• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.147-187
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• 2008

Online game researchers focus on the flow and factors influencing flow. Flow is conceptualized as an optimal experience state and useful explaining game experience in online. Many game studies focused on the customer loyalty and flow in playing online game, In showing specific game experience, however, it doesn't examine multidimensional experience process. Flow is not construct which show absorbing process, but construct which show absorbing result. Hence, Flow is not adequate to examine multidimensional experience of games. Online game is included in hedonic consumption. Hedonic consumption is a relatively new field of study in consumer research and it explores the consumption experience as a experiential view(Hirschman and Holbrook 1982). Hedonic consumption explores the consumption experience not as an information processing event but from a phenomenological of experiential view, which is a primarily subjective state. It includes various playful leisure activities, sensory pleasures, daydreams, esthetic enjoyment, and emotional responses. In online game experience, therefore, it is right to access through a experiential view of hedonic consumption. The objective of this paper was to make up for lacks in our understanding of online game experience by developing a framework for better insight into the hedonic experience of online game. We developed this framework by integrating and extending existing research in marketing, online game and hedonic responses. We then discussed several expectations for this framework. We concluded by discussing the results of this study, providing general recommendation and directions for future research. In hedonic response research, Lacher's research(1994)and Jongho lee and Yunhee Jung' research (2005;2006) has served as a fundamental starting point of our research. A common element in this extended research is the repeated identification of the four hedonic responses: sensory response, imaginal response, emotional response, analytic response. The validity of these four constructs finds in research of music(Lacher 1994) and movie(Jongho lee and Yunhee Jung' research 2005;2006). But, previous research on hedonic response didn't show that constructs of hedonic response have cause-effect relation. Also, although hedonic response enable to different by stimulus properties. effects of stimulus properties is not showed. To fill this gap, while largely based on Lacher(1994)' research and Jongho Lee and Yunhee Jung(2005, 2006)' research, we made several important adaptation with the primary goal of bringing the model into online game and compensating lacks of previous research. We maintained the same construct proposed by Lacher et al.(1994), with four constructs of hedonic response:sensory response, imaginal response, emotional response, analytical response. In this study, the sensory response is typified by some physical movement(Yingling 1962), the imaginal response is typified by images, memories, or situations that game evokes(Myers 1914), and the emotional response represents the feelings one experiences when playing game, such as pleasure, arousal, dominance, finally, the analytical response is that game player engaged in cognition seeking while playing game(Myers 1912). However, this paper has several important differences. We attempted to suggest multi-dimensional experience process in online game and cause-effect relation among hedonic responses. Also, We investigated moderate effects of perceived complexity. Previous studies about hedonic responses didn't show influences of stimulus properties. According to Berlyne's theory(1960, 1974) of aesthetic response, perceived complexity is a important construct because it effects pleasure. Pleasure in response to an object will increase with increased complexity, to an optimal level. After that, with increased complexity, pleasure begins with a linearly increasing line for complexity. Therefore, We expected this perceived complexity will influence hedonic response in game experience. We discussed the rationale for these suggested changes, the assumptions of the resulting framework, and developed some expectations based on its application in Online game context. In the first stage of methodology, questions were developed to measure the constructs. We constructed a survey measuring our theoretical constructs based on a combination of sources, including Yingling(1962), Hargreaves(1962), Lacher (1994), Jongho Lee and Yunhee Jung(2005, 2006), Mehrabian and Russell(1974), Pucely et al(1987). Based on comments received in the pretest, we made several revisions to arrive at our final survey. We investigated the proposed framework through a convenience sample, where participation in a self-report survey was solicited from various respondents having different knowledges. All respondents participated to different degrees, in these habitually practiced activities and received no compensation for their participation. Questionnaires were distributed to graduates and we used 381 completed questionnaires to analysis. The sample consisted of more men(n=225) than women(n=156). In measure, the study used multi-item scales based previous study. We analyze the data using structural equation modeling(LISREL-VIII; Joreskog and Sorbom 1993). First, we used the entire sample(n=381) to refine the measures and test their convergent and discriminant validity. The evidence from both the factor analysis and the analysis of reliability provides support that the scales exhibit internal consistency and construct validity. Second, we test the hypothesized structural model. And, we divided the sample into two different complexity group and analyze the hypothesized structural model of each group. The analysis suggest that hedonic response plays different roles from hypothesized in our study. The results indicate that hedonic response-sensory response, imaginal response, emotional response, analytical response- are related positively to respondents' level of game satisfaction. And game satisfaction is related to higher levels of game loyalty. Additionally, we found that perceived complexity is important to online game experience. Our results suggest that importance of each hedonic response different by perceived game complexity. Understanding the role of perceived complexity in hedonic response enables to have a better understanding of underlying mechanisms at game experience. If game has high complexity, analytical response become important response. So game producers or marketers have to consider more cognitive stimulus. Controversy, if game has low complexity, sensorial response respectively become important. Finally, we discussed several limitations of our study and suggested directions for future research. we concluded with a discussion of managerial implications. Our study provides managers with a basis for game strategies.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.589-600
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to verify the analysis of differences between importance and satisfaction of destination attractiveness for the national marine sports games using IPA method. By doing so, this study aimed to utilize the result of study for a practical marketing strategy in operating and establishing Korean marine sports market circumstances. The participants of this study consisted of 328 who were participated in marine sport event (yacht, fin-swimming, canoe, triathlon and so on) of 9th national marine sports games. Samples were extracted by convenient sampling method. A total 328 questionnaires were collected in this study except data which did not respond or trustless responded. In data processing, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, frequency analysis, paired t-test and Importance-Performance Analysis were performed through SPSS 20.0. The results were as follows. First, I quadrant included Programs Multiplicity, Pamphlet, Stand preparations, Food Cleanliness, Effective Progress, Guide Know-How, Food taste. Third, II quadrant included Pre-Publicity, Internet Information, Proper Food Price, Shade Facilities, Convenient Parking, Restroom Cleanliness, Number of Restroom, Safety Facilities. Fourth, III quadrant included Entertaining Program, Number of Guide, Local Culture, Game Progress, Directional Sign. Fifth, IV quadrant included Performance Program, Well-Matched Event, View Distance, Various Food.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.29-38
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a named entity and event annotation tool for cultural heritage information corpus construction. Focusing on time, location, person, and event suitable for cultural heritage information management, the annotator writes the named entities and events with the proposed tool. In order to easily annotate the named entities and the events, the proposed tool automatically annotates the location information such as the line number or the word number, and shows the corresponding string, formatted as both bold and italic, in the raw text. For the purpose of reducing the costs of the manual annotation, the proposed tool utilizes the patterns to automatically recognize the named entities. Considering the very little training corpus, the proposed tool extracts simple rule patterns. To avoid error propagation, the proposed patterns are extracted from the raw text without any additional process. Experimental results show that the proposed tool reduces more than half of the manual annotation costs.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.87-122
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• 2020

