• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.439-452
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• 2022

This study aimed to explore the relationships between random item usage and gaming disorder tendency. A total of 413 adults participated and demographic and psychosocial variables were collected using Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and Daily Hassles Scale for Korean Worker. The results are as follows. First, two-third of gamers used the random item games and women are more engaged than men in random item games. Second, there were significant differences of gaming disorder tendency, game use time, and game use money (both for general and random item) depending on the item use type. Third, predictors of gaming disorder tendency were found as game use money (general), game use time, maladaptive emotion regulation, stress, novelty seeking, and stress using multiple regression analysis. Proper intervention for gaming disorder tendency and the need of further research were discussed.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2020

The WHO has defined gaming disorder as a disorder, and there are arguments for and against it from different perspectives. In response, this paper tried to identify the disease model, psychosocial, and cultural perspective for complementing them with an interdisciplinary attitude. First, universal prevention should be provided for general game users to get literacy. Second, selective prevention should be provided for a potentially risky group to find out the alternative activity. Finally, indicated prevention should be provided for a risky group to be treated.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.91-106
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• 2021

This study examined how news has covered games since the decision to include gaming disorder in ICD-11. Data were 694 news article on games in five major newspapers. The results indicated the following: While the proportion of reports on game industry was high, those reports were mainly straight news announcing industry status and corporate management status. Reports on game policy focused on regulations, particularly game addiction or disorder. Reports on game uses and effects showed very low rates, but they have followed the existing practices of reporting games as the cause of extreme crimes and deviant behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.75-85
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• 2015

Internet gaming disorder (IGD), one of the common subtypes of internet addiction, is now classified in Section 3 of DSM-5 and is increasingly regarded as a growing health concern in many parts of the world. Consequently, many psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological approaches have been considered and some research regarding therapeutic strategies has been conducted. However, treatment of IGD is in its early stages and therefore is not yet well established. This article reviews multiple therapeutic modalities including our own treatment model for IGD according to clinical and biological effects, thus providing suggestions for standard treatment strategies. The two main streams are psychopharmacological treatment and cognitive-behavior treatment, and the cognitive-behavior approach includes cognitive reconstruction, psychoeducation, and parenting coach. Many other non-pharmacological treatments are also recommended for personalized treatment of IGD.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.3-12
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• 2020

This study examined a pathological gaming model based on escape model. With a data set collected from 825 Korean adolescents, the associations among academic stress, depression, self-esteem, self-control, and pathological gaming were tested. Academic stress increased the degree of depression while it decreased self-esteem and self-control. The declined self-control, in turn, exacerbated pathological gaming. Results and implicaitons were discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.425-439
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• 2019

This study looks at the social implications of gaming disorder by considering the situation in Korea. Focusing on specificity of game genres, this study analyzed two aspects of the game playing effect-positive(cognitive needs) and negative(game addiction)-and suggested directions for game regulation policies and game addiction studies, since game playing effects are closely related to game regulatory policy. To analyze game effects and attitudes to regulations, this study performed regression analysis based on the online survey. Results show that game playing effects and attitudes toward game regulation differ based on the nature of game genres. While longer gaming increased the effect of addiction, it also increased cognitive needs. Playing roleplaying, Aeon of Strife, and strategy game genres(RAS), which are subject to game regulation, increased game addiction levels but simultaneously contributed to increased cognitive needs. While playing augmented reality genres positively affected cognitive needs, it also showed favorable attitudes to general game regulation.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.52-58
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• 2017

Due to the increasing use of the internet, various social problems have been emerging, and one of them is internet gaming disorder (IGD). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether low internal motivation was present in IGD and basic psychological needs affected internal motivation. Twenty-one individuals with IGD and 21 healthy controls performed a 'motivation task' in which the avatar in virtual reality asked whether they would accept an activity in two conditions stimulating intrinsic or extrinsic motivation. The task performance was compared between the two groups, and was correlated with the Basic Psychological Needs Scale scores. Patients had a significantly lower acceptance rate of the proposal in the intrinsic motivation condition than controls, and this intrinsic motivated tendency was correlated with the satisfaction in their basic psychological needs. As with other substance use disorders, IGD was associated with a lower level of internal motivation, which was related to the dissatisfaction of basic psychological needs such as autonomy, competence, and relationship.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.79-87
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• 2018

Objectives Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is known to be related to stress and the serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) that is known to be associated with stress and has been studied to affect various psychiatric illness outbreaks. We tried to examine the relationship between stress, 5-HTTLPR and IGD. Methods A total of 59 participants with IGD, diagnosed according to the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria and 67 normal controls (NC) were enrolled. The IGD group and the NC were compared using chisquare test and independent sample t-test, and logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between stress, the 5-HTTLPR, and IGD. Results The mean scores for anxiety, impulsivity and stress were significantly higher in the IGD group than in the NC. In addition, there was a significant association between stress and IGD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.172, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.008-1.362]. Conclusions This study showed that stress would affect IGD. Therefore, the evaluation and management of stress should be included in the diagnosis and treatment of IGD.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.199-208
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• 2019

The escape theory is the theory of problem behavior such as suicide. The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of gaming disorder, which has been attracting attention as a typical youth problem, through escape theory. Suicide theory is a process in which the problem triggered by the negative external environment flows into internal attribution and self-criticism, and this leads to a process leading to problematic behavior with disgust self-awareness. This process was applied to the environment, psychology, and behavior of adolescents. As a result, the lack of affection and consistency of the parents resulted in negative external environment, which affected the self-esteem of children by creating a negative external environment. And low self-esteem caused negative emotions, lowered self control, and confirmed to induce game addiction. The results of this analysis show that game addiction has a structure similar to obsessive behaviors such as binge eating and shopping addiction explained through the escape theory model and it is necessary to concentrate more on the environmental psychological factors for game addiction research.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.144-148
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• 2018

Objectives: Previous studies have reported that internet addiction (IA) is associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) consistently. However, in terms of gender, there are controversial findings. We aimed to investigate the relation between IA and self-acknowledged ADHD traits among female college students in Japan. Methods: The study questionnaire consisted of questions about demographics, Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale-V1.1 Part A (ADHD screener) and Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT). When four or more items are more frequent than the cut-off on ADHD screener, the subject was categorized into students with a positive ADHD screen. We defined students with total IAT score of 70 and higher as IA. Results: A total number of respondents was 369 (mean age: $19.0{\pm}0.7years$). Seventy-seven subjects were screened positive on ADHD screener (20.9%). Students with a positive ADHD screen scored significantly higher on the IAT ($54.2{\pm}14.2$ vs. $42.5{\pm}11.3$). The rates of IA in students with and without a positive ADHD screen were 18.2% and 1.0%, respectively. Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrated the relation between IA and self-evaluated ADHD traits among female college students in Japan. Appropriate education for students on how to use the internet properly will be necessary to prevent IA.