• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.3 s.39
• /
• pp.94-104
• /
• 1999

Objectives: Hepatoma is a very serious disease in Korea and worldwide. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has proved the most significant cause of hepatoma. We carried out this study to investigate the effect of Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenqinggan -tang) on inhibiting cell proliferation and DNA synthesis in HepG2.2.15 cell lines and on inhibiting phosphorilation of oncogene (MAP kinase) in NIT /3T3-HEx cells. Methods: First we confinned the Hepatitis B virus producing ability of HepG2.2.15 cells. To investigate the anti-cancer effect of Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenqinggan-tang), we did the NTS/PMS assay, [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay and transfection of pcDNA-X. We also measured the gene expression through western blotting. Results: Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenqing gan tang) showed the suppressing effect of HepG2.2.l5 increase in the MTS/PMS assay and the inhibiting effect of DNA synthesis of HepG2.2.15 in the [3H] thymidine incorporation assay. Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenqinggan-tang) also showed the inhibiting phosphorilation effect of MAP kinase in HBV -X genes. Conclusions: From the above Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenqinggan-tang) is thought to have an anti-cancer effect on the hepatoma from HBV. It is suggested that further studies on this prescription would give us a better medicine with an anti-cancer effect.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.1 s.31
• /
• pp.447-464
• /
• 1996

Hyperemesis gravidarum is one of the most common symptom in the early pregnancy and if it cause severe malnutrition by means of heavy vomiting as a basic sign of disease of pregnant syndrome, appropriate treatments are necessary. In the clinics the methods of treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum include herb-medication usually. But herb-medication therapy is rather difficult because during pregnancy it may cause vomiting by the smell and taste of herbs. So the author investigated the literatures referred to the external treatments of hyperemesis gravidarum excluding herb-medication and the results obtained here were as follows. 1. The external methods of treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum are various and include moxibustion, the method of applying drug at the umbilicus, ear-acupuncture method, pressure massage therapy, naso-spray method, acupoint injection, intervenous injection 2. Among the external methods of treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum , the method of applying drug at the umbilicus is most variable and almost all prescriptions use Zingiber officinalis Rose, characteristically. 3. Ear-pressure massage method to treat the hyperemesis gravidarum uses the car-acupoints of Gan, We, Shin-mun, Gyo-gam. 4. Among the external methods of treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum , moxibustion, pressure massage, and acupoint injection select frequently Nae-gwan(PC6), Chok-samni(ST36) and Chung-wan(CV12). 5. In the both the internal and external methods of treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum one have to differentiate syndromes in the viewpoint of oriental medicine and treat with the principls of treatment and prescriptions which are fit to each differentiation model under the principle of regulating the stomach and relieving vomiting.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.216-220
• /
• 2011

Background: Transforaminal epidural steroid injection is one of the effective treatments in managing radicular pain. There have been some prospective studies on the depth to the epidural space with the transforaminal approach. However, there have been no studies about the depth in Asians, especially Koreans. This study was carried out in order to evaluate the depth to the epidural space and the oblique angle and factors that influence the depth to the epidural space during lumbar transforaminal epidural injection. Methods: A total of 248 patients undergoing fluoroscopically guided transforaminal epidural steroid injections were evaluated. At the L3-4, L4-5, L5-S1, and S1 levels, we measured the oblique angle and depth to the epidural space. Results: Needle depth was positively associated with body mass index (correlation coefficient 0.52, P = 0.004). The median depths (in centimeters) to the epidural space were 6.13 cm, 6.42 cm, and 7.13 cm for 50-60 kg, 60-70 kg, and 70-80 kg groups, respectively, at L5-S1. Age and height were not significantly associated with the needle depth. Conclusions: There is a positive association between the BMI (and weight) and transforaminal epidural depth but not with age, sex, and height.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.255-278
• /
• 1992

