1{\sim}14$)개였다. IV기 환자 1명은 위절제술을 시행하지 못하고 위-공장우회술만 시행하였고 수술 후 5개월만에 사망하였다. 근치적 위절제술과 항암 화학요법을 시행한 6명의 환자들의 중앙 생존 기간은 34 ($12{\sim}66$)개월이었으며 1명은 경과 관찰 중 손실되었고 2명은 수술 후 각각 30개월과 34개월에 재발로 사망하였으며 나머지 4명은 재발의 증거 없이 외래 추적 관찰 중이다. 결론: 위에서 발생하는 선-편평세포암종도 선암종과 마찬가지로 림프절 절제를 포함한 근치적 위절제술과 함께 술 후 보조 항암 화학 요법 등의 적극적인 치료가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.X>$1,000{\mu}g$을 1개월 간격으로 $5{\sim}6$회 근육 주사하면 정상 혈중 농도를 유지할 수 있다.사료된다. 실험동물모델의 신경연접 변화를 분석하는 것은 신경연접의 형태적 가소성을 이해하는데 이바지할 것으로 생각된다.용하게 활용될 수 있는 자료가 될 것이다. 척도(r=-.341, p=0.036)는 보호자의 나이가 많을수록 점수가 낮았다. 5) 사회적 관계 영역(영역 3)과 관련 있는 요인은 없었으나, 하부척도 중 성적활동 척도는 교육년수가 길수록 높은 점수를 보이고 있었다(r=0.344, p=0.037). 6) 환경 영역(영역 4)은 교육년수가 길수록 점수가 높았지만(r=0.482, p=0.003), 환아의 나이가 많을수록 낮은 삶의 질 수준을 보고하였다(r=0.328, p=0.044). 한편 하부 척도 중에서는 신체적 안전 척도(r=-0.414, p=0.010), 거주환경 척도(r=-0.429, p=0.007), 새로운 정보나 기술의 취득 척도(r=-0.382, p=0.018), 의료서비스 및 사회보장서비스 척도(r=-0.351, p=0.031)가 환아의 나이와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며, 신체적 안전척도는 보호자의 나이가 많을수록 삶의 질이 낮음을 보고하였다(r=-403, p=0.012). 한편, 새로운 정보나 기술의 취득척도(r=0.406, p=0.013), 여가활동 척도(r=0.464, p=0.004), 교통 척도(r=0.363, p=0.027)은 교육연수가 길수록 높은 점수를 보고하였다. 결론: 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 환아의 보호자가 느끼는 주관적인 삶의 질은 건강대조군에 비해 나쁘지 않았다. 그러나 환아의 나이가 많을수록, 보호자의 교육연수가 낮을수록 스스로 느끼는 삶의 질의정도가 낮았으므로 이에 대한 관심이 필요할

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5339-5343
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• 2012

The induction of apoptosis in target cells is a key mechanism for most anti-tumor therapies. Bufalin is a cardiotonic steroid that has the potential to induce differentiation and apoptosis of tumor cells. Research on bufalin has so far mainly involved leukemia, prostate cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer, and has been confined to in vitro studies. The bufadienolides bufalin and cinobufagin have been shown to induce apoptosis in a wide spectrum of cancer cell. The present article reviews the anticancer effects of bufalin. It induces apoptosis of lung cancer cells via the PI3K/Akt pathway and also suppressed the proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cell line in a time and dose dependent manner. Bufalin, bufotalin and gamabufotalin, key bufadienolides, significantly sensitize human breast cancer cells with differing ER-alpha status to apoptosis induction by the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). In addition, bufadienolides induce prostate cancer cell apoptosis more significantly than that in breast epithelial cell lines. Similar effects have been observed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but the detailed molecular mechanisms of inducing apoptosis in this case are still unclear. Bufalin exerts profound effects on leukemia therapy in vitro. Results of multiple studies indicate that bufalin has marked anti-tumor activities through its ability to induce apoptosis. Large-scale randomized, double-blind, placebo or positive drug parallel controlled studies are now required to confirm the efficacy and apoptosis-inducing potential of bufalin in various cancers in the cliniucal setting.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.399-403
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• 2013

Background: Several studies have reported the role of the miR-146a rs2910164 G > C polymorphism as a susceptibility factor for several digestive cancers. However, the results have been controversial. Therefore, we conducted the present meta-analysis to obtain the most reliable estimate of the association. Methods: PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and pooled to assess the strength of the association between miR-146a rs2910164 G > C polymorphism and digestive cancer risk. A total of four eligible studies including 3,447 cases and 5,041 controls based on the search criteria were included. Results: We observed that miR-146a rs2910164 G > C polymorphism was not significantly correlated with digestive cancer risks when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis. While we found that miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism was not associated with gastric cancer, it was significantly linked with hepatocellular cancer risk (the homozygote codominant model: OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.04-1.87). In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, significant associations were observed in Chinese population for the allele contrast model (OR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.12-1.38), for the homozygote codominant model (OR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.28-2.04), and for the recessive model (OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.16-1.64). However, studies with Asian groups presented no significant association for all genetic models. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that the miR-146a rs2910164 G > C polymorphism is a low-penetrant risk factor for digestive cancers in Chinese.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.602-608
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• 2013

