• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.299-311
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• 2019

최근 한국에서 원전해체는 중요한 이슈이다. 원전의 운영 시와 비교해볼 때, 원전 해체 시에는 방사성물질의 방출이 크지 않을 것으로 예상되지만, 주민은 항상 방사선피폭으로부터 보호되어야 한다. 이에 대한 효과적인 관리를 위해, 연간 방출관리치와 방출한도치를 원자력안전위원회 고시 및 일반인 선량한도 기준으로부터 유도하였다. 기체상 유출물에 의한 대기 확산 및 침적 인자는 신고리 발전소 기상탑에서 2008년부터 2010년까지 3년간 수집 된 기상자료를 토대로 XOQDOQ 컴퓨터 코드를 이용해서 평가하였다. 선량평가는 ENDOS-G 컴퓨터 코드를 사용하였다. 이 컴퓨터 코드를 이용하여 기체상 유출물의 연간 방출관리치 및 방출한도치를 평가한 결과, 핵종별로 차이가 있었는데, 이는 연령에 따른 방사선민감도의 차이에 기인한다고 할 수 있다. 본 평가 방법 및 결과는 향후 원전 해체 시 방사성유출물 관리에 중요한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.841-848
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• 1997

Combustion of gaseous fuel combustor in a high temperature vitiated air stream was studied with computer simulation. It is for application to afterburner of gas turbine engine which the exact mechanism is not yet clarified. As the jet velocity from fuel nozzle is very high and the geometry of combustor is three dimensional complex structure, many time and money are required to have good results. To consider this demerit, it is simplified to 2-dimensional and modified with the nozzle hole area to same area of annual status. As the thickness of annual is too thin, it is to divide with the many grids for reasonable results. Accordingly, new method which injected fuel mass, momentum and energy are added to source terms of each governing conservation equation as a source terms is introduced like as two phase analysis. Reaction rate is determined by taking into account the Arrhenius reaction based on a single step reaction mechanism. It is focused to temperature and product concentration distribution at each equivalence ratio of inlet hot product.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2004년도 제28회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.227-234
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• 2004

For gaseous fuel combustion with inherent $CO_2$ capture and low NOx emission, chemical-looping combustion(CLC) may yield great advantages of savings of energy to $CO_2$ separation and suppressing the effect on environment. In chemical-looping combustor, fuel is oxidized by metal oxide medium (oxygen carrier particle) in a reduction reactor. Reduced particles are transported to oxidation reactor and oxidized by air and recycled to reduction reactor. The fuel and the air are never mixed, and the gases from reduction reactor, $CO_2$ and $H_2O$, leave the system as separate stream. The $H_2O$ can be easily separated by condensation and pure $CO_2$ is obtained without any loss of energy for separation. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate inherent $CO_2$ separation and no NOx emission and to confirm high $CO_2$ selectivity, no side reaction (i.e., carbon deposition, hydrogen generation) by continuous reduction and oxidation experiment in a 50kWtb chemical-looping combustor. NiO/bentonite particle was used as a bed material and $CH_4$ and air were used as reacting gases for reduction and oxidation respectively.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2003

Diode laser sensor is conducted to measure the gas temperature in the liquid-gas 2-phase counter flow flame. C$\_$10/H/ sub 22/ and city gas were used as liquid fuel and gas fuel, respectively. Two vibrational overtones of H$_2$O were selected and measurements were carried out in the spray flame region stabilized the above gaseous premixed flame. The path-averaged temperature measurement using diode laser absorption method succeeded in the liquid fuel combustion environment regardless of droplets of wide range diameter. The path-averaged temperature measured in the post flame of liquid-gas 2-phase counter flow flame showed qualitative reliable results. The successful demonstration of time series temperature measurement in the liquid-gas 2-phase counter flow flame gave us motivation of trying to establish the effective control system in practical combustion system. These results demonstrated the ability of real-time feedback from combustor inside using the non-intrusive measurement as well as the possibility of application to practical combustion system. Failure case due to influence of spray flame was also discussed.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2002년도 제25회 KOSCI SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.237-240
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• 2002

Micro catalytic reactors are alternative propulsion device that can be used on a nano satellite. When used with a monopropellant, $H_2O_2$, a micro catalytic reactor needs only one supply system as the monopropellant reacts spontaneously on contact with catalyst and releases heat without external ignition, while separate supply lines for fuel and oxidizer are needed for a bipropellant rocket engine. Additionally, $H_2O_2$ is in liquid phase at room temperature, eliminating the burden of storage for gaseous fuel and carburetion of liquid fuel. In order to design a micro catalytic reactor, an appropriate catalyst material must be selected. Considering the safety concern in handling the monopropellants and reaction performance of catalyst, we selected hydrogen peroxide at volume concentration of 70% and perovskite redox catalyst of lantanium cobaltate doped with strondium. Perovskite catalysts are known to have superior reactivity in reduction-oxidation chemical processes. In particular, lantanium cobaltate has better performance in chemical reactions involving oxygen atom exchange than other perovskite materials. In the present study, a process to prepare perovskite type catalyst, $La_{0.8}Sr_{0.2}CoO_3$, and measurement of its propellant decomposition performance in a test reactor are described.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2011

The effect of payload on fuel consumption and emission of light duty freight truck during acceleration driving has been analyzed. Running tests were carried out with various payload conditions on chassis dynamometer. A typical driving pattern for urban cities was used. Real time emission measurement systems for gaseous and soot emission were utilized to investigate the real time dynamic of fuel use and exhaust emissions. It was observed that fuel use and pollutant emissions were increased as payload was increased. Under the same payload condition, the increased amount of acceleration driving is much higher than that of steady state driving. The results demonstrated the advantages of eco-driving, which is an environmentally friendly driving manner, could be emphasized in heavier payload condition. Inertial tractive power was introduced for considering the parameters affecting emission during acceleration driving, which are speed, acceleration and payload. Fuel use and emission in various driving conditions were expressed as functions of inertial tractive power. The estimated result by these functions well predicted measured result within 10 % deviation.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

