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Recent Progress in Research on Anticancer Activities of Ginsenoside-Rg3  

Nam, Ki Yeul (College of Agric. & Life Science, Chungnam National University)
Choi, Jae Eul (College of Agric. & Life Science, Chungnam National University)
Hong, Se Chul (International Ginseng & Herb Research Institute)
Pyo, Mi Kyung (International Ginseng & Herb Research Institute)
Park, Jong Dae (International Ginseng & Herb Research Institute)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy / v.45, no.1, 2014 , pp. 1-10 More about this Journal
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg3 (G-Rg3) is one of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides characteristic of red ginseng, steamed and dried ginseng (Panax ginseng), which has recently attracted much attention for its antitumor properties in vitro and in vivo animal models. Experimental studies have demonstrated that it could promote cancer cell apoptosis, inhibit cancer cell growth, the apoptosis of cancer cells, adhesion, invasion and metastasis, and also prevent an angiogenetic formation in prostate, breast, ovarian, colorectal, gastric, liver and lung cancer etc. It has shown the antitumor activities by modulation of diverse signaling pathways, including regulation of cell proliferation mediators (CDKs and cyclins), growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor), tumor suppressors (p53 and p21), cell death mediators (caspases, Bcl-2, Bax), inflammatory response molecules ($NF-{\kappa}B$ and COX-2), protein kinases (JNK, Akt, and AMP-activated protein kinase) and Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling. In addition, the combination of Rg3 and chemotherapeutic agents have synergistically enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced antagonistically side effects. Furthermore, it can reverse the multidrug resistance of cancer cells, prolong the survival duration and improve life quality of cancer patients. Taken together, accumulating evidences could provide the potential of G-Rg3 in the treatment of cancers and the feasibility of further randomized placebo controlled clinical trials.
Keywords
Panax ginseng; Ginsenoside Rg3; Anticancer activities; Apoptosis; Angiogenesis; Multidrug resistance;
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