만성적인 염증이 다단계 발암과정에서 다면적인 역할을 하고 있음은 이미 잘 알려진 사실이다. 치주 질환의 원인은 구강 박테리아에서 분비되는 내독소들과 염증 유발인자들의 생성 등이 관여하는 다양한 요인들을 포함하며, 이는 잘못된 구강 위생 관리가 신체의 여러 가지 전신병적 원인과 연관되어 있음을 의미한다. 비위생적인 구강 상태와 연관된 만성 염증, 흡연, 알콜 섭취의 증가 등은 암의 발병 위험 요소로 작용함은 명확한 사실이다. 최근에는 구강 위생과 치아 손실이 위장관암, 폐암 및 췌장암 뿐만 아니라 혈구암 발병 증가와 직접적인 연관성이 있음이 밝혀졌다. 또한 흡연은 악성 질환 발병의 위험 요소로서 구강 위생의 강력한 위해요인임은 명백하며, 역학적 조사결과들에 의하면 구강 박테리아에 의한 치주 질환은 만성 염증을 통하여 흡연과 알콜 연관 발암원을 활성시킴으로서 다양한 암의 발병 위험 요소를 증가시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 암 뿐만 아니라 다른 다양한 질환의 예방을 위한 적절한 구강 관리는 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 암예방을 위한 악성질환의 위해 요소로서 염증과 치주질환 및 구강 위생과의 연관성을 논하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.528-534
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 흑마늘 열수 추출물(ABG)의 암세포 전이억제 효능을 검정하였다. AGS AGS 인체위암세포의 이동성과 침윤성을 억제하였으며, 이는 TER의 증가와 연관성이 있었다. 또한 ABG에 의한 AGS 위암세포의 침윤성 억제는 TIMPs 발현 증가에 의한 MMPs의 발현 및 활성 저하에 의한 것임을 알 수 있었다. 아울러 AGS 위암세포에서 과발현을 나타내는 TJ 단백질인 claudins의 발현 저하 등이 ABG의 항전이 효과에 연관되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과는 흑마늘 열수 추출물이 단순한 암세포의 증식억제를 통한 암예방 및 항암활성 뿐만 아니라 암세포의 전이 또한 효과적으로 억제할 수 있음을 보여주며, 이와 연관된 보다 구체적인 분자세포생물학적 접근 및 in vivo 연구의 필요성이 요구됨을 의미한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권19호
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• pp.8495-8497
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• 2014

Purpose: To investigate whether it is safe to use leucogen tablets 60 mg three times per day (180 mg for a day) and whether this regimen could reduce the incidence of febrile neutropenia caused by chemotherapy. Methods: This prospectively designed study focused on the safety and effectiveness of leucogen tablets 60mg three times per day for a group of cancer patients during chemotherapy for mainly lung or gastric cancers. The tablets were administered from 5 days before until the termination of chemotherapy. Neutropenia and other healthcare encounters were defined as events and occurrence was estimated for comparison. Results: We identified 39 patients receiving leucogen tablets 60mg three times per day, including 11 with gastric, 12 with lung and 16 with other sites of cancer. The mean age was 65 (29-75) years and there were 27 male and 12 female patients. The mean duration of leucogen tablets intake was 59 days. Eighteen patients were treated with taxane-based, 4 with irinotecan-based and 17 with other chemotherapy. The incidence of febrile neutropenia was 0%. Twelve patients were found severe neutropenia (grade III/IV), and the duration of severe neutropenia (grade III/IV) was 5 days. Treatment-emergent adverse events were attributable to complications of myelosuppressive chemotherapy or the primary disease (i.e., alopecia, nausea, asthenia, neutropenia, and severe hepatic renal dysfunction). No chemotherapy was delayed and no treatment related death was observed. Conclusions: This study suggested that leucogen tablets 60mg three times per day (180mg for a day) are safe and could be effective for preventing febrile neutropenia in patients with chemotherapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2013