The ignition delay of a dual fuel system has been numerically investigated by adopting a constant volume chamber as a model problem simulating diesel engine relevant conditions. A detailed chemical kinetic mechanism, consisting of 28 species and 135 elementary reactions, of dimethyl ether (DME) with methane ($CH_{4}$) sub-mechanism has been used in conjunction with the multi-dimensional reactive flow KIVA-3V code to simulate the autoignition process. The start of ignition was defined as the moment when the maximum temperature in the combustion vessel reached to 1900 K with which a best agreement with existing experiment was achieved. Ignition delays of liquid DME injected into air at various high pressures and temperatures compared well with the existing experimental results in a combustion bomb. When a small quantity of liquid DME was injected into premixtures of $CH_{4}$/air, the ignition delay times of the dual fuel system are longer than that observed with DME only, especially at higher initial temperatures. The variation in the ignition delay between DME only and dual fuel case tend to be constant for lower initial temperatures. It was also found that the predicted values of the ignition delay in dual fuel operation are dependent on the concentration of the gaseous $CH_{4}$ in the chamber charge and less dependent on the injected mass of DME. Temperature and equivalence ratio contours of the combustion process showed that the ignition commonly starts in the boundary at which near stoichiometric mixtures could exists. Parametric studies are also conducted to show the effect of additive such as hydrogen peroxide in the ignition delay. Apart from accurate predictions of ignition delay, the coupling between multi-dimensional flow and multi-step chemistry is essential to reveal detailed features of the ignition process.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.237-247
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• 2001

1980년대 말 시점과 1990년대 말 시점을 비교구간으로 설정하여 서울 한남동지역에 대한 대기중 수은의 농도분포변화양상을 비교해 보았다. 긴 시간 동안 발생원과 소멸원이 지닌 관계의 변화와 같은 영향에 의해, 양 기간대의 농도분포는 절대적 및 상대적 관점에서 모두 뚜렷한 차이를 보여 주었다. 80년대말 시점의 농도가 14.4${\pm}$9.56 ngm$^{-3}$인데 반해, 90년대 말 시점에는 이보다 1/3 가까이 감소한 5.34${\pm}$3.92ngm$^{-3}$를 유지하였다. 두 기간대에 관측된 농도 및 주변환경변수를 여러 가지 주기별로 수은의 농도분포양상을 비교해 보았다. 24시간 주기 또는 계절별로도 양기간대의 농도분포는 뚜렷한 차이를 보여 주었다. 과거 시점에는 낮 시간대에 고농도가 발생하는 현상이 빈번한데 반해, 현 시점에서는 이러한 양상을 확인하기가 어려웠다. 또한 계절적으로 겨울철에 고농도가 집중되는 현상은 과거나 현재나 유사하지만, 과거의 경우 겨울철 고농도가 여타 계절에 비해 확연했던데 반해, 최근의 분석결과는 계절간 차이가 상당 수준 줄어 들었다는 것을 보여 주었다. 이들 자료를 이용하여, 여러 가지 통계분석을 실시한 결과, 양 기간대에 현저하게 차이가 나는 농도분포는 주로 각 기간대별로 수은의 농도를 조절하는 주생성원의 성격이 현저하게 다른 데 따른 가능성이 강할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2009

고유가 시대의 도래와 강화되는 배출가스 규제에 대응하기 위한 대책으로 대체에너지 엔진 및 수소연료전지와 같은 새로운 연소 및 동력 기술에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있으나, 이러한 기술의 이용은 수소제조 및 공급 기반시설 구축이 선결되어야 하며 많은 투자가 요구된다. 수소를 내연기관에 활용하는 기술은 연료의 저장과 공급, 낮은 에너지 밀도 및 연소제어 등의 어려움이 있다. 그러나 화석연료로부터 합성연료를 제조하기 위한 중간단계로 생성되는 개질가스의 이용은 내연기관으로의 실시간 수소 공급을 가능하게 하고, 소량의 수소가 혼합연료 형태로 사용됨에 따라 연소특성을 향상시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 연료들의 개질 특성을 이해함과 동시에 연료 개질기의 적용가능성 여부를 판단하고자 하였다. 연료별 최대의 수소수율을 얻을 수 있는 조건에서의 열역학적 개질효율과 수소수율을 관찰하였으며, 연료와 산화제의 촉매상에서의 체류시간에 대한 영향 및 연료/산화제 비율에 변화 시 최대 수소 수율을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2017

Electrochemical conversion of $CO_2$ and production of $H_2$ were attempted on a three-dimensionally ordered, porous metal organic framework (MOF-74) in which transition metals (Co, Ni, and Zn) were impregnated. A lab-scale proton exchange membrane-based electrolyzer was fabricated and used for the reduction of $CO_2$. Real-time gas chromatography enabled the instantaneous measurement of the amount of carbon monoxide and hydrogen produced. Comprehensive calculations, based on electrochemical measurements and gaseous product analysis, presented a time-dependent selectivity of the produced gases. M-MOF-74 samples with different central metals were successfully obtained because of the simple synthetic process. It was revealed that Co- and Ni-MOF-74 selectively produce hydrogen gas, while Zn-MOF-74 successfully generates a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The results indicated that M-MOF-74 can be used as an electrocatalyst to selectively convert $CO_2$ into useful chemicals.