Based on recent 27 document, reported in Huang Ti Nei Ching, the following results concering the tongue and Tongue-acupuncture were obtained: 1. It was observed that the tongue has direct or indirect connection with the Heart meridian, the Liver meridian, the Spleen meridian, the Kidney meridian, the Triple energizer meridian and the Stomach meridian. 2. The Tongue-acupunccture, needlingon tongue, is one of new acupunctures treating general disorder and 31 acu-points have been found; 17 points on the upper part and 14 points on the lower part of the tongue. 3. The Tongue-acupuncture is employed by dividing the tongue into threeregions; Sangcho area(下焦穴), Jungcho area(中焦穴) and Hacho area(下焦穴). Each region cures its own corresponding symptoms. 4. The upper part of the tongue is divided into 4 regions by the sidelines along with Chuy Cheon(聚泉), So Jang Hyul(小腸穴) and Dae Jang Hyul(大腸穴). Sangcho area(上焦穴) includes Sim Hyul(心穴), Pye Hyul(肺穴), Sang Gi Hyul(上肢穴) and Jungcho area(中焦穴) includes Ui Hyul(胃穴), Bi Hyul(脾穴), Dam Hyul(膽穴) and Hacho area(下焦穴) includes Gan Hyul(肝穴), Bang Kwang Hyul(膀胱), Sin Hyul(腎穴) and the inner region includes Yim Hyul(陰穴), Ha Gi Hyul(下肢穴), on The lower part of the tongue, there are aec Hyul(額穴), Mok Hyul(目穴), Bi Hyul(鼻穴), I Hyul(耳穴), In Hu Hyul(咽喉穴) in contrast with the face above the center of the tongue as well as Gi Maek Hyul(支脈穴), Hae Chun Hyul(海泉), Gyum Gin Ok Aek(金津玉液), Seol Ha Hyul(舌下穴), Seol Gu(舌柱), Joa Chun Hyul(佐泉穴), Sin Gyun Hyul(神根穴), Jung Gu(中矩), Aek Bang Hyul(液旁穴). 5. The Tongue-acupuncture can be applied to the disease internal medicine, surgery, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, gynecology, musculoskeletal system, symptomatology.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.10-24
• /
• 2000

1. Objectives : Millions of people throuout the world are affected by some form of dry eye disorder. I made researches for more effective treatments for dry eye. 2. Methodes : I refered to occidental and oriental medical records. 3. The results were as follows : Common symptoms of dry eye are dryness, burning, irritation, grittiness, itching, fatigue of eye, photophobia, congestion, mattering and tear. Treatments of dry eye are to clear away heat and fire, remove dampness, replenish Um and promote production of body fluid, tonify the blood and replenish Ki. Acupunctre and moxibustion therapy of dry eye are as follows: Very busy points of traditional regular acupuncture are Sangsong, Chanjuk, Sajukkong, Chongmyong, Sabaek, Tongjaryo, Taeyang, Pungji, Tuimup, Paekoe, Un-gyo, Chonjong, Hapkok, Yangbaek, Kansu, Yanggye, Imup, Chok-samni, Taechung, Kwangmyong, Yang-gok, Uihui, Chohae, Haenggan. Less busy points of it are Oyo, Kuhu, Sungup, Konmyong, Konmyongl, Konmyong2, Sangmyong, SanghaChongmyong, Shinmyong, Osang, Shinjong, Yonghyang, Yaemyong, Chon-yu, Chon-ju, Kwallye, Naebi, Noeho, Tuyu, Mokchang, Ponshin, Shinhoe, Yepung, Okchim, Pungbu, Kokchon, Kollyun, Nae-gwan, Tae-nung, Samumgyo, Sokolkong, Shinsu, Um-gyo, Igan, Chongok, Choktaek, Kyonjungsu, Kokchi, Kongchoe, Kyuum, Kihae, Taekolkong, Taedon, Pino, Pisu, Sabong, Samgan, Kokchi, Shinmun, Shinmaek, Shimsu, Yangno, Aengmun, Yolgyol, Oegwan, Wijung, Chang-gan, Chungjo, Chungdo, Chigu, Chium, Chollyo, Tongni, Pungmun, Haryom. Very busy points of ear-acupuncture are Kan, Bi, Shin, An, Less busy points of it are Shim, Pye, Naebunbe, Mok1, Mok2, Shinmun, Ichom. Useful points of bleeding by needle are Taeyang meridian, Yangmyong meridian, Chono, Chonjong, Paekoe, Sangsong, Chanjuk, Sajukkong, nasal cavity. Useful points of moxibustion are Inchung, Huaryo, Shinchu, Pungmun, Kansu, Shimsu, Kokchi, Kongchoe, Sohae.

• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 2020

This paper presents a 3-level, 2-level SVPWM technique with 100 kHz switching using Verilog HDL, one of the languages of FPGA. In the case of IGBT devices mainly used in inverters, they have a switching frequency around 20kHz. Recent research and development of next-generation power semiconductor devices such as GAN has enabled switching of more than 100kHz, which can miniaturize power converters, and apply various new algorithms due to the injection of harmonics. In the existing system using the IGBT, the control using the DSP is common, but the controller configuration for 100 kHz switching requires the use of FPGA. Therefore, this paper explains the theory and implementation of SVPWM applied to two-level and three-level inverters using FPGAs and verifies the performance through the output waveform. In addition, this paper implements 3-level SVPWM by using only one carrier instead of using two carriers in the conventional method.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.188-194
• /
• 2012