This study explores the method of representation of traumatic history in 2D horror game Detention developed by Taiwan game production company Red Candle through an analysis of its method of storytelling. Unlike conventional public media, video/digital games are based on interactivity, in which game players engage in the narratives. Thus, the relationship between players and the history in the game world may also change. This research investigates how the players build their way of remembering and recognizing the past in a different relationship. Detention, which was well received, not only in Taiwan but also around the world upon its launch in 2017, is set in a middle school during the martial law era in Taiwan in the 1960s. In the game, the main character encounters her lost memories in the process of following clues and game rules, and finally realizes she is implicated in the 1960s' event. Detention was cinematized after the success of the game. The film achieved enormous popularity both in terms of box office success and criticism. In this paper, the strategy of the game's storytelling is introduced in comparison to the film's approach in the representation of historical events. In particular, the paper explores elements such as the interactivity of the game medium, narrative fragmentation, quests, hints and cues, and the horror genre, that asks users to understand history beyond the game world differently from the point of view of other media. Though this study, it can be considered that the digital game is a medium exploring history in a serious manner. In particular, Detention invokes the matter of game-mnemonics as well as cine-mnemonics. Compared to plentiful research in cine-mnemonics, game-mnemonics has not been extensively studied to date. Therefore, through the analysis of Detention, this paper explores the relationship between digital games, history and memory.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.181-189
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• 2013

