• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2001

Objective : Modern acupuncture research often utilizes the methodology of animal experiment where animal acupoints(AA) are stimulated and the results observed. There hasn't been any consensus on the AA locations yet, but it is integral for the locations to be defined in detail for any animal experiment. Methods : The review of 24 original articles published in the Journal of Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion Society for recent one year which utilized animal experiment methodology revealed that AA are located primarily by the method of transposition from human acupoints. Only a few of those AA were defined in detail. ST-36, CV-12, GB-34, BL-23 were among the most frequently used AA. Results & Conculsion : Transpositional Ⅲ acupoint system of mouse is proposed, which includes 3 points of LU meridian, 4 of LI, 10 of ST, 8 of SP, 3 of HT, 4 of SI, 26 of BL, 2 of KI, 4 of PC, 3 of TE, I1 of GB, 6 of LR, 8 of CV and 19 of GV.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.78-96
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to provide clinical evidence of Korean medicine for febrile seizure by review of randomized controlled trials on the effect of TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) for febrile seizure. Methods We searched randomized controlled trials about TCM treatment of febrile seizure from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) (January 2008 to June 2016). The selected literatures were assessed by Jadad scale. Results 40 papers were selected from 160 studies. Analyses of selected studies indicated that the TCM treatment group has significantly higher cure rate for febrile seizure than first aid or western medicine group. The most commonly used herbs were Gardeniae Fructus (梔子), Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis (鉤藤), Cornus Gazeliae (羚羊角), Margarita (珍珠), Scutellariae Radix (黃芩), Glycyrrhizae Radix (甘草). The most commonly used acupoints were GV26 (人中), LI4 (合谷), KI1 (湧泉), GV20 (百會). There were no serious adverse events reported from the TCM treatment group during the treatment period. Conclusions TCM has been shown as not only effective but also safe treatment on febrile seizure. This finding can be widely utilized in clinical practice and can form the basis for development of clinical practice guidelines in future.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.581-585
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to establish the analgesic effects of electroacupuncture for Korean native goat. Electroacupuncture was applied to the 6 Korean native goats. In 3 of them, rumenotomy was performed, and in the other 3, laparotomy was done. The analgesic induction time was 15 to 30 minutes. The acupoints used were Tian-ping (Celestial Peace, GV-5), Bai-hui (Hundred Meetings, GV-20), left 13th thoracic nerve and left 3rd lumbar nerve. Electroacupuncture was performed in lateral recumbency. Needles were inserted 1-2 cm deep, and connected to the electroacupuncture apparatus. The electrical stimulation condition was 30 Hz and 2-6 volts. Initially, the voltage of analgesia mode was maximized in each channel. And, the output was slowly reduced to the critical point that goats could tolerate without obvious discomfort or pain. Surgical operation was done successfully under electroacupuncture analgesia in 6 Korean native goats. In addition, the changes of temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate were studied during acupuncture analgesia. For 3 months after surgery, no experimental animals showed clinical problem in 6 Korean native goats.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate what protein(s) of porcine epididymal fluid (pEF) are able to enhance the nuclear maturation of porcine germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes in vitro. Proteins of pEF were fractionated by affinity, ion exchange, and gel filtration chromatography. Porcine cumulus-oocytes complexes (COC) from follicles were cultured in tissue culture medium (TCM 199) containing various fractions obtained by chromatography. Porcine COCs were also cultured in TCM 199 containing various meiosis inhibitors and pEF. After 24 or 48 h culture, oocytes were examined for evidence of GV breakdown, metaphase I, anaphase-telophase I, and metaphase II. When porcine COCs were cultured in the medium with meiosis inhibitor such as, dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) and forskolin (Fo), more than 80% of oocytes were unable to resume meiosis. However, porcine COCs supplemented with pEF were able to overcome the inhibitory effect of dbcAMP and Fo. Maturation rate of oocytes was significantly (p<0.05) increased in the media supplemented with cationic protein(s) during in vitro maturation than in those with anionic protein(s) (44.1% vs 20.0%). When oocytes were cultured in the TCM 199 with fractions obtained by gel filtration, the maturation rate of oocytes was significantly (p<0.05) higher in fraction 11 containing 18 kDa than other fractions. The present study suggests that 1) dbcAMP and Fo prevent the spontaneous maturation of oocyte after isolation from follicles, and that pEF contain a substance(s) that improves meiosis resumption in vitro of porcine COCs, 2) cationic 18 kDa protein(s) are responsible for promotion of Mil stage.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the effects of Calculus Bovis-Fel Uris-Moschus pharmacopuncture (BUM) on the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal and cerebral ischemic rats and to investigate a possible pathway involved in the effects of BUM. Methods: The changes in the rCBF and the MABP following BUM into Fengfu (GV16) were determined by using a laser-Doppler flow meter and a pressure transducer, respectively. Results: BUM significantly increased the rCBF and decreased the MABP in normal rats in a dose-dependent manner. The effect on the rCBF was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with methylene blue (0.01 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, but was not affected by pretreatment with indomethacin (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. The BUM-induced decrease of the MABP was changed neither by methylene blue nor by indomethacin pretreatment. In the cerebral ischemic rats, the rCBF was stably increased upon cerebral reperfusion in the BUM group in contrast to the rapid and marked increase in the control group. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that BUM into Fengbu (GV16) increased the rCBF in a dose-dependent manner in the normal state; furthermore, it improved the stability of the rCBF in the ischemic state upon reperfusion. Also, the effects of BUM on the rCBF were attenuated by inhibition of guanylate cyclase, suggesting that the effects involved the guanylate cyclase pathway.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.263-272
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• 2007

