• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.51-65
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• 2012

Objectives : In this study the antidepressant effects of mixture of Lycii Radicis Cortex and Gardeniae Fructus on the change of HPA-Axis and Catecholamine system was investigated Methods : The forced swimming test was performed. The expression of CRF, c-Fos in the PVN, and TH in the VTA and LC were measured with immunohistochemical method. And the experimental groups were divided into the Extraction after Mix group(A) and Mix after Extraction group(B). The effects of both group were compared. Results : The duration of immobility in the FST was decreased significantly in three groups except B100(P<0.01). B100 was shown the significant increase(P<0.05). The expression of CRF in PVN was decreased significantly in all group(P<0.05~P<0.01). The expression of c-Fos in PVN was decreased in A100, A400 and was increased significantly in B100, B400(P<0.05). The expression of TH in VTA and LC were decreased significantly in all group(P<0.001). Conclusions : Effects of Extraction after Mix group(A) and Mix after Extraction group(B) on the HPA-Axis system and Catecholamine system were validated.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2017

본 연구는 혈관 활성에 도움이 되는 한방차를 개발하고, 섭취효능에 대한 동 서 융합적인 접근 필요성에 대한 기초자료로 사용하고자 하였다. 이에 따라 기미론에 따라 혈관 활성을 가질 수 있는 포공영(Taraxaci Herba), 치자(Gardeniae Fructus), 감국(Chrysanthemum indicum) 및 금은화(Lonicerae Flos)를 선정하여 조성물을 만들고 각각 재료와 조성물의 영양성분, 조성물이 세포활성에 미치는 영향 및 수축혈관에 대한 이완정도를 분석하였다. 기미론적 원리에 따른 한방차 조성물은 체내 열을 제거하고 혈액순환을 촉진할 수 있는 효능을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 네 가지를 재료를 배합한 조성물은 세포활성에 유익한 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 조성물은 수축혈관에 대해 이완효과를 가지고 있었고 조성물의 농도가 높을수록 수축된 혈관의 이완효과가 큰 것으로 관찰되어 이 조성물이 혈관 활성에 긍정적 영향을 주고 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 한방차 조성물의 기미 특성과 현대 영양학의 특성이 융합된 섭취효능을 제시하였다고 사료된다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.41-55
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• 2002

There are total 403 prescriptions containing Radix Scutellariae in Donguibogam and among them, 106 prescriptions treat Radix Scutellariae as a principal medicine. This report describes the study on therapeutic range, symptom, pathology and composition of 106 Radix Scutellariae-main blended Prescriptions from Donguibogam. The frequency and percentage of Radix Scutellariae-main blended prescriptions for the therapeutic range are as follows; cold symptom-complex is the most frequent(11 prescriptions, 10.37%) and gynecology is second(10 prescriptions, 9.43%). The symptoms that Radix Scutellariae-main blended prescriptions are made out for are 70 prescriptions of 28 therapeutic ranges, for example, minor Eum physical appearance, fire of triple burners jaundice, etc. The main pathologies that Radix Scutellariae-main blended prescriptions are being affected by cold, fire triple burners, dampness and heat, wind and heat, heat of heart and lung, heat of liver, heat of spleen, etc. Through the research into the composition of Radix Scutellariae-main blended prescriptions, the kind of medicines and certain rules of compounding medicines centering on Radix Scutellariae are deduced as follows: The main combinations of herbal medicines are Radix Scutellariae and Fructus Gardeniae, Radix Scutellariae and Rhizona Rhei, and Radix Scutellariae, Rhizona coptidis and Fructus Gardeniae. The main combinations of prescriptions are Yihwanghwan(Radix Scutellariae, Rhizoma Cotidis, Radix Glycyrrhizae), Boanbaekchulsan(Radix Scutellariae. Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephalae), Sambohwan(Radix Scutellariae, Rhizoma Cotidis, Cortex Phellodendrj), Samhwangwon(Radix Scutellariae, Rhizoma Cotidis, Rhizoma Rhei), Hwangryeonhaedoktang(Radix Scutellariae, Cortex Phellodendri, Rhizoma Cotidis. Fructus Gardeniae), Daegumhwahwan(Radix Scutellariae, Rhizoma Cotidis, Cortex Phellodendri. Rhizoma Rhei). Sanyeolumja(Radix Scutellariae. Rhizoma Cotidis. Radix Osterici koreani. Radix Ledebouriellae), etc.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2023