Space in the past had characteristics of place which are required for specific behavior to be done as we recognized it easily. However, for space in modern times, the purpose, forms and behavior space has, have changed as tools comprising the space have changed. 'Virtual space' which has been a conversation topic recently is unspecific and changeable space whose forms and geological location are not defined clearly. In addition, behaviors caused by this virtual space in combination with real space are taking place. The nature of Flash Mob which is one of the typical behaviors which take place starting from virtual space to be connected with real space, is that it is intangible game culture whose forms and behaviors are not fixed, and it is not limited to a specific place. Besides, Flash Mob is characteristic of representing game culture in modern society, and its nature can be summarized as temporariness, non-placeness, anonymity, double-sidedness and so forth. Since events generally take place in every place when man is involved in space, it's possible to generally think events derived from interpersonal relationships between man and man. We are to study spatial characteristics of Flash Mob by analyzing features and cases of the Flash Mob by means of them.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.109-123
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• 2006

Cosplay is compound of 'costume' and 'play' and teenagerses disguise equally with populace star or cartoon master who like and it is typical culture of character generation as play that imitate to dress and hair style, gestures. Type of cosplay costume get devided as following according to cosplay object. Animation cosplay costume represent person who appear in cartoon and animation equally. Fan cosplay costume imitates entertainer or celebrity. Game cosplay costume represent character of internet on-line Same. Movie cosplay costume is more realistic than animation or game Character as that imitate moviestar. Character cosplay costume is used by commerce purpose brand or event. Characteristics that appeared commonly in types of cosplay costume are as following. First, cosplay costume is consisted of peculiar mechanism that cosplayer perform series progress such as work selection, design development, manufacture, production, acting alone in aspect of Performance costume. Second, according to cosplay object, degree of representation became different. Character is stronger, because the characteristic is emphasized, tendency that degree of reproduction becomes low showed. Third, cosplayer's distiction appeared according to material selection, design development method and analysis.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.85-94
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• 2020

AI-based smart factory technologies are only increase short-term productivity. To solve this problem, collaborative intelligence combines human teamwork, creativity, AI speed, and accuracy to actively compensate for each other's shortcomings. However, current automation equipmens require high safety measures due to the high disaster intensity in the event of an accident. In this paper, we design and implement a factory safety control system that uses a depth camera to implement workers and facilities in the virtual world and to determine the safety of workers through simulation.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2021

This study investigated the link between esports spectators and their tourism intention using value-attitude-behaviour hierachy(VAB) and co-branding. We've conducted a survey on Chinese who had a direct spectator experience on esports. Using a total of 311 samples, this study found that the link between the attitude of esports shows a positive effect on the tourism intention of the venue. Also, esports attributes have a positive relationship with the attitude of the venue.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.222-230
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data on sports entertainment programs by collecting data on unstructured data generated by Naver and Google for SBS entertainment program 'Women Who Score Goal', which began regular broadcast in June 2021, and analyzing public perceptions through data mining, semantic matrix, and CONCOR analysis. Data collection was conducted using Textom, and 27,911 cases of data accumulated for 16 months from June 16, 2021 to October 15, 2022. For the collected data, 80 key keywords related to 'Kick a Goal' were derived through simple frequency and TF-IDF analysis through data mining. Semantic network analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between the top 80 keywords analyzed through this process. The centrality was derived through the UCINET 6.0 program using NetDraw of UCINET 6.0, understanding the characteristics of the network, and visualizing the connection relationship between keywords to express it clearly. CONCOR analysis was conducted to derive a cluster of words with similar characteristics based on the semantic network. As a result of the analysis, it was analyzed as a 'program' cluster related to the broadcast content of 'Kick a Goal' and a 'Soccer' cluster, a sports event of 'Kick a Goal'. In addition to the scenes about the game of the cast, it was analyzed as an 'Everyday Life' cluster about training and daily life, and a cluster about 'Broadcast Manipulation' that disappointed viewers with manipulation of the game content.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.169-176
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• 2015

Recently smartphone market is rapidly growing and application market has also grown significantly. Mobile applications have been provided in various forms, such as education, game, SNS, weather and news. And It is distributed through a variety of distribution channels. Malicious applications deployed with malicious objectives are growing as well as applications that can be useful in everyday life well. In this study, Events from a malicious application that is provided by the normal application deployment and Android MalGenome Project through the open market were extracted and analyzed. And using the results, We create a model to determine whether the application is malicious. Finally, model was evaluated using a variety of statistical method.