Cognitive networks (CNs) are capable of enabling dynamic spectrum allocation, and thus constitute a promising technology for future wireless communication. Whereas, the implementation of CN will lead to the requirement of an increased energy-arrival rate, which is a significant parameter in energy harvesting design of a cognitive user (CU) device. A well-designed spectrum-sensing scheme will lower the energy-arrival rate that is required and enable CNs to self-sustain, which will also help alleviate global warming. In this paper, spectrum sensing in a multi-user cognitive ad hoc network with a wide-band spectrum is considered. Based on the prospective spectrum sensing, we classify CN operation into two modes: Distributed and centralized. In a distributed network, each CU conducts spectrum sensing for its own data transmission, while in a centralized network, there is only one cognitive cluster header which performs spectrum sensing and broadcasts its sensing results to other CUs. Thus, a wide-band spectrum that is divided into multiple sub-channels can be sensed simultaneously in a distributed manner or sequentially in a centralized manner. We consider the energy consumption for spectrum sensing only of an analog-to-digital convertor (ADC). By formulating energy consumption for spectrum sensing in terms of the sub-channel sampling rate and whole-band sensing time, the sampling rate and whole-band sensing time that are optimal for minimizing the total energy consumption within sensing reliability constraints are obtained. A power dissipation model of an ADC, which plays an important role in formulating the energy efficiency problem, is presented. Using AD9051 as an ADC example, our numerical results show that the optimal sensing parameters will achieve a reduction in the energy-arrival rate of up to 97.7% and 50% in a distributed and a centralized network, respectively, when comparing the optimal and worst-case energy consumption for given system settings.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.670-677
• /
• 2019

As the presence of background noise in acoustic signal degrades the performance of speech or acoustic event recognition, it is still challenging to extract noise-robust acoustic features from noisy signal. In this paper, we propose a combined structure of Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network (WGAN) and MultiTask AutoEncoder (MTAE) as deep learning architecture that integrates the strength of MTAE and WGAN respectively such that it estimates not only noise but also speech features from noisy acoustic source. The proposed MTAE-WGAN structure is used to estimate speech signal and the residual noise by employing a gradient penalty and a weight initialization method for Leaky Rectified Linear Unit (LReLU) and Parametric ReLU (PReLU). The proposed MTAE-WGAN structure with the adopted gradient penalty loss function enhances the speech features and subsequently achieve substantial Phoneme Error Rate (PER) improvements over the stand-alone Deep Denoising Autoencoder (DDAE), MTAE, Redundant Convolutional Encoder-Decoder (R-CED) and Recurrent MTAE (RMTAE) models for robust speech recognition.

• Acta Via Serica
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.31-47
• /
• 2017

The corridors to the north and south of the $Takl{\bar{a}}m{\bar{a}}k{\bar{a}}n$ (塔克拉瑪干 Ta-ke-la-ma-gan) Desert are the most important regions for cultural confluence on the Silk Road, where caravans made it to the Chinese capital or the Korean Peninsula by the northern road, through the city of Turfan, or the southern path of Khutan. Being an important part of the Silk Road in the course of history, this region was heavily influenced by the cultures of various nations and ethnic communities whose merchants utilized the road to advance their business. The region's language, writing system and literary structure were also affected, so much so that in the course of its tumultuous history, many words, phrases and terms belonging to neighboring cultures found their way into the region, leaving their mark on its linguistic structure. Of the cultural exchanges that took place between the peoples of the region, conspicuous traces can be seen in the architecture, music, literature, texts, and inscriptions. Located in the Turfan region, the minaret of Su Gong (蘇公 Su Gong ) is host to an inscription which bears many signs of such exchanges. As so far no independent research has been conducted to identify the cultural, literary and structural features conveyed in this inscription, the present paper is an attempt to study the inscription in terms of the script, language and syntax in order to unravel the effects of cultures prevalent on the Silk Road on this particular inscription. This study mainly aims to investigate the linguistic structure of the inscription and the impact of the Persian language on Silk Road culture. In fact, we approach the inscription as a symbol of cultural exchange on the Silk Road and will focus on the tradition of Persian inscription-making which affected the Turfan inscription.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 2002

As mentioned above, I have acquired some valuable results about medical treatment with acupuncture and Moxibustion of "Flank pain" after studying oriental medical books. The results were like below : 1. Medical treatment with acupunctures of Flank pain belonged to the Urinary Bladder Meridian of Foot Taiyang, the Liver Meridian of Foot Jueyin, the Gall Bladder Meridian of Foot Shaoyang. 2. Medical treatment with acupunctures of Flank pain used to Yang-laung-chan(陽陵泉), Gi-gu(地溝), Gi-mun(期門), Kan-su(肝兪) in turn. 3. Medical treatment with Ear acupunctures of Flank pain used to Dam(膽), Sin-mun(神門), Gan(肝)in turn. 4. Acupuncture point of Flank pain were lower limb part, chest and abdominal part. back part in turn. 5. Medical treatment with Moxibustion of Flank pain was the most Jang-mun(章門)