Objective : Gardeniae Fructus (GF) has bitter and cold nature. Thus, it has been traditionally prescribed in processed form roasted with ginger juice for patients with a weak stomach. This study investigated the effects of processed GF in tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-treated gastric epithelial cells. Methods : Processed GF was made by applying 40% ginger juice or 10% ethanol for 24 h and then roasting at 150℃ for 5 minutes. Apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was monitored by flow cytometry using the membrane permeable fluorescent dye Rh123. Protein expression was measured by Western blot analysis. Results : Cell viability was reduced by tBHP and restored by ethanol extract of GF (GFE). In the TUNEL assay, it was found that cell death by tBHP was due to apoptosis, and GFE had an anti-apoptotic effect. Processed GF roasted with ginger juice showed the best anti-apoptotic effect. Processed GF also inhibited MMP loss and restored tBHP-induced changes in expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins. Increased ROS production and GSH depletion after tBHP treatment were significantly reduced by processed GF. In addition, tBHP-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was inhibited by processed GF. Conclusion : These results demonstrate that the processed GF is able to protect gastric epithelial cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death with antiapoptotic and antioxidant activity. In addition, it shows that the processing of GF, which have been traditionally used for gastrointestinal protection, partially have scientific validity.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2023

Objective : Gardeniae Fructus (GF) is the ripe fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellisa with a bitter taste and cold properties. Ingredient compounds including geniposide are known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of GF on tBHP-induced PC12 cells. Methods : Cell viability was measured by the MTT assay, and apoptosis was determined by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The expression level of each protein was monitored by Western blot analysis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed using DCFH-DA. Results : In PC12 cells, tBHP induced cell death through apoptosis with caspase activation and PARP inactivation. Cells treated with tBHP showed an increase in intracellular ROS and depletion of GSH. Pretreatment with GF prevented tBHP-induced apoptosis, reduced ROS, and increased GSH. GF also maintained increased Nrf2 expression in the presence of tBHP. Phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK was increased by tBHP, whereas phosphorylation of ERK was decreased. GF restored changes in ERK and p38 phosphorylation, but not JNK phosphorylation. Conclusion : These results indicate that GF has neuroprotective effects through anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects mediated by regulation of Nrf2 expression and phosphorylation of ERK and p38. It also demonstrates the potential use of GF as a source of antioxidant and neuroprotective substances.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.145-156
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• 2023

Objectives : This study aimed to select candidate herbal medicines to be used in preclinical studies of cerebral infarction using the network pharmacology research method. Methods : Oral bioavailability (OB), drug likeness (DL), Caco-2, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability were employed in this study's network pharmacology analysis method to choose compounds with potential efficacy. The following formulas were utilized for the values of each variable used in this study: OB ≥ 20%, DL ≥ 0.18, Caco-2 ≥ 0, and BBB ≥ -0.3. The relationships between target proteins and diseases that are assumed to be involved in the chosen bioavailable chemicals were built in a network manner using the aforementioned factors, and proteins thought to play a significant role were identified. Results : Sudan III was obtained as a result of selecting compounds related to ischemic stroke in consideration of pharmacokinetic characteristics such as digestion and absorption and practicality using the TCMSP database. Medicinal herbs Gardeniae Fructus (GF) contains sudan III, and it was confirmed that compounds in GF were highly related to brain diseases, and the mechanism involved through the KEGG pathway was confirmed. GF, which has sudan III related to ischemic stroke and is also involved in other neurological diseases, is expected to be used for ischemic stroke treatment. Conclusions : GF has been predicted to have potential for ischemic stroke treatment, and can be used for future preclinical studies.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2004

Geniposide and its related iridoid compounds have been used in traditional herbal medicine for thε treatment of Jaundice hepatic diseases and various inflammatorys. For the purpose to increase trandsdermal absorption, the hydrolyzed products of Gardeniae Furctus were identified and assayed of active ingredients and investigated trandsdermal absorption and anti-inflammatory effects. Geniposide was hydrolyzed to genipin by ${\beta}-glucosidase$ and it was suggested that genipin was more suitable form than geniposide for transdermal absorption by its lipophilic property. Using Franz type diffusion cell and the skin of hairless mouse, the permeation rate of hydrolyzed products and their emulsion preparation were determined. Genipin have more increased absorption ratio through the skin of hairless mouse than geniposide. Also, the emulsion of hydrolyzed products of extracts showed higher permeability than that of nonhydrolyzed preparations. After 9 hours $280.85\;{\mu}g/cm^2$ of genipin was absorbed and $193.52\;{\mu}g/cm^2$ in case of geniposide. The Js of geniposide and genipin were $26.27{\pm}4.11\;{\mu}g/cm^2/hr$ and $40.35{\pm}5.04\;{\mu}g/cm^2/hr$ respectively. After carrageenan injection, the swelling was increased repidly to 24 hr and maintained as plateau. but emulsion group weer reached about 2.5 mL and the swelling decreased successively form 24 hr to 72 hr. The anti-inflammation effects of extracts and hydrolyzed products emulsion were increased with significant difference with control group after 24 hr, 48 hr and 72 hr. In carrageenan induced edema, inhibition of swelling was increased in case of hydrolyzed product emulsion compare with nonhydrolyzed group at 24 hr, 48 hr and 72 hr after swelling. In histological study, the anti-inflammatory effects of hydrolyzed products were remarkable at 48 hr and 72 hr compare with nonhydrolyzed. Hydrolyzed products of Gardeniae Fructus extracts containing genipin would be a suitable preparation to increase the transdermal absorption and anti-inflammatory effects.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.282-287
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• 2008