생쥐의 난자는 특별한 첨가물이나 난구세포 없이 체외 배양해도 성숙율이 높은 반면 돼지 난자의 체외성숙율은 매우 낮다. 본 연구는 이러한 차이의 원인을 연구하기 위하여 생쥐와 돼지 난자의 에너지 생성에 관여하는 유전자인 malate dehydrogenase(Mor2)의 기능을 RNAi를 이용하여 비교 분석하였다. 생쥐와 돼지 각각의 Mor2 double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)를 제작하고, 생쥐는 난구세포를 제거한 미성숙(GV) 난자의 세포질에 mMor2 dsRNA를 미세 주입한 후 16시간 동안 배양하였고, 돼지는 난구세포를 제거하거나(DO) 혹은 그대로인 상태(COCs)로 pMor2 dsRNA를 미세 주입한 후 48시간 동안 배양하였다. 사용한 배양액은 M199에 10%의 porcine follicular fluid, pyruvate, p-FSH, EGF, cystein, estradiol-$17{\beta}$ 등이 첨가된 배양액을 사용하였고, 배양 후 난자의 형태학적 변화를 관찰하고, Mor2 mRNA양의 변화를 RT-PCR로 확인하여 RNAi 결과, 염기서열 특이적으로 Mor2 발현이 억제됨을 확인하였다. 돼지 난자의 pMor2 RNAi 결과, DO 난자에서는 약 58%의 난자가 MI에서 성숙이 억제되었으나, COCs에선 84.4%가 MII로 성숙하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 이는 돼지의 난구세포가 난자 성숙에 매우 중요하며, 특히 malate 공급에 관여할 것임을 시사한다. 선행 연구 Mor2 RNAi 결과, 생쥐는 GV에서, 본 연구에서 돼지는 MI에서 성숙이 정지되었기 때문에 이러한 차이가 배양액의 차이인지 다시 mMor2 RNAi 후 생쥐 난자를 M199 배양액에 16시간 동안 배양한 후 성숙율을 관찰하였더니 MII로의 성숙율은 62%로 대조군과 비교하여 큰 차이가 없었다(non-injected: 76.8%, buffer-injected: 73.3%). 이는 mMor2 RNAi 결과가 배양액의 조성에 의해 극복될 수 있음을 보여준 결과다. 생쥐와 돼지에서 서로 다른 대사과정을 갖고 있음은 바로 이 두 종에서의 체외성숙율 차이의 원인이 될 수 있을 것이며, 앞으로 두 종에서의 난자와 난구세포간의 상호작용 및 대사 경로 등에 관한 심도 깊은 비교 분석 연구를 통하여 돼지의 체외성숙율을 증가시킬 수 있는 배양 시스템의 개발이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.253-270
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• 2005