Background: p53 alterations have been implicated in the development of many cancers, such as gastric cancer, but there is no evidence of p53 intron alterations in gastritis lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the p53 intron alterations in gastritis along with p53 and mismatch repair protein expression and microsatellite status. Materials and Methods: PCR-sequencing was conducted for introns 2-7 on DNA extracted from 97 paired samples of gastritis lesions and normal adjacent tissue. Abnormal accumulation of p53 and mismatch repair proteins was investigated using immunohistochemistry. In addition, microsatellite status was evaluated with reference to five mononucleotide markers. Results: Gastritis cases included 41 males and 56 females in the age range of 15-83 years, 87.6% being H.pylori positive. IVS2+38, IVS3ins16 and IVS7+72 were the most polymorphic sites. Their minor allele frequency values were as follows: 0.38, 0.21 and 0.06, respectively. Samples with GG genotype at IVS2+38 and CT at IVS7+72 had no insertion. Moreover, most of the stable samples (91.9 %) had a G allele at IVS2+38. All of the samples were IHC negative for p53 protein, microsatellite stable and expressed mismatch repair proteins. p53 alterations were prominent in the H. Pylori+ group, but without statistical significance. Conclusions: According to our results, some p53 polymorphisms such as IVS2+38, IVS3ins16 and IVS7+72, because of their correlations together or with microsatellite status may contribute to gastritis development. However, so far effects on p53 expression and function remain unclear. Therefore, a comprehensive survey is needed to delineate their biological significance.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.279-284
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• 2006

다발성 원발성 악성종양은 최근 발생 빈도가 증가하고 있으며 이는 암의 진단 방법의 개선 및 인구의 고령화, 유해물질에 대한 노출증가에 기인한다. 국내에서도 다발성 원발성 악성종양에 대한 연구가 진행되어왔으며, 김등, 윤등이 보고하였다. 그러나 삼중복암의 발생하는 빈도는 매우 낮은 것으로 보고되어있다. 저자들은 이화여대 동대문 병원 내과에 입원한 다발성 원발성 위암, 후두암, 폐암 환자의 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 1998

Cytologic evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) is an effective tool in diagnosing many disorders involving the central nervous system(CNS). CSF examination has been found to be of particular value in the diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma, lymphomatous or leukemic involvement of CNS and certain primary CNS tumors. As a survey of metastatic tumors to CSF and an evaluation of the preparation techniques increasing cellular yield in our laboratory, 713 CSF specimens examined between July 1995 and April 1997(1 year 10 months), were reviewed. There were 75 positive and 5 suspicious cases, the latter have had no evidence of tumors clinically. Primary tumors of 75 positive cases were classified as follows; 4(5.3%) as primary brain tumors, 40(53.3%) as secondary carcinomas, 13(17.3%) as leukemias, and 18 (24.0%) as lymphomas. The most common primary site of metastatic carcinomas was the lung in 17 cases(42.5%) followed by the stomach in 13(32.5%), breast in 8 (20.0%), and unknown primary in 2(5.0%). Four primary brain tumors were 3 cerebellar medulloblastomas and a supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). All 40 metastatic carcinomas were adenocarcinoma presented as single cells or cell clusters. Although signet ring cells were frequent in the cases of gastric primary cancers, no significant cytologic differences according to the primary site were observed. The cytologic features of leukemia and lymphoma were characterized by hypercellular smears presenting as individual atypical cells with increased N/C ratio, presence of nucleoli, and nuclear protrusions. In medulloblastomas and PNET, the principal cytologic findings were small undifferentiated cells arranged singly or in loose clusters with occasional rosettoid features. This study suggests that the CSF cytology is useful in the diagnosis of malignancy, especially metastatic extracranial tumors and the diagnostic accuracy can be improved by increasing cellular yield using cytocentrifuge.

• 생약학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

Ginsenoside Rg3 (G-Rg3) is one of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides characteristic of red ginseng, steamed and dried ginseng (Panax ginseng), which has recently attracted much attention for its antitumor properties in vitro and in vivo animal models. Experimental studies have demonstrated that it could promote cancer cell apoptosis, inhibit cancer cell growth, the apoptosis of cancer cells, adhesion, invasion and metastasis, and also prevent an angiogenetic formation in prostate, breast, ovarian, colorectal, gastric, liver and lung cancer etc. It has shown the antitumor activities by modulation of diverse signaling pathways, including regulation of cell proliferation mediators (CDKs and cyclins), growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor), tumor suppressors (p53 and p21), cell death mediators (caspases, Bcl-2, Bax), inflammatory response molecules ($NF-{\kappa}B$ and COX-2), protein kinases (JNK, Akt, and AMP-activated protein kinase) and Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling. In addition, the combination of Rg3 and chemotherapeutic agents have synergistically enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced antagonistically side effects. Furthermore, it can reverse the multidrug resistance of cancer cells, prolong the survival duration and improve life quality of cancer patients. Taken together, accumulating evidences could provide the potential of G-Rg3 in the treatment of cancers and the feasibility of further randomized placebo controlled clinical trials.