추출용매를 달리하여 마이크로웨이브로 추출한 치자의 생리활성을 측정하였다. 치자를 물, 50% 및 100% 에탄올을 용매로 하여 마이크로웨이브로 추출하였고, 이의 생리활성을 측정하였다. 세 종류의 추출용매 중 50% 에탄올 추출구의 생리활성이 다른 추출구에 비해 높은 경향이었으며 100% 에탄올 추출구의 활성은 낮은 편이었다. 전자공여능은 0.6 mg/mL 농도일 때 50% 에탄올 추출물의 활성이 $96.43{\pm}0.25%$로 0.1, 1% L-ascorbic acid와 유사한 활성이 있었고, 아질산염 소거능은 $71.99{\pm}3.71%$로 0.1, 1% L-ascorbic acid에는 못 미쳤지만 0.01% L-ascorbic acid보다 우수한 활성이 있었다. 티로시나아제 저해활성은 $11{\sim}19%$로 모든 추출물에서 20% 미만의 낮은 활성을 보였고 물과 50% 에탄올 추출구는 농도에 반비례하여 활성이 증가하는 양상이었다. SOD 유사활성도 티로시나아제 저해활성과 유사한 결과로 모든 추출구가 농도 증가에 따라 활성이 감소하였으며 전체적으로 40% 미만의 활성이 있었다. 결론적으로 치자 추출물은 SOD 유사활성 및 티로시나아제 저해 효과는 높지 않지만 우수한 전자공여능과 아질산염 소거능이 있는 것으로 판단되므로 천연 항산화제로서 이용될 수 있는 가능성이 있었다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.220-232
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• 2003

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of HwangRyunHaeDok-Tang and combinations of constituent herbs on the arterial contraction. Methods : In order to investigate the effects Scutellariae Radix. Coptidis Rhizoma, Phellodendri Cortex and Gardeniae Fructus, in which one of them, two of them, and all of them, were used to exam. Results : The results were summarized as follows; 1. HwangRyunHaeDok-Tang significantly inhibited the contraction of artery induced by Norepinephrine(NE). However the atonic effect was slightly blunted when the vascular endothelial cell was removed. No significant change in the atonic effect of HwangRyunHaeDok-Tang was found when $_L-NNA$ was used as a preliminary treatment. These results indicate that the vascular atonic effect by HwangRyunHaeDok-Tang is slightly dependent on the endothelial cell, and that the HwangRyunHaeDok-Tang works directly to the vascular smooth muscle in creating the vascular atonic effect. 2. The pretreatment of HwangRyunHaeDok-Tang extract significantly inhibited the contractile response to additive application of $Ca^{2+}$ in the strips which were contracted by NE in $Ca^{2+}$-free solution. 3. HwangRyunHaeDok-Tang extract increased the contraction of arterial smooth muscle induced by KCl. Therefore, it can be concluded that HwangRyunHaeDok-Tang may block the NE-receptor or receptor-operated $Ca^{2+}$ channel. 4. It was determined that Scutellariae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex among the ingredients of HwangRyunHaeDok-Tang have a vascular atonic effect. In addition, those ingredients plays a role in strengthening the atonic effect by working with other herbal medicines. Gardeniae Fructus causes the blood vessel to contract. but it does not influence the atonic effects of other herbal medicines. However Gardeniae Fructus tends to inhibit the vascular atonic effect of Phellodendri Cortex. Conclusion : Based on the above results, it can be said that HwangRyunHaeDok-Tang can be applied to cure hypertension considering those three herbs have significant effects of relaxation.

• 생약학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.308-311
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• 2007

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and amyloid beta(1-42) peptide is good drug targets for Alzheimer's disease therapeutics. Among the twenty enthusiasm reducing herbals, the 70% methanol extracts (1 mg/ml) of Moutan Radicis Cortex and Forsythiae Fructus showed 91.5% and 85.3% about acethylcholinesterase inhibition, respectively. The extracts (1 mg/ml) of Coptidis Rhizoma and Paeoniae Radix Rubra showed more than 85% inhibition rate against amyloid beta (1-42) peptide aggregation. The neuroprotective effect of the extracts (1 mg/ml) of Moutan Radicis Cortex, Forsythiae Fructus and Paeoniae Radix Rubra showed 90.0%, 87.4% and 85.1% to compare with amyloid beta (1-42) peptide treated cells (IMR-32), respectively. Three herbs, Moutan Radicis Cortex, Forsythiae Fructus and Paeoniae Radix Rubra are promising candidates from natural products for development of Alzheimer's disease therapeutics.