수종(水腫)의 분류(分類), 병인(丙因), 병기(病機), 치법(治法), 변증시치(辨證施治)에 따른 치료혈(治療穴)의 관계(關係)에 대해 황제내경이후(黃帝內經以後) 34종의(種) 문헌(文獻)을 고찰한 결과(結果) 다음과 같은 결론(結論)를 얻었다. 1. 수종(水腫)은 육음외야(六淫外耶), 노권내상(勞倦內傷), 혹(或) 음식실조(飮食失調) 등으로 폐(肺) 비(脾) 비신(脾腎)과 방광(膀胱) 삼초(三焦)의 기능이 장애(障碍)되어 진액수포(津液輸布)를 실상(失常)함으로써 수액(水液)이 저유(貯留)하여 기부(肌膚)로 범일(泛溢)한 것으로 얼굴 팔다리 가슴 배, 심하면 온 몸에 머물러 붓는 병증(病症)이다. 2. 수종(水腫)의 분류(分類)는 병인(病因)과 맥증(脈證)에 따라서 오장수(五臟水) (간수(肝水) 심수(心水) 비수(脾水) 폐유(肺兪) 신수(腎水)), 오종수(五種水) 풍수(風水) 피수(皮水) 정수(正水) 석수(石水) 황한(黃汗)), 십수(十水)(청수(淸水) 적수(赤水) 황수(黃水) 백수(白水) 흑수(黑水) 원수(元水) 풍수(風水) 석수(石水) 이수(里水) 기수(氣水))로 구분(區分)되며, 이밖에 십이수(十二水)와 이십사수후(二十四水候), 양수(陽水)와 음수(陰水)로 대별(大別)되기도 한다. 3. 수종(水腫)의 병인(病因)은 풍사외습(風邪外襲) 폐기부선(肺氣不宣), 수습내침(水濕內侵) 비부건운(脾不健運), 노권태과(勞倦太過) 기포(飢飽) 생육부절(生育不節) 등(等)에서 벗어나지 않으며, 양수(陽水)의 병인(病因)으로 풍수범람(風水泛濫) 습열옹성(濕熱壅盛), 음수(陰水)의 병인(病因)으로 전양쇠허 신기쇠미(腎氣衰微) 등이 있다. 4. 수종(水腫)의 병기(病機)는 폐(肺) 비(脾) 신(腎) 삼경장기(三經臟氣)의 기능실조(機能失調)에 지나지 않으며, 그 병의(病) 근본(根本)은 모두 신에(腎) 있다. 5. 수종(水腫)의 침구치료(針灸治療)에 있어서, 침구치료(鍼灸治療)를 병용(竝用) 하거나 혹은 구법(灸法)만 사용하기도 한다. 문헌상(文獻上) 침자혈위(針刺穴位)는 '수구(水溝)' 혈이(穴) 최요혈(最要穴)이며 '수분(水分) 수구(水構)' 혈이(穴) 구법(灸法)의 최요혈(最要穴)로 기재(記載)되어 있다. 6. 수종(水腫)의 병인병기(病因病耭)에 따른 침구치료(針灸治療)에 있어서 주로 풍(風) 습(濕) 열에(熱) 해당하는 양수(陽水)나 실증(實證)엔 산풍(散風) 청열리습(淸熱利濕) 선폐리전하기 위해 '수구(水構) 족삼리(足三里) 비유(脾兪) 제릉천(除陵泉)(사)(瀉)' 등의 혈을(穴) 침랄사법(針剌瀉法) 하거나 혹구(或灸)하며, 비양허(脾陽虛) 신기허(腎氣虛)에 해당하는 음수(陰水)나 허증(虛證)엔 온운비양(溫運脾陽) 온신조양(溫腎助陽) 화기행수(化氣行水) 하기 위해 '수분(水分) 족삼리(足三里) 기해(氣海)(구)(灸) 비유(脾兪) 신유(腎兪) 삼초유(三焦兪) 태계(太溪)' 혈을(穴) 보(補) 평보평사(平補平瀉) (침자(針刺))하거나 구법(灸法)을 활용한다.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.1327-1338
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• 2015

In this paper, we introduce and study the w-weak global dimension w-w.gl.dim(R) of a commutative ring R. As an application, it is shown that an integral domain R is a $Pr\ddot{u}fer$ v-multiplication domain if and only if w-w.gl.dim(R) ${\leq}1$. We also show that there is a large class of domains in which Hilbert's syzygy Theorem for the w-weak global dimension does not hold. Namely, we prove that if R is an integral domain (but not a field) for which the polynomial ring R[x] is w-coherent, then w-w.gl.dim(R[x]) = w-w.gl.dim(R).

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.286-291
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• 2018

Objective: This clinical study aims to report the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment in a patient with Parkinson's disease. Methods: The patient was treated with acupuncture totally eight times, which was applied at LU8, LR4, HT3, LR2, GV20, and GB20 and moxibustion at CV12, CV4. The effect of treatment was evaluated using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Results: After treatment the patient's UPDRS scores improved from 78 to 29 points after 28 days, and the patient's symptoms of tremor also improved. Conclusions: The Korean medicine treatment of acupuncture might be effective for Parkinson's disease.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.185-208
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• 1997

A Literatual Study on the external treatment of eye diseases, the result were as follows. 1. The external treatment of eye diseases used eyedrops(點,滴), steam bath(熏), washing(洗), plaster(敷). 2. Eyedrops used filterated decoction. 3. Eye diseases used Bomeolum(永片), Coptidis Rhiwma(黃連), Angelicae gigantis Radix(當歸) with clearing away heat and toxic materials, clearing away swelling, pain, ithing and convulsion, clearing away nebula 4. Eye diseases used B-1(晴明), B-2(찬竹), Tae-Yang(太陽), S-1(承泣), G-1(瞳子료), S-2(四白), TE-23(絲竹空), Eo-Yo(魚腰), G-14(陽白), Gu-Hu(球後), G-20(風池), B-18(肝兪), LI-4(合谷), Liv-3(太衡, B-23(腎兪), G-37(光明), Liv-2(行間), GV-23(上星), and S-36(足三里).